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Author |
G. Hubert, S. Aubry |
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Title |
Statistical Analyses of Ambient Dose Equivalent Considering High Number of Realistic Flight Paths and Dynamic Ground Level Enhancement Model |
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Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Jsm environmental science & ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-8 |
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Abstract |
The objective of this work is to investigate impacts of solar and galactic cosmic rays on flights by considering high realistic paths issued from Flight Plan
updated with Radar Data. Models and approaches used were previously validated by comparison of calculated and measured ambient dose equivalents or
cosmic ray variations during quiet solar activity and GLEs. Thus, to consider continents or sub-continents representative of European international air traffic,
five flights were selected. They link Paris (France) to Los Angeles, New York (United States), Tokyo (Japan), Johannesburg (South Africa) and Sao Paulo (Brazil)
city. Moreover, several hundred realistic paths are considered for each of these flights. The objective is to analyze statistically the ambient dose equivalents
considering path characteristics and GLE/quiet scenario, and thus demonstrate the complexity to assess the real radiation exposure, particularly during solar
event. |
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1112 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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2333-7141 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7434 |
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Author |
C. Goyens, S. Marty, E. Leymarie, D. Antoine, M. Babin, S. Bélanger |
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Title |
High Angular Resolution Measurements of the Anisotropy of Reflectance of Sea Ice and Snow |
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Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Earth and Space Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
30-47 |
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Keywords |
Arctic bidirectional reflectance reflectance anisotropy remote sensing snow and ice albedo spectroradiometry |
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Abstract |
We introduce a new method to determine the anisotropy of reflectance of sea ice and snow at spatial scales from 1 m2 to 80 m2 using a multispectral circular fish-eye radiance camera (CE600). The CE600 allows measuring radiance simultaneously in all directions of a hemisphere at a 1° angular resolution. The spectral characteristics of the reflectance and its dependency on illumination conditions obtained from the camera are compared to those obtained with a hyperspectral field spectroradiometer manufactured by Analytical Spectral Device, Inc. (ASD). Results confirm the potential of the CE600, with the suggested measurement setup and data processing, to measure commensurable sea ice and snow hemispherical-directional reflectance factor, HDRF, values. Compared to the ASD, the reflectance anisotropy measured with the CE600 provides much higher resolution in terms of directional reflectance (N = 16,020). The hyperangular resolution allows detecting features that were overlooked using the ASD due to its limited number of measurement angles (N = 25). This data set of HDRF further documents variations in the anisotropy of the reflectance of snow and ice with the geometry of observation and illumination conditions and its spectral and spatial scale dependency. Finally, in order to reproduce the hyperangular CE600 reflectance measurements over the entire 400–900 nm spectral range, a regression-based method is proposed to combine the ASD and CE600 measurements. Results confirm that both instruments may be used in synergy to construct a hyperangular and hyperspectral snow and ice reflectance anisotropy data set. |
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1164 |
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ISSN |
2333-5084 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8134 |
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Author |
Sanne Muis, Martin Verlaan, Robert J. Nicholls, Sally Brown, Jochen Hinkel, Daniel Lincke, Athanasios T. Vafeidis, Paolo Scussolini, Hessel C. Winsemius, Philip J. Ward |
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Title |
A comparison of two global datasets of extreme sea levels and resulting flood exposure |
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Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Earth's Future |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
379-392 |
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Keywords |
coastal floods extreme sea levels flood risk hydrodynamic modeling natural hazards storm surge |
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Abstract |
