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Author Alexandra Lavrillier, Semen Gabyshev, Liudmila Egorova, Galina Makarova, Maia Lomovtseva-Adukanova doi  openurl
  Title Analysing Non-Existent and Existing Tourisms in Eastern Siberia among the Evenki, Even, Koryak and Itelmen Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Espace populations sociétés. Space populations societies Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) 2020/3-2021/1 Pages  
  Keywords changement culturel communautés autochtones economies Even Evenk invention de la tradition Itelmen Koriak nomades Russie Sibérie Tourisme  
  Abstract Depuis l'effondrement de l'Union soviétique, les villageois et les nomades autochtones sibériens ont souvent eu du mal à subvenir à leurs besoins. Certains natifs pensent que l'ethno-tourisme peut être une source de revenus, mais il y a actuellement peu de tourisme en Sibérie. Dans l'Arctique circumpolaire, le tourisme est présenté comme une source de croissance économique. Le Plan Officiel de Développement Economique de la Fédération de Russie à l'Horizon 2030 vise également le développement du tourisme et, à cette fin, la Russie mobilise des équipes spécialisées. Quelles seront les conséquences économiques, sociales et culturelles pour les communautés autochtones? Quelles formes de tourisme leur seraient bénéfiques ? Quelles perceptions les autochtones de Sibérie ont-ils du tourisme ?Cet article transdisciplinaire compare le tourisme inexistant, tel qu'il est imaginé, souhaité ou déploré par les citadins, les villageois, les éleveurs nomades autochtones de la République Sakha-Yakoutie et de la région de l'Amour, avec diverses expériences d’ethno-tourisme existants au Kamtchatka. Basé sur des données ethnographiques recueillies entre 1994 et 2016, l'article a utilisé les méthodes de terrains participatifs et de l’anthropologie classique, et des mises en hypothèses effectuées par des co-chercheurs autochtones et un anthropologue. Il analyse les aspects économiques, sociaux, culturels et administratifs des tourismes existants et non existants.  
  Programme 1127  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0755-7809 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6582  
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Author Armelle Decaulne, Najat Bhiry, Janie Faucher-Roy, Clara Pelletier Boily doi  openurl
  Title The development of Kangiqsualujjuaq and the threat of snow avalanches in a permafrost degradation context, Nunavik, Canada Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Espace populations sociétés. Space populations societies Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) 2020/3-2021/1 Pages  
  Keywords active layer Canada demographic growth Nordic village slopes snow avalanches  
  Abstract Slope processes are active in the rolling plateau landscapes of Nunavik, Northern Québec, Canada. There are a few short but very steep escarpments in this region. On January 1st, 1999 a powerful snow avalanche struck Kangiqsualujjuaq, one of the 14 Inuit villages in Nunavik. Nine people died and 25 were injured. This village and its surrounding are located within a glacial valley, in a periglacial environment. There is significant population growth, as well as in the other villages in Nunavik. As early as 1999-2000, there was a significant spatial reorganization of the village's infrastructures to avoid the impact of other snow-avalanche events. The main objective of this paper is to examine the village expansion in response to snow-avalanche process and population growth, within an area constrained with permafrost thawing and steep slopes. From naturalist geomorphologic methods, written sources such as archive documents and aerial photographs, the results show that slopes above Kangiqsualujjuaq are prone to release snow avalanches during blizzards from uncommon directions, and that the newly built housing may be at risk in some places, due to the conjunction of snow avalanches and permafrost thawing.  
