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Author |
Marine Desprez, Stéphanie Jenouvrier, Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Henri Weimerskirch |
![find book details (via ISBN) isbn](img/isbn.gif)
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Title |
Linking oceanographic conditions, migratory schedules and foraging behaviour during the non-breeding season to reproductive performance in a long-lived seabird |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
8 |
Pages |
2040-2053 |
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Keywords |
carry-over effect migration phenology protandry reproductive performance sea surface temperature sex Thalassarche melanophris |
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Abstract |
Studies of the mechanisms underlying climate-induced population changes are critically needed to better understand and accurately predict population responses to climate change. Long-lived migratory species might be particularly vulnerable to climate change as they are constrained by different climate conditions and energetic requirements during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Yet, most studies primarily focus on the breeding season of these species life cycle. Environmental conditions experienced in the non-breeding season may have downstream effects on the other stages of the annual life cycle. Not investigating such effects may potentially lead to erroneous inferences about population dynamics. Combining demographic and tracking data collected between 2006 and 2013 at Kerguelen Island on a long-lived migratory seabird, the Black-Browed Albatross (Thalassarche melanophris), we investigated the links between sea surface temperature during the non-breeding season and behavioural and phenological traits (at-sea behaviour and migratory schedules) while accounting for different responses between birds of different sex and reproductive status (previously failed or successful breeders). We then explored whether variation in the foraging behaviour and timing of spring migration influenced subsequent reproductive performance. Our results showed that foraging activity and migratory schedules varied by both sex and reproductive status suggesting different energetic requirements and constraints among individuals. Higher sea surface temperatures during late winter, assumed to reflect poor winter conditions, were associated with an earlier departure from the wintering grounds and an extended pre-breeding period. However, an earlier spring migration and an earlier return to Kerguelen grounds were associated with a lower breeding success. Our results highlighted that behaviour during some periods of the non-breeding season, particularly towards the end of the wintering period and the pre-breeding period, had a significant effect on the subsequent reproductive success. Therefore, caution needs to be given to all stages of the annual cycle when predicting the influence of climate on population dynamics. A plain language summary is available for this article. |
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109 |
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ISSN |
1365-2435 |
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1365-2435 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7189 |
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Author |
A. Marchaudon, P.-L. Blelly, M. Grandin, A. Aikio, A. Kozlovsky, I. Virtanen |
![find book details (via ISBN) isbn](img/isbn.gif)
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Title |
IPIM Modeling of the Ionospheric F2 Layer Depletion at High Latitudes During a High-Speed Stream Event |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
123 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
8 |
Pages |
7051-7066 |
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EISCAT high-speed stream ionosondes SuperDARN |
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Abstract |
Our aim is to understand the effect of high-speed stream events on the high-latitude ionosphere and more specifically the decrease of the foF2 frequency during the entire day following the impact. First, we have selected one summertime event, for which a large data set was available: Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) and European Incoherent SCATter (EISCAT) radars, Tromsø and Sodankylä ionosondes, and the CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) satellite. We modeled with the IPIM model (IRAP Plasmasphere Ionosphere Model) the dynamics of the ionosphere at Tromsø and Sodankylä using inputs derived from the data. The simulations nicely match the measurements made by the EISCAT radar and the ionosondes, and we showed that the decrease of foF2 is associated with a transition from F2 to F1 layer resulting from a decrease of neutral atomic oxygen concentration. Modeling showed that electrodynamics can explain short-term behavior on the scale of a few hours, but long-term behavior on the scale of a few days results from the perturbation induced in the atmosphere. Enhancement of convection is responsible for a sharp increase of the ion temperature by Joule heating, leading through chemistry to an immediate reduction of the F2 layer. Then, ion drag on neutrals is responsible for a rapid heating and expansion of the thermosphere. This expansion affects atomic oxygen through nonthermal upward flow, which results in a decrease of its concentration and amplifies the decrease of [O]/[N2] ratio. This thermospheric change explains long-term extinction of the F2 layer. |
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312 |
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2169-9402 |
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2169-9402 |
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yes |
