| Records |
| Author |
Dégletagne Cyril, Roussel Damien, Rouanet Jean Louis, Baudimont Fanny, Moureaux Elodie-Marie, Harvey Steve, Duchamp Claude, Le Maho Yvon, Raccurt Mireille, |
| Title |
Growth Prior to Thermogenesis for a Quick Fledging of Adélie Penguin Chicks (Pygoscelis adeliae)
|
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PLoS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
8 |
Issue  |
9 |
Pages |
e74154- |
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
The evolutionary trade-off between tissue growth and mature function restricts the post natal development of polar birds. The present study uses an original integrative approach as it includes gene expression, plus biochemical and physiological analysis to investigate how Adélie penguin chicks achieve a rapid growth despite the energetic constraints linked to the cold and the very short breeding season in Antarctica. In pectoralis muscle, the main thermogenic tissue in birds, our data show that the transition from ectothermy to endothermy on Day 15 post- hatching is associated with substantial and coordinated changes in the transcription of key genes. While the early activation of genes controlling cell growth and differentiation (avGHR, avIGF-1R, T3Rβ) is rapidly down-regulated after hatching, the global increase in the relative expression of genes involved in thermoregulation (avUCP, avANT, avLPL) and transcriptional regulation (avPGC1α, avT3Rβ) underlie the muscular acquisition of oxidative metabolism. Adélie chicks only become real endotherms at 15 days of age with the development of an oxidative muscle phenotype and the ability to shiver efficiently. The persistent muscular expression of IGF-1 throughout growth probably acts as a local mediator to adjust muscle size and its oxidative capacity to anticipate the new physiological demands of future Dives in cold water. The up-regulation of T3Rβ mRNA levels suggests that circulating T3 may play an important role in the late maturation of skeletal muscle by reinforcing, at least in part, the paracrine action of IGF-1. From day 30, the metabolic shift from mixed substrate to lipid metabolism, with the markedly increased mRNA levels of muscle avLPL, avANT and avUCP, suggests the late development of a fatty acid-enhanced muscle non-shivering thermogenesis mechanism. This molecular control is the key to this finely-tuned strategy by which the Adélie penguin chick successfully heads for the sea on schedule. |
| Programme |
131 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Public Library of Science |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1932-6203 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4681 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
| Author |
Stefanie Kaiser, Simone N. Brandão, Saskia Brix, David K. A. Barnes, David A. Bowden, Jeroen Ingels, Florian Leese, Stefano Schiaparelli, Claudia P. Arango, Renuka Badhe, Narissa Bax, Magdalena Blazewicz-Paszkowycz, Angelika Brandt, Nils Brenke, Ana I. Catarino, Bruno David, Chantal De Ridder, Philippe Dubois, Kari E. Ellingsen, Adrian G. Glover, Huw J. Griffiths, Julian Gutt, Kenneth M. Halanych, Charlotte Havermans, Christoph Held, Dorte Janussen, Anne-Nina Lörz, David A. Pearce, Benjamin Pierrat, Torben Riehl, Armin Rose, Chester J. Sands, Anna Soler-Membrives, Myriam Schüller, Jan M. Strugnell, Ann Vanreusel, Gritta Veit-Köhler, Nerida G. Wilson, Moriaki Yasuhara |
| Title |
Patterns, processes and vulnerability of Southern Ocean benthos: a decadal leap in knowledge and understanding
|
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
MARINE BIOLOGY |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mar. Biol. |
| Volume |
160 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
2295-2317- |
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
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| Programme |
1124 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0025-3162 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
|
Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4836 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
| Author |
Pieterse G, Krol M C, Batenburg A M, M Brenninkmeijer C A, Popa M E, O'Doherty S, Grant A, Steele L P, Krummel P B, Langenfelds R L, Wang H J, Vermeulen A T, Schmidt M, Yver C, Jordan A, Engel A, Fisher R E, Lowry D, Nisbet E G, Reimann S, Vollmer M K, Steinbacher M, Hammer S, Forster G, Sturges W T, Röckmann T, |
| Title |
Reassessing the variability in atmospheric H2 using the two-way nested TM5 model
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Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
| Volume |
118 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
3764-3780 |
| Keywords |
Hydrogen isotopes, Molecular hydrogen, Chemical Transport Model, Tropospheric budget, Dry deposition, Sources and sinks, 0368 Troposphere: constituent transport and chemistry, 0365 Troposphere: composition and chemistry, 0322 Constituent sources and sinks, 0315 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions, 0317 Chemical kinetic and photochemical properties, |
| Abstract |
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| Programme |
416 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
2169-8996 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
4839 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
| Author |
Ferrari Ramiro, Provost Christine, Park Young-Hyang, Sennéchael Nathalie, Koenig Zoé, Sekma Hela, Garric Gilles, Bourdallé-Badie Romain, |
| Title |
Heat fluxes across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in Drake Passage: Mean flow and eddy contributions
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Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
119 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
6381-6402 |
| Keywords |
Antarctic Circumpolar Current, heat fluxes, Drake Passage, current meter moorings, high-resolution model, 4532 General circulation, |
| Abstract |
In contrast to a long-standing belief, observations in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) show that mean velocity vectors rotate with depth, thus suggesting a possible importance of the time-mean flow for the local poleward heat transport. The respective contributions of the eddy and mean flows to the heat flux across the ACC in Drake Passage (DP) are investigated using recently acquired and historical time series of velocity and temperature from a total of 24 current meter moorings and outputs of a high-resolution (1/12°) model with realistic topography. Only 11 out of the 24 depth-integrated eddy heat flux estimates are found to be significant, and they are poleward. Model depth-integrated eddy heat fluxes have similar signs and amplitudes as the in situ estimates at the mooring sites. They are mostly poleward or nonsignificant, with amplitude decreasing to the south. The cross-stream temperature fluxes caused by the mean flow at the moorings have a sign that varies with location and corresponds to the opposite of the vertical velocity estimates. The depth-integrated temperature fluxes due to the mean flow in the model exhibit small spatial scales and are of opposite sign to the bottom vertical velocities. This suggests that the rotation of the mean velocity vectors with depth is mainly due to bottom topography. The rough hilly topography in DP likely promotes the small-scale vertical velocities and temperature fluxes. Eddy heat fluxes and cross-stream temperature fluxes are integrated over mass-balanced regions defined by the model transport streamlines. The contribution of the mean flow to the ocean heat fluxes across the Southern ACC Front in DP (covering about 4% of the circumpolar longitudes) is about four times as large as the eddy heat flux contribution and the sum of the two represent on the order of 10% of the heat loss to the atmosphere south of 60°S.