  Programme 1148  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0755-7809 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8423  
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Author Marina Renedo, David Amouroux, Céline Albert, Sylvain Bérail, Vegard S. Bråthen, Maria Gavrilo, David Grémillet, Hálfdán H. Helgason, Dariusz Jakubas, Anders Mosbech, Hallvard Strøm, Emmanuel Tessier, Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Paco Bustamante, Jérôme Fort doi  openurl
  Title Contrasting Spatial and Seasonal Trends of Methylmercury Exposure Pathways of Arctic Seabirds: Combination of Large-Scale Tracking and Stable Isotopic Approaches Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Environmental Science & Technology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 54 Issue (up) 21 Pages 13619-13629  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Despite the limited direct anthropogenic mercury (Hg) inputs in the circumpolar Arctic, elevated concentrations of methylmercury (MeHg) are accumulated in Arctic marine biota. However, the MeHg production and bioaccumulation pathways in these ecosystems have not been completely unraveled. We measured Hg concentrations and stable isotope ratios of Hg, carbon, and nitrogen in the feathers and blood of geolocator-tracked little auk Alle alle from five Arctic breeding colonies. The wide-range spatial mobility and tissue-specific Hg integration times of this planktivorous seabird allowed the exploration of their spatial (wintering quarters/breeding grounds) and seasonal (nonbreeding/breeding periods) MeHg exposures. An east-to-west increase of head feather Hg concentrations (1.74–3.48 μg·g–1) was accompanied by significant spatial trends of Hg isotope (particularly Δ199Hg: 0.96–1.13‰) and carbon isotope (δ13C: −20.6 to −19.4‰) ratios. These trends suggest a distinct mixing/proportion of MeHg sources between western North Atlantic and eastern Arctic regions. Higher Δ199Hg values (+0.4‰) in northern colonies indicate an accumulation of more photochemically impacted MeHg, supporting shallow MeHg production and bioaccumulation in high Arctic waters. The combination of seabird tissue isotopic analysis and spatial tracking helps in tracing the MeHg sources at various spatio-temporal scales.  
  Programme 388  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0013-936X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8023  
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Author Alexander Kokhanovsky, Simon Gascoin, Laurent Arnaud, Ghislain Picard doi  openurl
  Title Retrieval of Snow Albedo and Total Ozone Column from Single-View MSI/S-2 Spectral Reflectance Measurements over Antarctica Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Remote Sensing Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 13 Issue (up) 21 Pages 4404  
  Keywords albedo inverse problems light scattering radiative transfer snow snow grain size  
  Abstract We proposed a simple algorithm to retrieve the total ozone column and snow properties (spectral albedo and effective light absorption path) using the high spatial resolution single–view MSI/S-2 measurements over Antarctica. In addition, the algorithm allows the retrieval of the snow grain size on a scale of 10–20 m. This algorithm should be useful for the understanding of intra-pixel total ozone and snow albedo variability in complement to satellite observations performed on a much coarser spatial resolution scale (0.3–1 km and even larger spatial scales).  
  Programme 1110  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2072-4292 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8305  
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Author Daniel C. Jones, Filipe R. Ceia, Eugene Murphy, Karine Delord, Robert W. Furness, Ariane Verdy, Matthew Mazloff, Richard A. Phillips, Paul M. Sagar, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Ben Schreiber, David R. Thompson, Leigh G. Torres, Philip J. Underwood, Henri Weimerskirch, José C. Xavier doi  openurl
  Title Untangling local and remote influences in two major petrel habitats in the oligotrophic Southern Ocean Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Global Change Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 27 Issue (up) 22 Pages 5773-5785  
  Keywords Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) biogeography conservation grey petrels high seas hotspot open ocean primary productivity Procellaria cinerea seabirds  
  Abstract Ocean circulation connects geographically distinct ecosystems across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales via exchanges of physical and biogeochemical properties. Remote oceanographic processes can be especially important for ecosystems in the Southern Ocean, where the Antarctic Circumpolar Current transports properties across ocean basins through both advection and mixing. Recent tracking studies have indicated the existence of two large-scale, open ocean habitats in the Southern Ocean used by grey petrels (Procellaria cinerea) from two populations (i.e., Kerguelen and Antipodes islands) during their nonbreeding season for extended periods during austral summer (i.e., October to February). In this work, we use a novel combination of large-scale oceanographic observations, surface drifter data, satellite-derived primary productivity, numerical adjoint sensitivity experiments, and output from a biogeochemical state estimate to examine local and remote influences on these grey petrel habitats. Our aim is to understand the oceanographic features that control these isolated foraging areas and to evaluate their ecological value as oligotrophic open ocean habitats. We estimate the minimum local primary productivity required to support these populations to be much <1% of the estimated local primary productivity. The region in the southeast Indian Ocean used by the birds from Kerguelen is connected by circulation to the productive Kerguelen shelf. In contrast, the region in the south-central Pacific Ocean used by seabirds from the Antipodes is relatively isolated suggesting it is more influenced by local factors or the cumulative effects of many seasonal cycles. This work exemplifies the potential use of predator distributions and oceanographic data to highlight areas of the open ocean that may be more dynamic and productive than previously thought. Our results highlight the need to consider advective connections between ecosystems in the Southern Ocean and to re-evaluate the ecological relevance of oligotrophic Southern Ocean regions from a conservation perspective.  