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7362 |
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Author |
Olivier Champagne, Benjamin Pohl, Shawn McKenzie, Jean-François Buoncristiani, Eric Bernard, Daniel Joly, Florian Tolle |
![find book details (via ISBN) isbn](img/isbn.gif)
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Title |
Atmospheric circulation modulates the spatial variability of temperature in the Atlantic–Arctic region |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
International Journal of Climatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
39 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
8 |
Pages |
3619-3638 |
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Keywords |
Arctic amplification Atlantic–Arctic atmospheric circulation internal climate variability Reanalyses weather regimes |
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Abstract |
The Arctic region has experienced significant warming during the past two decades with major implications on the cryosphere. The causes of Arctic amplification are still an open question within the scientific community, attracting recent interest. The goal of this study is to quantify the contribution of atmospheric circulation on temperature variability in the Atlantic–Arctic region at decadal to intra-annual timescales from 1951 to 2014. Daily 20th Century reanalyses geopotential height anomalies at 500 hPa were clustered into different weather regimes to assess their contribution to observed temperature variability. The results show that in winter, 25% of the warming (cooling) in the North Atlantic Ocean (northeastern Canada) is due to temporal decreases of high geopotential anomalies in Greenland. This regime influences air mass migration patterns, bringing less cold (warm) air masses into these regions. Additionally, atmospheric warming or cooling has been attributed to a change in nearby oceanic basin surface conditions because of sea ice decline. In summer, about 15% of the warming observed in Norwegian/Greenland Seas is related to an increase in temporal anticyclonic patterns. This ratio reaches 37% in Norway due to an amplification from downwards solar radiation. This study allows for better understanding how natural climate variability modulates the regional signature of climate change and estimating the uncertainties in climate projections. |
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1108 |
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ISSN |
1097-0088 |
ISBN |
1097-0088 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7461 |
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Author |
Jean-Baptiste Thiebot, John PY Arnould, Agustina Gómez‐Laich, Kentaro Ito, Akiko Kato, Thomas Mattern, Hiromichi Mitamura, Takuji Noda, Timothée Poupart, Flavio Quintana, Thierry Raclot, Yan Ropert‐Coudert, Juan E. Sala, Philip J. Seddon, Grace J. Sutton, Ken Yoda, Akinori Takahashi |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Jellyfish and other gelata as food for four penguin species – insights from predator-borne videos |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
8 |
Pages |
437-441 |
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Abstract |
Jellyfish and other pelagic gelatinous organisms (“gelata”) are increasingly perceived as an important component of marine food webs but remain poorly understood. Their importance as prey in the oceans is extremely difficult to quantify due in part to methodological challenges in verifying predation on gelatinous structures. Miniaturized animal-borne video data loggers now enable feeding events to be monitored from a predator's perspective. We gathered a substantial video dataset (over 350 hours of exploitable footage) from 106 individuals spanning four species of non-gelatinous-specialist predators (penguins), across regions of the southern oceans (areas south of 30°S). We documented nearly 200 cases of targeted attacks on carnivorous gelata by all four species, at all seven studied localities. Our findings emphasize that gelatinous organisms actually represent a widespread but currently under-represented trophic link across the southern oceans, even for endothermic predators, which have high energetic demands. The use of modern technological tools, such as animal-borne video data loggers, will help to correctly identify the ecological niche of gelata. |
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Programme |
1091 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1540-9309 |
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yes |
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7488 |
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Author |
É Vignon, M.-L. Roussel, I. V. Gorodetskaya, C. Genthon, A. Berne |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Present and Future of Rainfall in Antarctica |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Geophysical Research Letters |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
8 |
Pages |
e2020GL092281 |
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Abstract |
While most precipitation in Antarctica falls as snow, little is known about liquid precipitation, although it can have ecological and climatic impacts. This study combines meteorological reports at 10 stations with the ERA5 reanalysis to provide a climatological characterization of rainfall occurrence over Antarctica. Along the East Antarctic coast, liquid precipitation occurs 22 days per year at most and coincides with maritime intrusions and blocking anticyclones. Over the north-western Antarctic Peninsula, rainfall occurs more than 50 days per year on average and the recent summer cooling was accompanied by a decrease of −35 annual rainy days per decade between 1998 and 2015 at Faraday-Vernadsky. Projections from seven latest-generation climate models reveal that Antarctic coasts will experience a warming and more frequent and intense rainfall by the end of the century. Rainfall is expected to impact new regions of the continent, increasing their vulnerability to melting by the preconditioning of surface snow. |
