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Author |
Fonteneau Frédéric, Geiger Sylvie, Marion Loïc, Le Maho Yvon, Robin Jean-Patrice, Kinsella John, |
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Title |
Gastrointestinal helminths of King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) at Crozet Archipelago
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Polar Biol. |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue  |
8 |
Pages |
1249-1252 |
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Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences, |
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Abstract |
Communities of helminths are known to be related to feeding behaviors of hosts. While climate change and overfishing can impact food availability for Antarctic piscivorous predators, knowledge about infectious and parasitic diseases among Antarctic species is scarce or fragmentary. We studied the helminth community of King penguins ( Aptenodytes patagonicus ) from the Crozet Archipelago, the main breeding area of the species. Based on a sample of 41 individuals found freshly dead from predation or starvation, the gastrointestinal helminth community in King penguins was composed of 1 species of cestode ( Tetrabothrius wrighti ) and 2 species of nematodes ( Tetrameres wetzeli and Contracaecum heardi ). Cestodes formed the core of the helminth community (97.5% of worms collected) with a prevalence of infestation of 100% and a mean intensity of 178.6 worms per host. Sources of infestation and pathologies caused by these worms are also discussed. |
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119 |
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Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
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0722-4060 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3803 |
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Author |
Verrier Delphine, Atkinson Shannon, Guinet Christophe, Groscolas René, Arnould John P Y, |
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Title |
Hormonal responses to extreme fasting in subantarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis) pups
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
American Journal of Physiology – Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. |
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Volume |
302 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
R929 -R940 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Surviving prolonged fasting implies closely regulated alterations in fuel provisioning to meet metabolic requirements, while preserving homeostasis. Little is known, however, of the endocrine regulations governing such metabolic adaptations in naturally fasting free-ranging animals. The hormonal responses to natural prolonged fasting and how they correlate to the metabolic adaptations observed, were investigated in subantarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis) pups, which, because of the intermittent pattern of maternal attendance, repeatedly endure exceptionally long fasting episodes throughout their development (13 mo). Phase I fasting was characterized by a dramatic decrease in plasma insulin, glucagon, leptin, and total l-thyroxine (T4) associated with reductions in mass-specific resting metabolic rate (RMR), plasma triglycerides, glycerol, and urea-to-creatine ratio, while nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and -OHB increased. In contrast, the metabolic steady-state of phase II fasting reached within 6 days was associated with minimal concentrations of insulin, glucagon, and leptin; unchanged cortisol and triiodothyronine (T3); and moderately increased T4. The early fall in insulin and leptin may mediate the shift to the strategy of energy conservation, protein sparing, and primary reliance on body lipids observed in response to the cessation of feeding. In contrast to the typical mammalian starvation response, nonelevated cortisol and minimal glucagon levels may contribute to body protein preservation and downregulation of catabolic pathways, in general. Furthermore, thyroid hormones may be involved in a process of energy conservation, independent of pups' nutritional state. These original hormonal settings might reflect an adaptation to the otariid repeated fasting pattern and emphasize the crucial importance of a tight physiological control over metabolism to survive extreme energetic constraints.
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109 |
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0363-6119 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3904 |
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Author |
Fund F, Perosanz F, Testut L, Loyer S, |
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Title |
An Integer Precise Point Positioning technique for sea surface observations using a GPS buoy
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Advances in Space Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Adv Space Res |
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Volume |
51 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1311-1322 |
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Keywords |
GPS, Ambiguity fixing, Tropospheric delays, Buoy, Radar gauge, |
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Abstract |
GPS data dedicated to sea surface observation are usually processed using differential techniques. Unfortunately, the precision of resulting kinematic positions is baseline-length dependent. So, high precision sea surface observations using differential GPS techniques are limited to coasts, lakes, and rivers. Recent improvements in GPS satellite products (orbits, clocks, and phase biases) make phase ambiguity fixing at the zero difference level achievable and opens up the observation of the sea surface without geographical constraints. This paper recalls the concept of the Integer Precise Point Positioning technique and discusses the precision of GPS buoy positioning. A sequential version of the GINS software has been implemented to achieve single epoch GPS positioning. We used 1 Hz data from a two week GPS campaign conducted in the Kerguelen Islands. A GPS buoy has been moored close to a radar gauge and 90 m away from a permanent GPS station. This infrastructure offers the opportunity to compare both kinematic Integer Precise Point Positioning and classical differential GPS positioning techniques to in situ radar gauge data. We found that Precise Point Positioning results are not significantly biased with respect to radar gauge data and that horizontal time series are consistent with differential processing at the sub-centimetre precision level. Nevertheless, standard deviations of height time series with respect to radar gauge data are typically [45] cm. The dominant driver for noise at this level is attributed to errors in tropospheric estimates which propagate into position solutions. |