  Programme 109  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1365-2486 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8258  
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Author Maurice Hullé, Philippe Vernon doi  openurl
  Title Terrestrial macro-arthropods of the sub-Antarctic islands of Possession (Crozet Archipelago) and Kerguelen: inventory of native and non-native species Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Zoosystema Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 43 Issue (up) 22 Pages 549-561  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The sub-Antarctic islands of the Southern Ocean harbor biogeographically peculiar biotas which are under threat from climate change, biological invasions and their interactions. Understanding both the indigenous and changing non-indigenous components of these islands is essential for the conservation and management of their biotas. Based on several years of systematic sampling, we present an updated list of terrestrial, free-living macro-invertebrates (insects and spiders) present on the islands of Possession (Crozet Archipelago) and Kerguelen. Ninety-four species were recorded in total on both islands. Forty-one are strictly endemic to one of the two islands, 16 are endemic to the South Indian Ocean Province, and only three were recorded on other sub-Antarctic islands. Beetles and more particularly weevils are the most characteristic group of the fauna of these islands: they include 35 species of which 89% are native and 66% are endemic. One third of the species (30 of 94) are non-indigenous species now naturalized. We discuss these results in terms of biogeography, ecological disharmony and impact of biological invasions.  
  Programme 136  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1280-9551, 1638-9387 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8472  
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Author Ryo Okuwaki, Stephen P. Hicks, Timothy J. Craig, Wenyuan Fan, Saskia Goes, Tim J. Wright, Yuji Yagi doi  openurl
  Title Illuminating a Contorted Slab With a Complex Intraslab Rupture Evolution During the 2021 Mw 7.3 East Cape, New Zealand Earthquake Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Geophysical Research Letters Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 48 Issue (up) 24 Pages e2021GL095117  
  Keywords earthquake rupture finite-fault inversion Hikurangi intraslab earthquakes slab geometry source imaging  
  Abstract The state-of-stress within subducting oceanic plates controls rupture processes of deep intraslab earthquakes. However, little is known about how the large-scale plate geometry and the stress regime relate to the physical nature of the deep intraslab earthquakes. Here we find, by using globally and locally observed seismic records, that the moment magnitude 7.3 2021 East Cape, New Zealand earthquake was driven by a combination of shallow trench-normal extension and unexpectedly, deep trench-parallel compression. We find multiple rupture episodes comprising a mixture of reverse, strike-slip, and normal faulting. Reverse faulting due to the trench-parallel compression is unexpected given the apparent subduction direction, so we require a differential buoyancy-driven stress rotation, which contorts the slab near the edge of the Hikurangi plateau. Our finding highlights that buoyant features in subducting plates may cause diverse rupture behavior of intraslab earthquakes due to the resulting heterogeneous stress state within slabs.  
  Programme 133  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1944-8007 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8313  
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Author Helena P. Baird, Seunggwan Shin, Rolf G. Oberprieler, Maurice Hullé, Philippe Vernon, Katherine L. Moon, Richard H. Adams, Duane D. McKenna, Steven L. Chown doi  openurl
  Title Fifty million years of beetle evolution along the Antarctic Polar Front Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 118 Issue (up) 24 Pages  
  Keywords Antarctica herbivory island biogeography paleoclimate species radiation  
  Abstract Global cooling and glacial–interglacial cycles since Antarctica’s isolation have been responsible for the diversification of the region’s marine fauna. By contrast, these same Earth system processes are thought to have played little role terrestrially, other than driving widespread extinctions. Here, we show that on islands along the Antarctic Polar Front, paleoclimatic processes have been key to diversification of one of the world’s most geographically isolated and unique groups of herbivorous beetles—Ectemnorhinini weevils. Combining phylogenomic, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic approaches, we demonstrate that these weevils colonized the sub-Antarctic islands from Africa at least 50 Ma ago and repeatedly dispersed among them. As the climate cooled from the mid-Miocene, diversification of the beetles accelerated, resulting in two species-rich clades. One of these clades specialized to feed on cryptogams, typical of the polar habitats that came to prevail under Miocene conditions yet remarkable as a food source for any beetle. This clade’s most unusual representative is a marine weevil currently undergoing further speciation. The other clade retained the more common weevil habit of feeding on angiosperms, which likely survived glaciation in isolated refugia. Diversification of Ectemnorhinini weevils occurred in synchrony with many other Antarctic radiations, including penguins and notothenioid fishes, and coincided with major environmental changes. Our results thus indicate that geo-climatically driven diversification has progressed similarly for Antarctic marine and terrestrial organisms since the Miocene, potentially constituting a general biodiversity paradigm that should be sought broadly for the region’s taxa.  
