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Makoto Sampei, Louis Fortier, Patrick Raimbault, Kohei Matsuno, Yoshiyuki Abe, Bernard Quéguiner, Augustin Lafond, Marcel Babin, Toru Hirawake |
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Title |
An estimation of the quantitative impacts of copepod grazing on an under sea-ice spring phytoplankton bloom in western Baffin Bay, Canadian Arctic |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
00092 |
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Abstract |
This study aimed to quantify the impact of copepod grazing on the productivity of phytoplankton during an under sea-ice spring phytoplankton bloom (USPB) in western Baffin Bay. To quantify positive and/or negative impacts of copepod grazing on primary production and the interaction between copepod grazing and phytoplankton species, we sampled seawater and zooplankton under the landfast sea ice every 2–3 days between May 24 and July 10, 2016. Samples were analyzed for estimation of primary production, chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration, diatom abundance, and copepod fecal pellet (FP) production/grazing rate. Analyses of chl-a concentration, primary production, and FP production/grazing rate revealed clear temporal changes and a mismatch between primary production and copepod consumption. The FP production/grazing rate reached a maximum (9.4/31.2 mg C m–2 d–1) on June 16 before the USPB phase and suddenly decreased to 0.7/2.4 mg C m–2 d–1 on June 21, despite an increase in primary production to 74.0 mg C m–2 d–1. The copepod grazing rate (3.7 mg C m–2 d–1) was low relative to primary production (344.6 mg C m–2 d–1) during the USPB phase (after June 20). While our estimates illustrate that copepod grazing did not limit the maximum daily primary production during the USPB, the low grazing pressure (2% of primary production) may have been an additional contributor to the reduction in total primary productivity at the end of the USPB period due primarily to the low supply of regenerated nitrogen-containing nutrients to drive regenerated production. |
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2325-1026 |
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yes |
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8255 |
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Dehant V., Wilson C.R., Salstein D.A., Chao B.F., Gross R.S., Le Provost C. & Ponte R.M. |
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Title |
Study of earth's rotation and geophysical Fluids Progresses. |
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Journal Article |
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1997 |
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Eos, transactions, american geophysical union |
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78 |
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357-360 |
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688 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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2324-9250 |
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yes |
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263 |
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Isaksson, E.; van de Wal, R.; Thomassen, M.; Pohjola, V.; Moore, J.; Jauhiainen, T.; Vaikmäe, R.; Ivask, J.; Martma, T.; Pinglot, J.-F.; Meijer, H.; Mulvaney, R. |
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An ice core from Svalbard with seasonal signals preserved. |
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1998 |
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Eos, transactions, american geophysical union |
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45 |
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278 |
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265 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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2324-9250 |
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yes |
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888 |
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The Epica Dome C 2001 02 science and drilling teams |
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Title |
Extending the ice core record beyond half a million years. |
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Journal Article |
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2002 |
Publication |
Eos, transactions, american geophysical union |
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83 |
Issue |
45 |
Pages |
509-517 |
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960 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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2324-9250 |
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yes |
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2221 |
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Author |
Kennicutt II, M.C., M., and J.R. Petit |
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Title |
Future Directions in Subglacial Environments Research |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |
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Volume |
88 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
129-131 |
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355 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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2324-9250 |
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yes |
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Serial |
5173 |
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Author |
Ghigliotti Laura, Cheng C-H Christina, Bonillo Cé, line, Coutanceau Jean-Pierre, Pisano Eva, |
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Title |
In Situ Gene Mapping of Two Genes Supports Independent Evolution of Sex Chromosomes in Cold-Adapted Antarctic Fish
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
Publication |
BioMed Research International |
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2013 |
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Two genes, that is, 5S ribosomal sequences and antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) genes, were mapped onto chromosomes of eight Antarctic notothenioid fish possessing a X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y sex chromosome system, namely, Chionodraco hamatus and Pagetopsis macropterus (family Channichthyidae), Trematomus hansoni, T. newnesi, T. nicolai, T. lepidorhinus, and Pagothenia borchgrevinki (family Nototheniidae), and Artedidraco skottsbergi (family Artedidraconidae). Through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we uncovered distinct differences in the gene content of the Y chromosomes in the eight species, with C. hamatus and P. macropterus standing out among others in bearing 5S rDNA and AFGP sequences on their Y chromosomes, respectively. Both genes were absent from the Y chromosomes of any analyzed species. The distinct patterns of Y and non-Y chromosome association of the 5S rDNA and AFGP genes in species representing different Antarctic fish families support an independent origin of the sex heterochromosomes in notothenioids with interesting implications for the evolutionary/adaptational history of these fishes living in a cold-stable environment. |
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1124 |
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2314-6133 |
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yes |
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4524 |
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Author |
Ghigliotti Laura, Cheng C-H Christina, Bonillo Céline, Coutanceau Jean-Pierre, Pisano Eva, |
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Title |
In Situ Gene Mapping of Two Genes Supports Independent Evolution of Sex Chromosomes in Cold-Adapted Antarctic Fish
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
Publication |
BioMed Research International |
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2013 |
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8 |
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1124 |
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2314-6133 |
