| Records |
| Author |
Mazé C., Tixier P., Boulinier T., Gamble A., Guinet C., Robin J.-p. Et J. Labonne |
| Title |
La transformation vers la soutenabilité, de la théorie à la pratique : la ZATA, un modèle d'étude et d'action pertinent et efficace. Le cas des pêcheries et de la conservation des oiseaux et mammifères marins |
Type |
Peer-reviewed symposium |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
5ème colloque des zones ateliers-cnrs 2000-2020, 20 ans de recherche du réseau des zones ateliers. blois, france, 4-5 novembre 2020. oral. actes du colloque. |
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L'horizon de transformation vers la soutenabilité fondée sur le concept de résilience en écologie est décrit de manière normative dans la littérature en sciences de l'environnement ou mis en valeur à partir de cas d'étude isolés. S'ils constituent d'importantes « semences pour un bon Anthropocène » ces exemples restent encore trop rares, alors que la transformation devrait d'être entreprise à plus grande échelle et à vitesse rapide. Cette transformation nécessite urgemment d'être mise en pratique de manière plus systématique et étayée à partir de cas d'action-recherche efficaces. Pour ce faire, ceux-ci doivent être conçus et mis en œuvre grâce à de nouvelles configurations, représentations et pratiques des relations entre chercheurs et autres acteurs du territoire, publics comme privés. Autrement dit, la transformation implique un changement de gouvernance, pour aller vers une gestion adaptative des territoires, des ressources naturelles et des sociétés qui en dépendent. Elle doit faire une plus grande place aux interactions entre humains et non-humains, redéfinir en profondeur le rapport homme / nature et passer par un rééquilibrage des pouvoirs entre groupes d'acteurs et institutions, dans le processus de décision en matière de gestion environnementale. Les sciences sociales et en particulier l'anthropologie des relations homme / milieu, la sociologie politique des sciences, la sociologie politique et l'économie écologique doivent être mobilisées à cette fin, en étroite interaction avec l'écologie. Les zones-ateliers fournissent à ce titre des cas privilégiés, permettant d'opérer ce changement de paradigme, en donnant une plus grande place à l'action collective, à l'hybridation des savoirs et à l'articulation équilibrée entre intérêts divergents. Elles permettent d'identifier les paramètres déterminants pour générer de manière efficace la transformation. La ZATA, zone atelier Antarctique et Terres Australes, malgré une pression anthropique directe limitée, offre un cadre de travail privilégié pour identifier les paramètres nécessaires à la mise en œuvre d'une gouvernance propice à une gestion adaptative permettant d'augmenter la résilience des SES. La pression du changement global y est très forte, tout comme les interactions entre les diverses catégories d'acteurs et d'institutions historiquement situées. La présence des scientifiques y est très installée et mêlée à des enjeux politiques, économiques et géostratégiques auxquels contribuent la conservation de la biodiversité. A partir de deux modèles d'étude (pêcheries à Kerguelen et interactions avec la mégafaune marine/ conservation des oiseaux marins, pathogènes et dératisation à Amsterdam) faisant intervenir des chercheurs, des décideurs, des gestionnaires et les acteurs économiques dans le processus de décision multi-échelles (e.g. État français / CCAMLAR-RCTA) en termes de gestion environnementale, nous présenterons une méthode de modélisation des socio-écosystèmes en systèmes dynamiques. Les modèles produits permettent d'envisager leurs trajectoires de résilience en fonction des choix de gestion et peuvent ainsi servir d'outil d'aide à la décision et d'instrument inédit en matière de construction des mesures de gestion adaptative. Cette communication, élaborée au fil des interactions avec les gestionnaires, alliera ainsi réflexion théorique et retours sur des cas concrets pouvant permettre une montée en généralité utile pour aller vers une gouvernance des SES effective et efficace en termes de résilience et de soutenabilité. |
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8096 |
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| Author |
A. Wargnier |
| Title |
Characterising the time profiles of relativistic solar energetic particle events observed by neutron monitors |
Type |
Master 1 |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Internship report, M1, Univ. Paris Sciences-Lettres |
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This Report Presents The Result Of The Measurement Of Characteristic Times For Relativistic Solar Energetic Par- Ticle Events Observed By Neutron Monitors. The Typical Profile Of A Solar Event Observed By Neutrons Monitors Is A Fast Rise And A Slow Decay. But These Times Differ Between Events (From A Few Minutes To Several Hours) And Quantifying Them Is Interesting. In Fact, Studying These Characteristic Times Allows Us To Better Understand Solar High Energy Events. For This, We Used The Neutron Monitor Database (Nmdb) [1] And Python To Compute The Rise Time And The Decay Time. We Observed That There Is A Linear Relationship Between Rise Time And Decay Time Of These Solar Events.there Are Some Possible Interpretations For These Characteristic Times. These Times May Be Related To The Dura- Tion Of Particle Acceleration Or The Propagation Of The Particles In The Interplanetary Medium. We Looked Then For A Link Between The Measurement Of Neutron Monitors At The Earth And The Solar Activity: In X-rays, And The Microwave Domain. Furthermore, We Studied The Fluctuations Of The Interplanetary Magnetic Field. However, All These Attempts Were Unsuccessful To Find A Relation With The Rise Time Measured By Neutron Monitors. But Ejection Speeds Of Coronal Mass Ejections And Rise Time Solar Events Detected By Neutron Monitors May Be Linked. |
