Abstract: In this work, we model the polarisation of the auroral red line using the electron impact theory developed by Bommier et al (2011). This theory enables the computation of the distribution of the Degree of Linear Polarisation (DoLP) as function of height if the flux of precipitated electrons is provided as input.\\
An electron transport code is used to infer the stationary electron flux at each altitude in the ionosphere as a function of energy and pitch angle. Using adequate cross sections, the integral of this electron flux over energy and pitch angle provides an anisotropy parameter from which the theoretical local DoLP can be computed at each altitude. The modelled DoLP is then derived by integrating along the line-of-sight.\\
Depending on the integration length, the modelled DoLP ranges between 0.6\% for a very long integration length, and 1.8\% for a very short integration length localized around an altitude of 210 km. A parametric study is performed to check how the characteristics of the local DoLP (maximum value, altitude of the maximum, integrated height profile) vary. It is found that the polarisation is highly sensitive to the scattering function of the electrons, to the electron precipitation and the geomagnetic activity.\\
We compare these values to measured ones obtained during an observational campaign performed in February 2012 from Svalbard. The measured DoLP during the campaign was 1.9\% $\pm$ 0.1\%. The comparison between this value and the theoretical one is discussed . Discrepancies may be due to the poor constraint of the input parameters (thermosphere and ionosphere), to the fact that only electron precipitation is considered in this approach (and not proton precipitation for instance), and to the difficulty in constraining the exact width of the emission layer in the thermosphere.

Abstract: We present here observations of the polarisation of four auroral lines in the auroral oval and in the polar cusp using a new ground polarimeter called Petit Cru. Our results confirm the already known polarisation of the red line, and show for the first time that the three other lines observed here (namely 557.7 nm, 391.4 nm and 427.8 nm) are polarised as well up to a few percent. We show that in several circumstances, this polarisation is linked to the local magnetic activity and to the state of the ionosphere through the electron density measured with EISCAT. However, we also show that the contribution of light pollution from nearby cities via scattering can not be ignored and can play an important role in polarisation measurements. This series of observations questions the geophysical origin of the polarisation. It also leaves open its relation to the magnetic field orientation and to the state of both the upper atmosphere and the troposphere.

Abstract: About the evolution of worlddview and conception of landscape in Yakut culture:
Based on geographical and anthropological litterature and on the field data collected during the missions Ethnoequid 2003-2006 and Festivethno 2009.