Estimating the current risk of coastal flooding requires adequate information on extreme sea levels. For over a decade, the only global data available was the DINAS-COAST Extreme Sea Levels (DCESL) dataset, which applies a static approximation to estimate extreme sea levels. Recently, a dynamically derived dataset was developed: the Global Tide and Surge Reanalysis (GTSR) dataset. Here, we compare the two datasets. The differences between DCESL and GTSR are generally larger than the confidence intervals of GTSR. Compared to observed extremes, DCESL generally overestimates extremes with a mean bias of 0.6 m. With a mean bias of −0.2 m GTSR generally underestimates extremes, particularly in the tropics. The Dynamic Interactive Vulnerability Assessment model is applied to calculate the present-day flood exposure in terms of the land area and the population below the 1 in 100-year sea levels. Global exposed population is 28% lower when based on GTSR instead of DCESL. Considering the limited data available at the time, DCESL provides a good estimate of the spatial variation in extremes around the world. However, GTSR allows for an improved assessment of the impacts of coastal floods, including confidence bounds. We further improve the assessment of coastal impacts by correcting for the conflicting vertical datum of sea-level extremes and land elevation, which has not been accounted for in previous global assessments. Converting the extreme sea levels to the same vertical reference used for the elevation data is shown to be a critical step resulting in 39–59% higher estimate of population exposure. |
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688 |
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ISSN |
2328-4277 |
ISBN |
2328-4277 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7455 |
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Author |
J. Schmale, S. R. Arnold, K. S. Law, T. Thorp, S. Anenberg, W. R. Simpson, J. Mao, K. A. Pratt |
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Title |
Local Arctic Air Pollution: A Neglected but Serious Problem |
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Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Earth's Future |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1385-1412 |
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Keywords |
Arctic air pollution chemistry ecosystem impact health scenario |
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Abstract |
Air pollution in the Arctic caused by local emission sources is a challenge that is important but often overlooked. Local Arctic air pollution can be severe and significantly exceed air quality standards, impairing public health and affecting ecosystems. Specifically in the wintertime, pollution can accumulate under inversion layers. However, neither the contributing emission sources are well identified and quantified nor the relevant atmospheric mechanisms forming pollution are well understood. In the summer, boreal forest fires cause high levels of atmospheric pollution. Despite the often high exposure to air pollution, there are neither specific epidemiological nor toxicological health impact studies in the Arctic. Hence, effects on the local population are difficult to estimate at present. Socioeconomic development of the Arctic is already occurring and expected to be significant in the future. Arctic destination shipping is likely to increase with the development of natural resource extraction, and tourism might expand. Such development will not only lead to growth in the population living in the Arctic but will likely increase emission types and magnitudes. Present-day inventories show a large spread in the amount and location of emissions representing a significant source of uncertainty in model predictions that often deviate significantly from observations. This is a challenge for modeling studies that aim to assess the impacts of within Arctic air pollution. Prognoses for the future are hence even more difficult, given the additional uncertainty of estimating emissions based on future Arctic economic development scenarios. |
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1127 |
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2328-4277 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8295 |
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Author |
Jochen Hinkel, John A. Church, Jonathan M. Gregory, Erwin Lambert, Gonéri Le Cozannet, Jason Lowe, Kathleen L. McInnes, Robert J. Nicholls, Thomas D. van der Pol, Roderik van de Wal |
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Title |
Meeting User Needs for Sea Level Rise Information: A Decision Analysis Perspective |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Earth's Future |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
320-337 |
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Keywords |
climate service coastal adaptation robust decision making sea-level rise information |
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Abstract |
Despite widespread efforts to implement climate services, there is almost no literature that systematically analyzes users' needs. This paper addresses this gap by applying a decision analysis perspective to identify what kind of mean sea level rise (SLR) information is needed for local coastal adaptation decisions. We first characterize these decisions, then identify suitable decision analysis approaches and the sea level information required, and finally discuss if and how these information needs can be met given the state of the art of sea level science. We find that four types of information are needed: (i) probabilistic predictions for short-term decisions when users are uncertainty tolerant; (ii) high-end and low-end SLR scenarios chosen for different levels of uncertainty tolerance; (iii) upper bounds of SLR for users with a low uncertainty tolerance; and (iv) learning scenarios derived from estimating what knowledge will plausibly emerge about SLR over time. Probabilistic predictions can only be attained for the near term (i.e., 2030–2050) before SLR significantly diverges between low and high emission scenarios, for locations for which modes of climate variability are well understood and the vertical land movement contribution to local sea levels is small. Meaningful SLR upper bounds cannot be defined unambiguously from a physical perspective. Low- to high-end scenarios for different levels of uncertainty tolerance and learning scenarios can be produced, but this involves both expert and user judgments. The decision analysis procedure elaborated here can be applied to other types of climate information that are required for mitigation and adaptation purposes. |