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| Programme |
1061 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
2169-9291 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
5602 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
| Author |
Pansu Johan, Winkworth Richard C, Hennion Françoise, Gielly Ludovic, Taberlet Pierre, Choler Philippe, |
| Title |
Long-lasting modification of soil fungal diversity associated with the introduction of rabbits to a remote sub-Antarctic archipelago.
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Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Biology letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. Lett. |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
20150408-20150408 |
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
During the late nineteenth century, Europeans introduced rabbits to many of the sub-Antarctic islands, environments that prior to this had been devoid of mammalian herbivores. The impacts of rabbits on indigenous ecosystems are well studied; notably, they cause dramatic changes in plant communities and promote soil erosion. However, the responses of fungal communities to such biotic disturbances remain unexplored. We used metabarcoding of soil extracellular DNA to assess the diversity of plant and fungal communities at sites on the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands with contrasting histories of disturbance by rabbits. Our results suggest that on these islands, the simplification of plant communities and increased erosion resulting from the introduction of rabbits have driven compositional changes, including diversity reductions, in indigenous soil fungal communities. Moreover, there is no indication of recovery at sites from which rabbits were removed 20 years ago. These results imply that introduced herbivores have long-lasting and multifaceted effects on fungal biodiversity as well as highlight the low resiliency of sub-Antarctic ecosystems.
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| Programme |
136,1116 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1744-9561 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
6114 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
| Author |
Thiebot Jean-Baptiste, Bost Charles-André, Dehnhard Nina, Demongin Laurent, Eens Marcel, Lepoint Gilles, Cherel Yves, Poisbleau Maud, |
| Title |
Mates but not sexes differ in migratory niche in a monogamous penguin species
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Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Biology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
20150429-20150429 |
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
Strong pair bonds generally increase fitness in monogamous organisms, but may also underlie the risk of hampering it when re-pairing fails after the winter season. We investigated whether partners would either maintain contact or offset this risk by exploiting sex-specific favourable niches during winter in a migratory monogamous seabird, the southern rockhopper penguin Eudyptes chrysocome. Using light-based geolocation, we show that although the spatial distribution of both sexes largely overlapped, pair-wise mates were located on average 595 {+/-} 260 km (and up to 2500 km) apart during winter. Stable isotope data also indicated a marked overlap between sex-specific isotopic niches ({delta}13C and{delta} 15N values) but a segregation of the feeding habitats ({delta}13C values) within pairs. Importantly, the tracked females remained longer (12 days) at sea than males, but all re-mated with their previous partners after winter. Our study provides multiple evidence that migratory species may well demonstrate pair-wise segregation even in the absence of sex-specific winter niches (spatial and isotopic). We suggest that dispersive migration patterns with sex-biased timings may be a sufficient proximal cause for generating such a situation in migratory animals.