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yes |
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4832 |
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Author |
Karl-Ludwig Klein |
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Title |
Radio Astronomical Tools for the Study of Solar Energetic Particles II.Time-Extended Acceleration at Subrelativistic and Relativistic Energies |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
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Pages |
93 |
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Abstract |
Solar energetic particle (SEP) events are commonly separated in two categories: numerous “impulsive” events of relatively short duration, and a few “gradual” events, where SEP-intensities may stay enhanced over several days at energies up to several tens of MeV. In some gradual events the SEP spectrum extends to relativistic energies (>1 GeV), over shorter durations. The two categories are strongly related to an idea developed in the 1960s based on radio observations: Type III bursts, which were addressed in a companion chapter, outline impulsive acceleration of electrons to subrelativistic energies, while the large and the relativistic SEP events were ascribed to a second acceleration process. At radio wavelengths, typical counterparts were bursts emitted by electrons accelerated at coronal shock waves (type II bursts) and by electron populations in large-scale closed coronal structures (type IV bursts). Both burst types are related to coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Type II bursts from metric to kilometric wavelengths tend to accompany large SEP events, which is widely considered as a confirmation that CME-driven shocks accelerate the SEPs. But type II bursts, especially those related to SEP events, are most often accompanied by type IV bursts, where the electrons are rather accelerated in the wake of the CME. Individual event studies suggest that although the CME shock is the most plausible accelerator of SEPs up to some yet unknown limiting energy, the relativistic SEP events show time structure that rather points to coronal acceleration related to type IV bursts. This chapter addresses the question what type II bursts tell us about coronal shock waves and how type II and type IV radio bursts are related with relativistic proton signatures as seen by particle detectors on the Earth and by their gamma-ray emission in the solar atmosphere, focusing on two relativistic SEP events, on 2005 Jan 20 and 2017 Sep 10. The importance of radio emissions as a complement to the upcoming SEP observations from close to the Sun is underlined. |
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227 |
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2296-987X |
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yes |
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7777 |
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Author |
Karl-Ludwig Klein |
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Title |
Radio Astronomical Tools for the Study of Solar Energetic Particles I. Correlations and Diagnostics of Impulsive Acceleration and Particle Propagation |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
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Pages |
105 |
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Abstract |
Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are sporadically ejected from the Sun during flares and coronal mass ejections. They are of major astrophysical interest, because the proximity of the Sun allows for detailed multi-messenger studies. They affect space weather due to interactions with electronics, with the Earth’s atmosphere, and with humans if they leave the protective shield of the magnetosphere of the Earth. Since early studies in the 1950s, starting with particle detectors on the ground, SEP events have been related to radio bursts. Two subjects are addressed in this chapter: attempts to establish quantitative correlations between SEPs and microwave bursts produced by gyro synchrotron radiation of mildly relativistic electrons, and the information derived from type III radio bursts on impulsive processes of particle acceleration and the coronal and interplanetary propagation. Type III radio bursts produced by electron beams on open magnetic field lines have a wide range of applications, including the identification of acceleration regions, the identification of confined particle acceleration with coronal signatures, but no SEPs, and the paths that the electrons, and energetic charged particles in general, take to travel from the low corona to the Heliosphere in case they escape. Simple scenarios of coronal particle acceleration are confirmed in relatively simple and short events. But the comparison with particle transport models shows that longer and delayed acceleration episodes exist especially in large SEP events. They will be discussed in a companion chapter. |
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227 |
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2296-987X |
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yes |
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6775 |
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Author |
O'Toole Malcolm D, Lea Mary-Anne, Guinet Christophe, Schick Robert, Hindell Mark A, |
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Title |
Foraging strategy switch of a top marine predator according to seasonal resource differences
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
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2 |
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21 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica, Mirounga leonina, Ross Sea, Trophic link, elephant seal, foraging behavior, lower-trophic distribution, |
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Abstract |
The spatio-temporal variability in marine resources influences the foraging behaviour and success of top marine predators. However, little is known about the links between these animals and ocean productivity, specifically, how plankton density influences their foraging behaviour. Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) have two annual at-sea foraging trips: a two month post-breeding foraging trip (Nov – Jan) that coincides with elevated summer productivity; and an eight month post-moulting foraging trip (Feb – Oct) over winter, when productivity is low. Physical parameters are often used to describe seal habitat, whereas information about important biological parameters is lacking. We used electronic tags deployed on elephant seals during both trips to determine their movement and foraging behaviour. The tags also recorded light, which measured the bio-optical properties of the water column, the bulk of which is presumably influenced by phytoplankton. We investigated the relationship between plankton density and seal foraging behaviour; comparing trends between summer and winter trips. We found a positive relationship between plankton density and foraging behaviour, which did not vary seasonally. We propose that profitable concentrations of seal prey are more likely to coincide with planktonic aggregations, but we also acknowledge that trophic dynamics may shift in response to seasonal trends in productivity. Seal prey (mid-trophic level) and plankton (lower-trophic level) are expected to overlap in space and time during summer trips when peak phytoplankton blooms occur. In contrast, aggregated patches of lower trophic levels are likely to be more dispersed during winter trips when plankton density is considerably lower and heterogeneous. These results show that southern elephant seals are able to exploit prey resources in different ways throughout the year as demonstrated by the variation observed between seal foraging behaviour and trophic dynamics. |
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109 |
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Frontiers |
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2296-7745 |
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yes |
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6182 |
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