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Programme |
688 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0273-1177 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4159 |
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Author |
Verrier Delphine, Atkinson Shannon, Guinet Christophe, Groscolas René, Arnould John P Y, |
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Title |
Hormonal responses to extreme fasting in subantarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis) pups
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
American Journal of Physiology – Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. |
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Volume |
302 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
R929 -R940 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Surviving prolonged fasting implies closely regulated alterations in fuel provisioning to meet metabolic requirements, while preserving homeostasis. Little is known, however, of the endocrine regulations governing such metabolic adaptations in naturally fasting free-ranging animals. The hormonal responses to natural prolonged fasting and how they correlate to the metabolic adaptations observed, were investigated in subantarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis) pups, which, because of the intermittent pattern of maternal attendance, repeatedly endure exceptionally long fasting episodes throughout their development (13 mo). Phase I fasting was characterized by a dramatic decrease in plasma insulin, glucagon, leptin, and total l-thyroxine (T4) associated with reductions in mass-specific resting metabolic rate (RMR), plasma triglycerides, glycerol, and urea-to-creatine ratio, while nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and -OHB increased. In contrast, the metabolic steady-state of phase II fasting reached within 6 days was associated with minimal concentrations of insulin, glucagon, and leptin; unchanged cortisol and triiodothyronine (T3); and moderately increased T4. The early fall in insulin and leptin may mediate the shift to the strategy of energy conservation, protein sparing, and primary reliance on body lipids observed in response to the cessation of feeding. In contrast to the typical mammalian starvation response, nonelevated cortisol and minimal glucagon levels may contribute to body protein preservation and downregulation of catabolic pathways, in general. Furthermore, thyroid hormones may be involved in a process of energy conservation, independent of pups' nutritional state. These original hormonal settings might reflect an adaptation to the otariid repeated fasting pattern and emphasize the crucial importance of a tight physiological control over metabolism to survive extreme energetic constraints.
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Programme |
119 |
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ISSN |
0363-6119 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4186 |
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Author |
Vacquié-Garcia Jade, Royer François, Dragon Anne-Cécile, Viviant Morgane, Bailleul Frédéric, Guinet Christophe, |
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Title |
Foraging in the Darkness of the Southern Ocean: Influence of Bioluminescence on a Deep Diving Predator
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
e43565 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
109 |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4261 |
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Author |
Cottin Manuelle, Raymond Ben, Kato Akiko, Amélineau Françoise, Maho Yvon Le, Raclot Thierry, Galton-Fenzi Ben, Meijers Andrew, Ropert-Coudert Yan, |
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Title |
Foraging strategies of male Adélie penguins during their first incubation trip in relation to environmental conditions
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
MARINE BIOLOGY |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
159 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1843-1852 |
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Keywords |
Freshwater & Marine Ecology, Marine & Freshwater Sciences, Microbiology, Oceanography, Zoology, |
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Abstract |
Knowledge of habitat use by top marine predators in response to environmental conditions is crucial in the current context of global changes occurring in the Southern Ocean. We examined the at-sea locations of male Ad,lie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) breeding at Dumont d'Urville during their first, long incubation trip. Compared with the chick-rearing period, penguins performed longer trips, going to oceanic waters as far as 320 km from the colony. We observed 3 strategies: (1) five individuals covered large distances to the north, targeting open-ocean areas and following the currents of two persistent eddies; (2) five individuals foraged to the north-west, close to the Antarctic shelf slope at the limit of the pack ice; and (3) three individuals covered much shorter distances (northwards or eastwards). The foraging range also seemed to be limited by the body condition of the penguins before their departure to sea. |
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Programme |
1091 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0025-3162 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4285 |
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Author |
Lecointre Guillaume, Améziane Nadia, Boisselier Marie-Catherine, Bonillo Céline, Busson Frédéric, Causse Romain, Chenuil Anne, Couloux Arnaud, Coutanceau Jean-Pierre, Cruaud Corinne, d'Acoz Cédric d'Udekem, De Ridder Chantal, Denys Gael, Dettaï Agnès, Duhamel Guy, Eléaume Marc, Féral Jean-Pierre, Gallut Cyril, Havermans Charlotte, Held Christoph, Hemery Lenaïg, Lautrédou Anne-Claire, Martin Patrick, Ozouf-Costaz Catherine, Pierrat Benjamin, Pruvost Patrice, Puillandre Nicolas, Samadi Sarah, Saucède Thomas, Schubart Christoph, David Bruno, |
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Title |
Is the Species Flock Concept Operational? The Antarctic Shelf Case