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227 |
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yes |
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8097 |
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| Author |
Haberle, V. |
| Title |
Automatic Characterisation of Magnetic Indices with Artificial Intelligence |
Type |
Master 2 |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Irap, Toulouse |
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139 |
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yes |
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8098 |
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Panhelleux Léa &Amp; Lochin Pierre |
| Title |
Télédétection appliquée au suivi des dynamiques de la végétation des îles Kerguelen |
Type |
Master 2 |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Projet professionnel, master 2 Telenvi Université Rennes 2 |
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136 |
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yes |
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8100 |
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| Author |
Sittler, B., Lang, J., Gilg, O., Aebischer, A. |
| Title |
Snowy owls in Greenland on the brink? Insights from 32 years of long-term monitoring on Traill Island |
Type |
Peer-reviewed symposium |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
5th international snowy owl working group. ISOWG, 9-13 march 2020, Pasvik, Norway |
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1036 |
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yes |
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8466 |
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| Author |
Launay M |
| Title |
Analyse de placettes de recrutement pour le suivi des communautés marines benthiques côtières aux Iles Kerguelen (Terres australes françaises) |
Type |
Master 2 |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Master 2 Systématique, Evolution et Paléontologie, Sorbonne Université / Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle de Paris / Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers THETA / Université de Bourgogne |
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36 pp |
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1044 |
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yes |
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8066 |
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Calas A |
| Title |
Image analysis of settlement plates for monitoring marine benthic communities of the Kerguelen Islands |
Type |
Master 2 |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Master 2 IMBRSea (International Master of Science in Marine Biological Resources), Université de Gand / Université de Bourgogne |
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35 pp |
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1044 |
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yes |
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8068 |
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Julien Collet, Henri Weimerskirch |
| Title |
Albatrosses can memorize locations of predictable fishing boats but favour natural foraging |
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Journal |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the royal society b: biological sciences |
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| Volume |
287 |
Issue |
1932 |
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20200958 |
| Keywords |
albatrosses anthropogenic food cognition in the wild fisheries individual consistency resource predictability |
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Human activities generate food attracting many animals worldwide, causing major conservation issues. The spatio-temporal predictability of anthropogenic resources could reduce search costs for animals and mediate their attractiveness. We investigated this through GPS tracking in breeding black-browed albatrosses attracted to fishing boats. We tested for answers to the following questions. (i) Can future boat locations be anticipated from cues available to birds? (ii) Are birds able to appropriately use these cues to increase encounters? (iii) How frequently do birds use these cues? Boats were spatially persistent: birds searching in the direction where they previously attended boats would encounter twice as many boats compared with following a random direction strategy. A large proportion of birds did not use this cue: across pairs of consecutive trips (n = 85), 51% of birds switched their foraging direction irrespective of previous boat encounters. Still, 15 birds (27%) were observed to closely approach (approx. 0.1–1 km) where they previously attended a boat while boats were no longer there. This is less than the distance expected by chance (approx. 10–100 km), based on permutation control procedures accounting for individual-specific spatial consistency, suggesting individuals could memorize where they encountered boats across consecutive trips. We conclude albatrosses were able to exploit predictive cues from recent boat encounters but most favoured alternative resources. |