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688 |
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2328-4277 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8614 |
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Author |
Jenouvrier Stephanie, Peron Clara, Weimerskirch Henri, |
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Title |
Ice-Dependent Southern Fulmar |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
96 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
664-666 |
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109 |
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ISSN |
2327-6096 |
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yes |
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6307 |
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Author |
Melissa L. Grunst, Andrea S. Grunst, David Grémillet, Jérôme Fort |
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Title |
Avian Energetics in a Warming Arctic |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
104 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e2073 |
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Abstract |
The Arctic is warming nearly four times as rapidly as other regions of the planet, challenging the capacity of organisms to cope with shifting resources and maintain thermal balance. Tracking responses of free-living animals in dynamic environments can be challenging, but is increasingly enabled by advanced biologging approaches. We used data gathered from miniaturized bird-borne devices to demonstrate increases in energy expenditure with declining sea ice conditions and warming sea surface temperatures in a dove-sized seabird, the little auk (also named dovekie; Alle alle). This keystone species feeds on sea ice-associated copepods and inhabits large breeding colonies in the High Arctic. |
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388 |
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2327-6096 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8618 |
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Author |
Blanche Saint-Béat, Brian D. Fath, Cyril Aubry, Jonathan Colombet, Julie Dinasquet, Louis Fortier, Virginie Galindo, Pierre-Luc Grondin, Fabien Joux, Catherine Lalande, Mathieu LeBlanc, Patrick Raimbault, Télesphore Sime-Ngando, Jean-Eric Tremblay, Daniel Vaulot, Frédéric Maps, Marcel Babin |
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Title |
Contrasting pelagic ecosystem functioning in eastern and western Baffin Bay revealed by trophic network modeling |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Elementa: science of the anthropocene |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
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Abstract |
Baffin Bay, located at the Arctic Ocean’s ‘doorstep’, is a heterogeneous environment where a warm and salty eastern current flows northwards in the opposite direction of a cold and relatively fresh Arctic current flowing along the west coast of the bay. This circulation affects the physical and biogeochemical environment on both sides of the bay. The phytoplanktonic species composition is driven by its environment and, in turn, shapes carbon transfer through the planktonic food web. This study aims at determining the effects of such contrasting environments on ecosystem structure and functioning and the consequences for the carbon cycle. Ecological indices calculated from food web flow values provide ecosystem properties that are not accessible by direct in situ measurement. From new biological data gathered during the Green Edge project, we built a planktonic food web model for each side of Baffin Bay, considering several biological processes involved in the carbon cycle, notably in the gravitational, lipid, and microbial carbon pumps. Missing flow values were estimated by linear inverse modeling. Calculated ecological network analysis indices revealed significant differences in the functioning of each ecosystem. The eastern Baffin Bay food web presents a more specialized food web that constrains carbon through specific and efficient pathways, leading to segregation of the microbial loop from the classical grazing chain. In contrast, the western food web showed redundant and shorter pathways that caused a higher carbon export, especially via lipid and microbial pumps, and thus promoted carbon sequestration. Moreover, indirect effects resulting from bottom-up and top-down control impacted pairwise relations between species differently and led to the dominance of mutualism in the eastern food web. These differences in pairwise relations affect the dynamics and evolution of each food web and thus might lead to contrasting responses to ongoing climate change. |