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1013,1143 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1944-8007 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7935 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Juan F. Masello, Petra Quillfeldt, Edson Sandoval-Castellanos, Rachael Alderman, Luciano Calderón, Yves Cherel, Theresa L. Cole, Richard J. Cuthbert, Manuel Marin, Melanie Massaro, Joan Navarro, Richard A. Phillips, Peter G. Ryan, Lara D. Shepherd, Cristián G. Suazo, Henri Weimerskirch, Yoshan Moodley |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Additive Traits Lead to Feeding Advantage and Reproductive Isolation, Promoting Homoploid Hybrid Speciation |
Type |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Molecular Biology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
8 |
Pages |
1671-1685 |
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Abstract. Speciation through homoploid hybridization (HHS) is considered extremely rare in animals. This is mainly because the establishment of reproductive isolation as a product of hybridization is uncommon. Additionally, many traits are underpinned by polygeny and/or incomplete dominance, where the hybrid phenotype is an additive blend of parental characteristics. Phenotypically intermediate hybrids are usually at a fitness disadvantage compared with parental species and tend to vanish through backcrossing with parental population(s). It is therefore unknown whether the additive nature of hybrid traits in itself could lead successfully to HHS. Using a multi-marker genetic data set and a meta-analysis of diet and morphology, we investigated a potential case of HHS in the prions (Pachyptila spp.), seabirds distinguished by their bills, prey choice, and timing of breeding. Using approximate Bayesian computation, we show that the medium-billed Salvin’s prion (Pachyptila salvini) could be a hybrid between the narrow-billed Antarctic prion (Pachyptila desolata) and broad-billed prion (Pachyptila vittata). Remarkably, P. salvini’s intermediate bill width has given it a feeding advantage with respect to the other Pachyptila species, allowing it to consume a broader range of prey, potentially increasing its fitness. Available metadata showed that P. salvini is also intermediate in breeding phenology and, with no overlap in breeding times, it is effectively reproductively isolated from either parental species through allochrony. These results provide evidence for a case of HHS in nature, and show for the first time that additivity of divergent parental traits alone can lead directly to increased hybrid fitness and reproductive isolation. |
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109 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0737-4038 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7637 |
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Author |
Christophe Barbraud, Baudouin des Monstiers, Adrien Chaigne, Cédric Marteau, Henri Weimerskirch, Karine Delord |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Predation by feral cats threatens great albatrosses |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Biological Invasions |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
8 |
Pages |
2389-2405 |
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Abstract |
Feral cats (Felis catus) are a potential threat for several seabird species including medium sized albatrosses, but studies documenting predation behavior, demographic impacts and effects of predator control are scarce. Here, we present data on feral cat predation behavior on one of the world’s largest seabirds, the wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) at Kerguelen Island, and show how it affects breeding success and rate of population growth. We assess the effect of a feral cat control experiment on breeding success and population viability. Using 32 camera traps we monitored 25 nests of albatross and detected 295 events showing a potential predator. Of these, 75.2% and 24.8% involved feral cats and giant petrels, respectively. Giant petrels were never implicated in direct predation. We recorded 17 attacks of feral cats on 13 albatross chicks. Attacks lasted in average 52.1 ± 72.9 min, and resulted in the death of 10 of the 13 (76.9%) monitored chicks. Breeding success where attacks were recorded was low (12%) compared to areas with no attack (86%). Mean breeding success during 3 years before cat control was 26% and increased to 80% during the 3 years following the experiment. According to predation scenarios, population modelling showed that the albatross population would decline by 2.7–4.5% per year without cat control. Following cat control the population would increase at 1.8% per year. Our results demonstrate that feral cats predate and have negative impacts on breeding success and population growth rate of wandering albatrosses at Kerguelen Island. We provide recommendations on feral cat control and eradication to mitigate the risk of population decline or local extinction of large albatrosses. |
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109 |
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ISSN |
1573-1464 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7938 |
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Author |
Philippe Ricaud, Paolo Grigioni, Romain Roehrig, Pierre Durand, Dana E. Veron |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Trends in Atmospheric Humidity and Temperature above Dome C, Antarctica Evaluated from Observations and Reanalyses |