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109 |
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Approved |
yes |
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8074 |
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Patrick Pomerleau, Alain Royer, Alexandre Langlois, Patrick Cliche, Bruno Courtemanche, Jean-Benoît Madore, Ghislain Picard, Éric Lefebvre |
| Title |
Low Cost and Compact FMCW 24 GHz Radar Applications for Snowpack and Ice Thickness Measurements |
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Journal |
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2020 |
Publication |
Sensors |
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20 |
Issue |
14 |
Pages |
3909 |
| Keywords |
Antarctica Arctic snow tundra Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) radar lake ice thickness snow boreal forest snow density snow monitoring snow water equivalent snow wetness subarctic snow taiga |
| Abstract |
Monitoring the evolution of snow on the ground and lake ice—two of the most important components of the changing northern environment—is essential. In this paper, we describe a lightweight, compact and autonomous 24 GHz frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar system for freshwater ice thickness and snow mass (snow water equivalent, SWE) measurements. Although FMCW radars have a long-established history, the novelty of this research lies in that we take advantage the availability of a new generation of low cost and low power requirement units that facilitates the monitoring of snow and ice at remote locations. Test performance (accuracy and limitations) is presented for five different applications, all using an automatic operating mode with improved signal processing: (1) In situ lake ice thickness measurements giving 2 cm accuracy up to ≈1 m ice thickness and a radar resolution of 4 cm; (2) remotely piloted aircraft-based lake ice thickness from low-altitude flight at 5 m; (3) in situ dry SWE measurements based on known snow depth, giving 13% accuracy (RMSE 20%) over boreal forest, subarctic taiga and Arctic tundra, with a measurement capability of up to 3 m in snowpack thickness; (4) continuous monitoring of surface snow density under particular Antarctic conditions; (5) continuous SWE monitoring through the winter with a synchronized and collocated snow depth sensor (ultrasonic or LiDAR sensor), giving 13.5% bias and 25 mm root mean square difference (RMSD) (10%) for dry snow. The need for detection processing for wet snow, which strongly absorbs radar signals, is discussed. An appendix provides 24 GHz simulated effective refractive index and penetration depth as a function of a wide range of density, temperature and wetness for ice and snow. |
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1110 |
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yes |
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8232 |
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Alice Gadea, Mathieu Fanuel, Anne-Cécile Le Lamer, Joël Boustie, Hélène Rogniaux, Maryvonne Charrier, Françoise Lohézic-Le Devehat |
| Title |
Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Specialized Metabolites for Predicting Lichen Fitness and Snail Foraging |
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Journal |
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2020 |
Publication |
Plants |
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9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
70 |
| Keywords |
Notodiscus hookeri Pseudocyphellaria crocata Chemical Ecology Lichens Lobariaceae Mass Spectrometry Imaging Optimal Defense Theory Specialized Metabolites |
| Abstract |
Lichens are slow-growing organisms supposed to synthetize specialized metabolites to protect themselves against diverse grazers. As predicted by the optimal defense theory (ODT), lichens are expected to invest specialized metabolites in higher levels in reproductive tissues compared to thallus. We investigated whether Laser Desorption Ionization coupled to Mass Spectrometry Imaging (LDI-MSI) could be a relevant tool for chemical ecology issues such as ODT. In the present study, this method was applied to cross-sections of thalli and reproductive tissues of the lichen Pseudocyphellaria crocata. Spatial mapping revealed phenolic families of metabolites. A quantification of these metabolites was carried out in addition to spatial imaging. By this method, accumulation of specialized metabolites was observed in both reproductive parts (apothecia and soralia) of P. crocata, but their nature depended on the lichen organs: apothecia concentrated norstictic acid, tenuiorin, and pulvinic acid derivatives, whereas soralia mainly contained tenuiorin and pulvinic acid. Stictic acid, tenuiorin and calycin, tested in no-choices feeding experiments, were deterrent for N. hookeri while entire thalli were consumed by the snail. To improve better knowledge in relationships between grazed and grazing organisms, LDI-MSI appears to be a complementary tool in ecological studies |
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yes |
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8265 |
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