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
1932-6203 |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
e68787 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1044;1124 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4307 |
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Author |
Laparie M, Renault D, Lebouvier M, Delattre T, |
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Title |
Is dispersal promoted at the invasion front? Morphological analysis of a ground beetle invading the Kerguelen Islands, Merizodus soledadinus (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. Invasions |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1641-1648 |
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Keywords |
Biological invasion, Body size evolution, Developmental Biology, Dispersal syndrome, Ecology, Freshwater & Marine Ecology, Insect, Invasion succession, Plant Sciences, Sub-Antarctic islands, |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
136 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1387-3547 |
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yes |
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Serial |
4391 |
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Author |
Thiebot Jean-Baptiste, Cherel Yves, Crawford Robert J M, Makhado Azwianewi B, Trathan Philip N, Pinaud David, Bost Charles-André, |
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Title |
A Space Oddity: Geographic and Specific Modulation of Migration in Eudyptes Penguins
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Post-breeding migration in land-based marine animals is thought to offset seasonal deterioration in foraging or other important environmental conditions at the breeding site. However the inter-breeding distribution of such animals may reflect not only their optimal habitat, but more subtle influences on an individual’s migration path, including such factors as the intrinsic influence of each locality’s paleoenvironment, thereby influencing animals’ wintering distribution. In this study we investigated the influence of the regional marine environment on the migration patterns of a poorly known, but important seabird group. We studied the inter-breeding migration patterns in three species of Eudyptes penguins (E. chrysolophus, E. filholi and E. moseleyi), the main marine prey consumers amongst the World’s seabirds. Using ultra-miniaturized logging devices (light-based geolocators) and satellite tags, we tracked 87 migrating individuals originating from 4 sites in the southern Indian Ocean (Marion, Crozet, Kerguelen and Amsterdam Islands) and modelled their wintering habitat using the MADIFA niche modelling technique. For each site, sympatric species followed a similar compass bearing during migration with consistent species-specific latitudinal shifts. Within each species, individuals breeding on different islands showed contrasting migration patterns but similar winter habitat preferences driven by sea-surface temperatures. Our results show that inter-breeding migration patterns in sibling penguin species depend primarily on the site of origin and secondly on the species. Such site-specific migration bearings, together with similar wintering habitat used by parapatrics, support the hypothesis that migration behaviour is affected by the intrinsic characteristics of each site. The paleo-oceanographic conditions (primarily, sea-surface temperatures) when the populations first colonized each of these sites may have been an important determinant of subsequent migration patterns. Based on previous chronological schemes of taxonomic radiation and geographical expansion of the genus Eudyptes, we propose a simple scenario to depict the chronological onset of contrasting migration patterns within this penguin group. |
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Programme |
394 |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4481 |
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Author |
Genthon Christophe, Six Delphine, Gallée Hubert, Grigioni Paolo, Pellegrini Andrea, |
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Title |
Two years of atmospheric boundary layer observations on a 45-m tower at Dome C on the Antarctic plateau
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
118 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
3218-3232 |
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Keywords |
3307 Boundary layer processes, 3329 Mesoscale meteorology, 3349 Polar meteorology, 3394 Instruments and techniques, 9310 Antarctica, Antarctica, Boundary layer processes, Mesoscale meteorology, Polar meteorology, |
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Abstract |
The lower atmospheric boundary layer at Dome C on the Antarctic plateau has been continuously monitored along a 45-m tower since 2009. Two years of observations (2009 and 2010) are presented. A strong diurnal cycle is observed near the surface in summer but almost disappears at the top of the tower, indicating that the summer nocturnal inversion is very shallow. Very steep inversions reaching almost 1°C m-1 on average along the tower are observed in winter. They are stronger and more frequent during the colder 2010 winter, reaching a maximum in a layer ~10-15 m above the surface. Winter temperature is characterized by strong synoptic variability. An extreme warm event occurred in July 2009. The temperature reached -30°C, typical of mid-summer weather. Meteorological analyses which agree with the observations near the surface confirm that heat is propagated downward from higher elevations. A high total water column indicates moist air masses aloft originating from the lower latitudes. The coldest temperatures and strongest inversions are associated with characteristic synoptic patterns and a particularly dry atmosphere. Measurement of moisture in the clean and cold Antarctic plateau atmosphere is a challenging task. Supersaturations are very likely but are not revealed by the observations. This is possibly an instrumental artifact that would affect other moisture measurements made in similar conditions. In spite of this, such observations offer a stringent test of the robustness of the polar boundary layer in meteorological and climate models, addressing a major concern raised in the IPCC 2007 report. |
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1013 |
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ISSN |
2169-8996 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4488 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
