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Title |
Taxonomy based on limited genomic markers may underestimate species diversity of rockhopper penguins and threaten their conservation |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Diversity and Distributions |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue  |
11 |
Pages |
2277-2296 |
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Keywords |
Eudyptes genomics rockhopper penguins species delimitation |
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Abstract |
Aim Delimiting recently diverged species is challenging. During speciation, genetic differentiation may be distributed unevenly across the genome, as different genomic regions can be subject to different selective pressures and evolutionary histories. Reliance on limited numbers of genetic markers that may be underpowered can make species delimitation even more challenging, potentially resulting in taxonomic inconsistencies. Rockhopper penguins of the genus Eudyptes comprise three broadly recognized taxa: northern (E. moseleyi), southern (E. chrysocome) and eastern rockhopper (E. filholi). Their taxonomic status has been controversial for decades, with researchers disagreeing about whether E. chrysocome and E. filholi are distinct species or conspecific. Our goal is to evaluate genome-wide patterns of divergence to evaluate genetic differentiation and species delimitation in rockhopper penguins, and to assess which mechanisms may underlie previous discordance among nuclear versus mitochondrial analyses. Location Sub-Antarctic and temperate coastal regions of the Southern Hemisphere. Methods We generated reduced-representation genomic libraries using double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing to evaluate genetic differentiation, contemporary migration rates and admixture among colonies of rockhopper penguins. Results The extent of genetic differentiation among the three taxa was consistently higher than population-level genetic differentiation found within these and other penguin species. There was no evidence of admixture among the three taxa, suggesting the absence of ongoing gene flow among them. Species delimitation analyses based on molecular data, along with other lines of evidence, provide strong support for the taxonomic distinction of three species of rockhopper penguins. Main conclusions Our results provide strong support for the existence of three distinct species of rockhopper penguins. The recognition of this taxonomic diversity is crucial for the management and conservation of this widely distributed species group. This study illustrates that widespread dispersive seabird lineages lacking obvious morphological differences may nevertheless have complex evolutionary histories and comprise cryptic species diversity. |
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1472-4642 |
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8421 |
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Title |
Underwater photogrammetry for close-range 3D imaging of dry-sensitive objects: The case study of cephalopod beaks |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
7730-7742 |
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Keywords |
3D models cephalopod beaks dry-sensitive material micro-CT scanning micro-photogrammetry underwater photogrammetry |
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Abstract |
Technical advances in 3D imaging have contributed to quantifying and understanding biological variability and complexity. However, small, dry-sensitive objects are not easy to reconstruct using common and easily available techniques such as photogrammetry, surface scanning, or micro-CT scanning. Here, we use cephalopod beaks as an example as their size, thickness, transparency, and dry-sensitive nature make them particularly challenging. We developed a new, underwater, photogrammetry protocol in order to add these types of biological structures to the panel of photogrammetric possibilities. We used a camera with a macrophotography mode in a waterproof housing fixed in a tank with clear water. The beak was painted and fixed on a colored rotating support. Three angles of view, two acquisitions, and around 300 pictures per specimen were taken in order to reconstruct a full 3D model. These models were compared with others obtained with micro-CT scanning to verify their accuracy. The models can be obtained quickly and cheaply compared with micro-CT scanning and have sufficient precision for quantitative interspecific morphological analyses. Our work shows that underwater photogrammetry is a fast, noninvasive, efficient, and accurate way to reconstruct 3D models of dry-sensitive objects while conserving their shape. While the reconstruction of the shape is accurate, some internal parts cannot be reconstructed with photogrammetry as they are not visible. In contrast, these structures are visible using reconstructions based on micro-CT scanning. The mean difference between both methods is very small (10?5 to 10?4 mm) and is significantly lower than differences between meshes of different individuals. This photogrammetry protocol is portable, easy-to-use, fast, and reproducible. Micro-CT scanning, in contrast, is time-consuming, expensive, and nonportable. This protocol can be applied to reconstruct the 3D shape of many other dry-sensitive objects such as shells of shellfish, cartilage, plants, and other chitinous materials. |
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2045-7758 |
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8092 |
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Author |
Lara D. Shepherd, Colin M. Miskelly, Yves Cherel, Alan J. D. Tennyson |
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Title |
Genetic identification informs on the distributions of vagrant Royal (Eudyptes schlegeli) and Macaroni (Eudyptes chrysolophus) Penguins |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
2299-2306 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica Eudyptes chrysolophus Eudyptes schlegeli Genetic identification Penguin distribution Predation |
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109 |