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| Programme |
394 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1744-9561 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
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| Area |
|
Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
6236 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
| Author |
Louise Day, Joffrey Jouma'a, Julien Bonnel, Christophe Guinet |
| Title |
Acoustic measurements of post-dive cardiac responses in southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) during surfacing at sea |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
220 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1626-1633 |
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
Skip to Next Section Measuring physiological data in free-ranging marine mammals remains challenging, owing to their far-ranging foraging habitat. Yet, it is important to understand how these divers recover from effort expended underwater, as marine mammals can perform deep and recurrent dives. Among them, southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) are one of the most extreme divers, diving continuously at great depth and for long duration while travelling over large distances within the Southern Ocean. To determine how they manage post-dive recovery, we deployed hydrophones on four post-breeding female southern elephant seals. Cardiac data were extracted from sound recordings when the animal was at the surface, breathing. Mean heart rate at the surface was 102.4±4.9 beats min−1 and seals spent on average 121±20 s breathing. During these surface intervals, the instantaneous heart rate increased with time. Elephant seals are assumed to drastically slow their heart rate (bradycardia) while they are deep underwater, and increase it (tachycardia) during the ascent towards the surface. Our finding suggests that tachycardia continues while the animal stays breathing at the surface. Also, the measured mean heart rate at the surface was unrelated to the duration and swimming effort of the dive prior to the surface interval. Recovery (at the surface) after physical effort (underwater) appears to be related to the overall number of heart beats performed at the surface, and therefore total surface duration. Southern elephant seals recover from dives by adjusting the time spent at the surface rather than their heart rate. |
| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0022-0949, 1477-9145 |
ISBN |
0022-0949, 1477-9145 |
Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6638 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Jeanniard‐du‐Dot Tiphaine, Trites Andrew W., Arnould John P. Y., Speakman John R., Guinet Christophe |
| Title |
Activity‐specific metabolic rates for diving, transiting, and resting at sea can be estimated from time–activity budgets in free‐ranging marine mammals |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
2969-2976 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
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| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
2045-7758 |
ISBN |
2045-7758 |
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
6642 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
| Author |
Louise Day, Joffrey Jouma'a, Julien Bonnel, Christophe Guinet |
| Title |
Acoustic measurements of post-dive cardiac responses in southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) during surfacing at sea |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
220 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1626-1633 |
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
Skip to Next Section Measuring physiological data in free-ranging marine mammals remains challenging, owing to their far-ranging foraging habitat. Yet, it is important to understand how these divers recover from effort expended underwater, as marine mammals can perform deep and recurrent dives. Among them, southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) are one of the most extreme divers, diving continuously at great depth and for long duration while travelling over large distances within the Southern Ocean. To determine how they manage post-dive recovery, we deployed hydrophones on four post-breeding female southern elephant seals. Cardiac data were extracted from sound recordings when the animal was at the surface, breathing. Mean heart rate at the surface was 102.4±4.9 beats min−1 and seals spent on average 121±20 s breathing. During these surface intervals, the instantaneous heart rate increased with time. Elephant seals are assumed to drastically slow their heart rate (bradycardia) while they are deep underwater, and increase it (tachycardia) during the ascent towards the surface. Our finding suggests that tachycardia continues while the animal stays breathing at the surface. Also, the measured mean heart rate at the surface was unrelated to the duration and swimming effort of the dive prior to the surface interval. Recovery (at the surface) after physical effort (underwater) appears to be related to the overall number of heart beats performed at the surface, and therefore total surface duration. Southern elephant seals recover from dives by adjusting the time spent at the surface rather than their heart rate. |
| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0022-0949, 1477-9145 |
ISBN |
0022-0949, 1477-9145 |
Medium |
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| Area |
|
Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
7157 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
| Author |
Tiphaine Jeanniard‐du‐Dot, Andrew W. Trites, John P. Y. Arnould, John R. Speakman, Christophe Guinet |
| Title |
Activity-specific metabolic rates for diving, transiting, and resting at sea can be estimated from time–activity budgets in free-ranging marine mammals |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
2969-2976 |
| Keywords |
Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella Callorhinus ursinus diving energy expenditure foraging metabolic rate northern fur seal time–activity budget |
| Abstract |
Time and energy are the two most important currencies in animal bioenergetics. How much time animals spend engaged in different activities with specific energetic costs ultimately defines their likelihood of surviving and successfully reproducing. However, it is extremely difficult to determine the energetic costs of independent activities for free-ranging animals. In this study, we developed a new method to calculate activity-specific metabolic rates, and applied it to female fur seals. We attached biologgers (that recorded GPS locations, depth profiles, and triaxial acceleration) to 12 northern (Callorhinus ursinus) and 13 Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella), and used a hierarchical decision tree algorithm to determine time allocation between diving, transiting, resting, and performing slow movements at the surface (grooming, etc.). We concomitantly measured the total energy expenditure using the doubly-labelled water method. We used a general least-square model to establish the relationship between time–activity budgets and the total energy spent by each individual during their foraging trip to predict activity-specific metabolic rates. Results show that both species allocated similar time to diving ( 29%), transiting to and from their foraging grounds ( 26–30%), and resting ( 8–11%). However, Antarctic fur seals spent significantly more time grooming and moving slowly at the surface than northern fur seals (36% vs. 29%). Diving was the most expensive activity ( 30 MJ/day if done non-stop for 24 hr), followed by transiting at the surface ( 21 MJ/day). Interestingly, metabolic rates were similar between species while on land or while slowly moving at the surface ( 13 MJ/day). Overall, the average field metabolic rate was 20 MJ/day (for all activities combined). The method we developed to calculate activity-specific metabolic rates can be applied to terrestrial and marine species to determine the energetic costs of daily activities, as well as to predict the energetic consequences for animals forced to change their time allocations in response to environmental shifts. |
| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2045-7758 |
ISBN |
2045-7758 |
Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
7163 |
| Permanent link to this record |