  Programme 136  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0027-8424, 1091-6490 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8087  
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Author Benjamin Pohl, Vincent Favier, Jonathan Wille, Danielle G Udy, Tessa R Vance, Julien Pergaud, Niels Dutrievoz, Juliette Blanchet, Christoph Kittel, Charles Amory, Gerhard Krinner, Francis Codron doi  openurl
  Title Relationship Between Weather Regimes and Atmospheric Rivers in East Antarctica Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 126 Issue (up) 24 Pages e2021JD035294  
  Keywords atmospheric rivers East Antarctica snowfall amounts temperature anomalies weather regimes  
  Abstract Here, we define weather regimes in the East Antarctica—Southern Ocean sector based on daily anomalies of 700 hPa geopotential height derived from ERA5 reanalysis during 1979–2018. Most regimes and their preferred transitions depict synoptic-scale disturbances propagating eastwards off the Antarctic coastline. While regime sequences are generally short, their interannual variability is strongly driven by the polarity of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Regime occurrences are then intersected with atmospheric rivers (ARs) detected over the same region and period. ARs are equiprobable throughout the year, but clearly concentrate during regimes associated with a strong atmospheric ridges/blockings on the eastern part of the domain, which act to channel meridional advection of heat and moisture from the lower latitudes towards Antarctica. Both regimes and ARs significantly shape climate variability in Antarctica. Regimes favorable to AR occurrences are associated with anomalously warm and humid conditions in coastal Antarctica and, to a lesser extent, the hinterland parts of the Antarctic plateau. These anomalies are strongly enhanced during AR events, with warmer anomalies and dramatically amplified snowfall amounts. Large-scale conditions favoring AR development are finally explored. They show weak dependency to the SAM, but particularly strong atmospheric ridges/blockings over the Southern Ocean appear as the most favorable pattern, in which ARs can be embedded, and to which they contribute.  
  Programme 411  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2169-8996 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8430  
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Author Charlène Gémard, Thierry Aubin, Eliette L. Reboud, Francesco Bonadonna doi  openurl
  Title Call rate, fundamental frequency, and syntax determine male-call attractiveness in blue petrels Halobaena caerulea Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 75 Issue (up) 3 Pages 55  
  Keywords  
  Abstract In blue petrels (Halobaena caerulea), females are supposed to be particularly choosy and mate choice can take a couple of years. In these lifelong monogamous seabirds, choosing a good mate is crucial and has a strong influence on their fitness. Due to their nocturnal habits, the absence of sexual dimorphism, and the physical barrier between males calling from their burrow and females flying above the colony, vocal signals seem to be one of the main channels for males to communicate with potential mates. In a previous study, we investigated whether acoustic parameters of male calls carry information about morphological characteristics that might be indicators of males’ qualities. Here, we experimentally test whether these acoustic parameters linked to male characteristics are actually attractive to females. To do so, we played back modified calls of males to females in a colony of blue petrels of the Kerguelen archipelago. We found that flying females were more attracted by high-pitched calls, and by calls broadcasted at a high call rate. Previous studies showed a relationship between pitch and bill depth and length. In filter-feeding birds, such as blue petrels, bill morphology influences feeding efficiency. A high call rate is an indicator of sexual motivation and makes the caller easier to locate by potential mates and predators in the hubbub of the colony. We thus hypothesized that producing frequent high-pitched calls appeared to be preferable for a conspicuous sexual signaling although it may increase predation risks.  
  Programme 354  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1432-0762 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7055  
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