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1432-2056 |
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8365 |
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Author |
Yushiro Fujii, Kenji Satake, Shingo Watada, Tung-Cheng Ho |
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2021 |
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Pure and Applied Geophysics |
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178 |
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12 |
Pages |
4777-4796 |
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688 |
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1420-9136 |
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yes |
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8411 |
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Title |
The Marine Vegetation of the Kerguelen Islands: History of Scientific Campaigns, Inventory of the Flora and First Analysis of Its Biogeographical Affinities |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Cryptogamie, Algologie |
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Volume |
42 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
173-216 |
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1044 |
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0181-1568, 1776-0984 |
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yes |
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8440 |
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Title |
The early life of king penguins: ontogeny of dive capacity and foraging behaviour in an expert diver |
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2021 |
Publication |
The Journal of Experimental Biology |
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224 |
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12 |
Pages |
jeb242512 |
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Keywords |
Animals Behavior, Animal Bio-logging Diving Feeding Behavior Foraging proficiency Ontogeny Seabirds Spheniscidae Temperature Wiggles |
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137,394 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1477-9145 |
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8473 |
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Title |
Is the southern crab Halicarcinus planatus (Fabricius, 1775) the next invader of Antarctica? |
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2021 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
15 |
Pages |
3487-3504 |
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Keywords |
climate change establishment niche modelling non-native species reptant crab Southern Ocean survival thermotolerance |
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1044 |
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1365-2486 |
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yes |
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8005 |
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Title |
North Atlantic winter cyclones starve seabirds |
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2021 |
Publication |
Current Biology |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
17 |
Pages |
3964-3971.e3 |
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Keywords |
at-sea distribution cyclones energy expenditure GLS tracking seabird migration seascape ecology |
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330,388 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0960-9822 |
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yes |
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8294 |
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Title |
Water Isotopic Signature of Surface Snow Metamorphism in Antarctica |
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2021 |
Publication |
Geophysical Research Letters |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
17 |
Pages |
e2021GL093382 |
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Keywords |
excess Ice cores metamorhism Paleoclimate water isotopes |
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Abstract |
Water isotope ratios of ice cores are a key source of information on past temperatures. Through fractionation within the hydrological cycle, temperature is imprinted in the water isotopic composition of snowfalls. However, this signal of climatic interest is modified after deposition when snow remains at the surface exposed to the atmosphere. Comparing time series of surface snow isotopic composition at Dome C with satellite observations of surface snow metamorphism, we found that long summer periods without precipitation favor surface snow metamorphism altering the surface snow isotopic composition. Using excess parameters (combining D,17O, and 18O fractions) allow the identification of this alteration caused by sublimation and condensation of surface hoar. The combined measurement of all three isotopic compositions could help identifying ice core sections influenced by snow metamorphism in sites with very low snow accumulation. |
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1110 |
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1944-8007 |
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8306 |
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Author |
Samantha C. Patrick, Julien G. A. Martin, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Alexandre Corbeau, Henri Weimerskirch |
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Title |
Albatrosses respond adaptively to climate variability by changing variance in a foraging trait |
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2021 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
19 |
Pages |
4564-4574 |
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bet-hedging intra-individual variability resource acquisition salt-water immersion logger seabirds Southern Oscillation Index |
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109 |
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1365-2486 |
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8257 |
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