Abstract: Investigating wild animals while minimizing human disturbance remains an important methodological challenge. When approached by a remote-operated vehicle (rover) which can be equipped to make radio-frequency identifications, wild penguins had significantly lower and shorter stress responses (determined by heart rate and behavior) than when approached by humans. Upon immobilization, the rover-unlike humans-did not disorganize colony structure, and stress rapidly ceased. Thus, rovers can reduce human disturbance of wild animals and the resulting scientific bias.
Keywords: Adaptation, Psychological, Animals, Animals, Wild, Behavior, Animal, Heart Rate, Heart Rate: physiology, Human Activities, Humans, Robotics, Spheniscidae, Spheniscidae: physiology, Stress, Physiological,
Programme: 137