Type |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Atmosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
8 |
Pages |
836 |
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Keywords |
meteorological reanalyses microwave radiometer precipitable water radiosondes SAM index temperature trends |
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Abstract |
The time evolution of humidity and temperature above Dome C (Antarctica) has been investigated by considering data from (1) meteorological radiosondes (2005–2017), (2) the microwave radiometer HAMSTRAD (2012–2017), (3) four modern meteorological reanalyses (1980–2017) and (4) the southern annular mode (SAM) index (1980–2017). From these observations (2005–2017), a significant moistening trend (0.08 ± 0.06 kg m−2 dec−1) is associated with a significant warming trend (1.08 ± 0.55 K dec−1) in summer. Conversely, a significant drying trend of −0.04 ± 0.03 kg m−2 dec−1 (−0.05 ± 0.03 kg m−2 dec−1) is associated with a significant cooling trend of −2.4 ± 1.2 K dec−1 (−5.1 ± 2.0 K dec−1) in autumn (winter), with no significant trends in the spring. We demonstrate that 1) the trends identified in the radiosondes (2005–2017) are also present in the reanalyses and 2) the multidecadal variability of integrated water vapor and near-surface temperature (1980–2017) is strongly influenced by variability in the SAM index for all seasons but spring. Our study suggests that the decadal trends observed in humidity and near-surface temperature at Dome C (2005–2017) reflect the multidecadal variability of the atmosphere, and are not indicative of long-term trends that may be related to global climate change. |
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910 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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2073-4433 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7838 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Louis Le Toumelin, Charles Amory, Vincent Favier, Christoph Kittel, Stefan Hofer, Xavier Fettweis, Hubert Gallée, Vinay Kayetha |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Sensitivity of the surface energy budget to drifting snow as simulated by MAR in coastal Adelie Land, Antarctica |
Type |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
8 |
Pages |
3595-3614 |
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411,1013 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1994-0416 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7946 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Luis R. Pertierra, Nicolás I. Segovia, Daly Noll, Pablo A. Martinez, Patricio Pliscoff, Andrés Barbosa, Pedro Aragón, Andrea Raya Rey, Pierre Pistorius, Phil Trathan, Andrea Polanowski, Francesco Bonadonna, Céline Le Bohec, Ke Bi, Cynthia Y. Wang-Claypool, Daniel González-Acuña, Gisele P. M. Dantas, Rauri C. K. Bowie, Elie Poulin, Juliana A. Vianna |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Cryptic speciation in gentoo penguins is driven by geographic isolation and regional marine conditions: Unforeseen vulnerabilities to global change |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Diversity and distributions |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
8 |
Pages |
958-975 |
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Keywords |
diversification ecological niche overlap gentoo penguin subspecies |
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Abstract |
Aim The conservation of biodiversity is hampered by data deficiencies, with many new species and subspecies awaiting description or reclassification. Population genomics and ecological niche modelling offer complementary new tools for uncovering functional units of phylogenetic diversity. We hypothesize that phylogenetically delineated lineages of gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) distributed across Antarctica and sub-Antarctic Islands are subject to spatially explicit ecological conditions that have limited gene flow, facilitating genetic differentiation, and thereby speciation processes. Location Antarctica and sub-Antarctic area. Methods We identify divergent lineages for gentoo penguins using ddRAD-seq and mtDNA, and generated species distribution models (SDMs) based on terrestrial and marine parameters. Results Analyses of our genomic data supports the existence of four major lineages of gentoo penguin: (i) spanning the sub-Antarctic archipelagos north of the Antarctic Polar Front (APF); (ii) Kerguelen Island; (iii) South America; and (iv) across maritime Antarctic and the Scotia Arc archipelagos. The APF, a major current system around Antarctica, acts as the most important barrier separating regional sister lineages. Our ecological analyses spanning both the terrestrial (breeding sites) and marine (feeding sites) realms recover limited niche overlap among the major lineages of gentoo penguin. We observe this pattern to correspond more closely with regional differentiation of marine conditions than to terrestrial macroenvironmental features. Main conclusions Recognition of regional genetic lineages as discrete evolutionary entities that occupy distinct ecological niches and also differ morphologically should be considered a priority for conservation. Gentoo penguins provide a good example of how conservation policy can be directly impacted by new insights obtained through the integration of larger genomic datasets with novel approaches to ecological modelling. This is particularly pertinent to polar environments that are among the most rapidly changing environments on earth. |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1472-4642 |
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7950 |
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