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1164 |
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ISSN |
2325-1026 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8113 |
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Author |
Mathieu Ardyna, C. J. Mundy, Matthew M. Mills, Laurent Oziel, Pierre-Luc Grondin, Léo Lacour, Gauthier Verin, Gert van Dijken, Joséphine Ras, Eva Alou-Font, Marcel Babin, Michel Gosselin, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Patrick Raimbault, Philipp Assmy, Marcel Nicolaus, Hervé Claustre, Kevin R. Arrigo |
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Title |
Environmental drivers of under-ice phytoplankton bloom dynamics in the Arctic Ocean |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
30 |
Pages |
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Abstract |
The decline of sea-ice thickness, area, and volume due to the transition from multi-year to first-year sea ice has improved the under-ice light environment for pelagic Arctic ecosystems. One unexpected and direct consequence of this transition, the proliferation of under-ice phytoplankton blooms (UIBs), challenges the paradigm that waters beneath the ice pack harbor little planktonic life. Little is known about the diversity and spatial distribution of UIBs in the Arctic Ocean, or the environmental drivers behind their timing, magnitude, and taxonomic composition. Here, we compiled a unique and comprehensive dataset from seven major research projects in the Arctic Ocean (11 expeditions, covering the spring sea-ice-covered period to summer ice-free conditions) to identify the environmental drivers responsible for initiating and shaping the magnitude and assemblage structure of UIBs. The temporal dynamics behind UIB formation are related to the ways that snow and sea-ice conditions impact the under-ice light field. In particular, the onset of snowmelt significantly increased under-ice light availability (>0.1–0.2 mol photons m–2 d–1), marking the concomitant termination of the sea-ice algal bloom and initiation of UIBs. At the pan-Arctic scale, bloom magnitude (expressed as maximum chlorophyll a concentration) was predicted best by winter water Si(OH)4 and PO43– concentrations, as well as Si(OH)4:NO3– and PO43–:NO3– drawdown ratios, but not NO3– concentration. Two main phytoplankton assemblages dominated UIBs (diatoms or Phaeocystis), driven primarily by the winter nitrate:silicate (NO3–:Si(OH)4) ratio and the under-ice light climate. Phaeocystis co-dominated in low Si(OH)4 (i.e., NO3:Si(OH)4 molar ratios >1) waters, while diatoms contributed the bulk of UIB biomass when Si(OH)4 was high (i.e., NO3:Si(OH)4 molar ratios <1). The implications of such differences in UIB composition could have important ramifications for Arctic biogeochemical cycles, and ultimately impact carbon flow to higher trophic levels and the deep ocean. |
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1164 |
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2325-1026 |
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yes |
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8115 |
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Author |
Tonya M. Burgers, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Brent G. T. Else, Tim N. Papakyriakou |
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Title |
Estimates of net community production from multiple approaches surrounding the spring ice-edge bloom in Baffin Bay |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
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Abstract |
Measurements of net community production (NCP) provide an upper constraint on the strength of the oceanic biological pump, the dominant mechanism for removing CO2 from the ocean surface and sequestering it at depth. In this investigation, our objectives were to describe the spatial and temporal variability of NCP associated with the spring ice-edge bloom in Baffin Bay and to identify the key environmental drivers controlling its variability. Using data collected between June 9 and July 10, 2016, we estimated NCP based on (1) underway measurements of surface water oxygen to argon ratios (O2:Ar), (2) underway measurements of the partial pressure of CO2, and (3) seasonal nitrate drawdown from discrete samples. These multiple approaches displayed high NCP (up to 5.7 mol C m–2) in eastern Baffin Bay, associated with modified Atlantic waters, and low NCP (<1 mol C m–2) in the presence of Arctic outflow waters in western Baffin Bay. Arctic outflow waters were characterized by low surface salinities and nitrate concentrations, suggesting that high freshwater content may have limited the nutrient availability of these waters. Different integration depths and timescales associated with each NCP approach were exploited to understand the temporal progression and succession of the bloom, revealing that the bloom was initiated under ice up to 15 days prior to ice retreat and that a large portion of NCP in eastern Baffin Bay (potentially up to 70%) was driven by primary production occurring below the surface-mixed layer. |
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1164 |
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2325-1026 |
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yes |
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8116 |
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