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Author |
Alexandra Lavrillier, Semen Gabyshev, Maxence Rojo |
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Title |
The Sable for Evenk Reindeer Herders in Southeastern Siberia: Interplaying Drivers of Changes on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Climate Change, Worldwide Market Econonomy and Extractive Industries |
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Book |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Unesco |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue  |
Knowledges of Nature |
Pages |
111-128 |
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Abstract |
The transdisciplinary publication introduces the Evenki and their perception of global climate and environmental changes. Then it presents a case study of one of the most important ecosystem services for the Evenki nomads (sable hunting) and how it is threatened by combined drivers of change. It studies in detail changes in the snow and vegetal covers related to sable, analyses the dependency of the nomads on this economic activity, and reflects on how national and international drivers of change influence this trade and, consequently, the well-being of the Evenki. Finally, it concludes by discussing the interplaying drivers of change |
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1127 |
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9789231002106 |
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yes |
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6974 |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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45 |
Issue |
June 30th. 2014 |
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Abstract |
The Dolgans form a society who lives in the Siberian Arctic, in the northern peninsula of the Eurasian continent. Since the beginning of XXth century, researchers have gathered epics by then, sung or told. From published texts, it becomes possible to observe some structural rules. Some poetical formulations come too or differ. Thus narratives changes show the richness and the subtlety of the epic. The hero follows new path too, and then he tests social or religious rules. The main objective of this note is to define a corpus of study, from which further analyses will be carried out in connection with historical context and Dolgan religious system.
The article is related to a communication. It took place in a day of study in Paris on November 28th 2014 (EPHE-CEMS Paris, RARE-Grenoble III, orgs. Florence Goyet, Jean-Luc Lambert). |
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1121 |
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0766-5075 |
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yes |
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5272 |
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Author |
Kaeuffer Renaud, Bonenfant Christophe, Chapuis Jean-Louis, Devillard Sébastien, |
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Title |
Dynamics of an introduced population of mouflon Ovis aries on the sub-Antarctic archipelago of Kerguelen
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Ecography |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
June 2009 |
Pages |
435 -442 |
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Abstract |
A commonly reported pattern in large herbivores is their propensity to irrupt and crash when colonizing new areas. However, the relative role of density-dependence, climate, and cohort effects on demographic rates in accounting for the irruptive dynamics of large herbivores remains unclear. Using a 37-yr time series of abundance in a mouflon Ovis aries population located on Haute Island, a sub-Antarctic island of Kerguelen, 1) we investigated if irruptive dynamics occurred and 2) we quantified the relative effects of density and climate on mouflon population dynamics. Being released in a new environment, we expected mouflon to show rapid growth and marked over-compensation. In support of this prediction, we found a two-phase dynamics, the first phase being characterised by an irruptive pattern best described by the u-Caughley model. Parameter estimates were rm0.2990.005 (maximum growth rate), K473945 (carrying capacity) and S29039396 (surplus) mouflon. With a u3.1890.69 our model also supported the hypothesis that density dependence is strongest at high density in large herbivores. The second phase was characterised by an unstable dynamics where growth rate was negatively affected by population abundance and winter precipitation. Climate, however, did not trigger population crashes and our model suggested that lagged density-dependence and over-grazing were the probable causes of mouflon irruptive dynamics. We compare our results with those of Soay sheep and discuss the possibility of a reversible alteration of the island carrying capacity after the initial over-grazing period.
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136 |
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ISSN |
0906-7590 |
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yes |
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Serial |
59 |
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Author |
David Grémillet |
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Title |
The spatial ecology and conservation of seabird facing global change |
Type |
Communication |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
University of southern denmark |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
Invited talk |
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388 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7340 |
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Author |
J Fort |
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Title |
Arctic seabird ecotoxicology at a hierarchy of scales |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Polar 2018, 19-23 June 2018, Davos, Switzerland |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
Invited talk |
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Programme |
388 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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Serial |
7410 |
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Author |
David Grémillet |
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Title |
Avian energetics and the conservation of seabirds facing global change |
Type |
Communication |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
42nd annual meeting of the waterbird society |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
Vancouver |
Issue |
Invited talk |
Pages |
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388 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7413 |
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Author |
David Grémillet |
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Title |
Avian energetics and the conservation of seabirds facing global change |
Type |
Communication |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
27th international ornithological congress |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
Vancouver |
Issue |
Invited talk |
Pages |
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388 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7414 |
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Author |
J Fort |
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Title |
Spatial ecotoxicology: tracking large scale mercury contamination of the avian community in a changing Arctic |
Type |
Communication |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Globalizing polar issues – high altitudes meet high latitudes. crans-montana, switzerland |
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Issue |
Invited speaker |
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388 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7339 |
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Author |
Gouttevin I, Menegoz M, Domin F, Krinner G, Koven C, Ciais P, Tarnocai C, Boike J, |
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Title |
How the insulating properties of snow affect soil carbon distribution in the continental pan-Arctic area
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
117 |
Issue |
G2 |
Pages |
G02020- |
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Keywords |
Arctic, land-surface model, permafrost, snow, snow insulation, soil carbon, 0414 Biogeosciences: Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling (0412, 0793, 1615, 4805, 4912), 0475 Biogeosciences: Permafrost, cryosphere, and high-latitude processes (0702, 0716), 1622 Global Change: Earth system modeling (1225, 4316), |
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Abstract |
We demonstrate the effect of an ecosystem differentiated insulation by snow on the soil thermal regime and on the terrestrial soil carbon distribution in the pan-Arctic area. This is done by means of a sensitivity study performed with the land surface model ORCHIDEE, which furthermore provides a first quantification of this effect. Based on field campaigns reporting higher thermal conductivities and densities for the tundra snowpack than for taiga snow, two distributions of near-equilibrium soil carbon stocks are computed, one relying on uniform snow thermal properties and the other using ecosystem-differentiated snow thermal properties. Those modeled distributions strongly depend on soil temperature through decomposition processes. Considering higher insulation by snow in taiga areas induces warmer soil temperatures by up to 12 K in winter at 50 cm depth. This warmer soil signal persists over summer with a temperature difference of up to 4 K at 50 cm depth, especially in areas exhibiting a thick, enduring snow cover. These thermal changes have implications on the modeled soil carbon stocks, which are reduced by 8% in the pan-Arctic continental area when the vegetation-induced variations of snow thermal properties are accounted for. This is the result of diverse and spatially heterogeneous ecosystem processes: where higher soil temperatures lift nitrogen limitation on plant productivity, tree plant functional types thrive whereas light limitation and enhanced water stress are the new constrains on lower vegetation, resulting in a reduced net productivity at the pan-Arctic scale. Concomitantly, higher soil temperatures yield increased respiration rates (+22% over the study area) and result in reduced permafrost extent and deeper active layers which expose greater volumes of soil to microbial decomposition. The three effects combine to produce lower soil carbon stocks in the pan-Arctic terrestrial area. Our study highlights the role of snow in combination with vegetation in shaping the distribution of soil carbon and permafrost at high latitudes.
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Programme |
1017 |
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Publisher |
AGU |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
776 |
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Author |
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Title |
How the insulating properties of snow affect soil carbon distribution in the continental pan-Arctic area
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
117 |
Issue |
G2 |
Pages |
G02020- |
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Keywords |
Arctic, land-surface model, permafrost, snow, snow insulation, soil carbon, 0414 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling, 0475 Permafrost, cryosphere, and high-latitude processes, 1622 Earth system modeling, |
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Abstract |
We demonstrate the effect of an ecosystem differentiated insulation by snow on the soil thermal regime and on the terrestrial soil carbon distribution in the pan-Arctic area. This is done by means of a sensitivity study performed with the land surface model ORCHIDEE, which furthermore provides a first quantification of this effect. Based on field campaigns reporting higher thermal conductivities and densities for the tundra snowpack than for taiga snow, two distributions of near-equilibrium soil carbon stocks are computed, one relying on uniform snow thermal properties and the other using ecosystem-differentiated snow thermal properties. Those modeled distributions strongly depend on soil temperature through decomposition processes. Considering higher insulation by snow in taiga areas induces warmer soil temperatures by up to 12 K in winter at 50 cm depth. This warmer soil signal persists over summer with a temperature difference of up to 4 K at 50 cm depth, especially in areas exhibiting a thick, enduring snow cover. These thermal changes have implications on the modeled soil carbon stocks, which are reduced by 8% in the pan-Arctic continental area when the vegetation-induced variations of snow thermal properties are accounted for. This is the result of diverse and spatially heterogeneous ecosystem processes: where higher soil temperatures lift nitrogen limitation on plant productivity, tree plant functional types thrive whereas light limitation and enhanced water stress are the new constrains on lower vegetation, resulting in a reduced net productivity at the pan-Arctic scale. Concomitantly, higher soil temperatures yield increased respiration rates (+22% over the study area) and result in reduced permafrost extent and deeper active layers which expose greater volumes of soil to microbial decomposition. The three effects combine to produce lower soil carbon stocks in the pan-Arctic terrestrial area. Our study highlights the role of snow in combination with vegetation in shaping the distribution of soil carbon and permafrost at high latitudes.
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Programme |
1042 |
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2156-2202 |
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yes |
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4154 |
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