| |
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Barral H, Genthon C, Trouvilliez A, Brun C, Amory C, |
|
| |
Title |
Blowing snow at D17, Adélie Land, Antarctica: atmospheric moisture issues
|
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2014 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere Discuss. |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
8 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
2759-2798 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
Three years of blowing snow and meteorological observations have been collected along a 7 m mast at site D17 in coastal Adélie Land, Antarctica. This is a region particularly exposed to katabatic winds. The atmospheric surface layer is often close to saturation because of the sublimation of the airborne snow particles. A systematic dry bias results in atmospheric models that ignore blowing snow and its moistening effects, and in meteorological analyses that use such model. The Crocus snow-pack model, including a parameterization for the erosion of surface snow by wind, reproduces the observed march of snow accumulation and ablation if the observed meteorology is used as input. Because of subsaturation, a 2.5 fold increase in surface sublimation is obtained if analyzed surface air meteorology is used. The sublimation obtained in the Crocus model poorly agrees with the moisture fluxes evaluated using the profile method along the mast. Moisture gradients are very weak, particularly when blowing snow saturates the air, to a point where measurement accuracy is an issue. Using the profile method, the measurement uncertainties are strongly amplified in case of strong wind. In such conditions, a single level bulk parameterization with surface energy balance closure as in the Crocus model is preferred. At D17, more than half of the total snow fall is removed by erosion and sublimation, both at the surface and, mainly, of airborne snow particles.
|
|
| |
Programme |
411 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN  |
1994-0440 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
5075 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Gorodetskaya I V, Kneifel S, Maahn M, Van Tricht K, Schween J H, Crewell S, Van Lipzig N P M, |
|
| |
Title |
Cloud and precipitation properties from ground-based remote sensing instruments in East Antarctica
|
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2014 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere Discuss. |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
8 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
4195-4241 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
A new comprehensive cloud-precipitation-meteorological observatory has been established at Princess Elisabeth base, located in the escarpment zone of Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. The observatory consists of a set of ground-based remote sensing instruments (ceilometer, infrared pyrometer and vertically profiling precipitation radar) combined with automatic weather station measurements of near-surface meteorology, radiative fluxes, and snow accumulation. In this paper, the observatory is presented and the potential for studying the evolution of clouds and precipitating systems is illustrated by case studies. It is shown that the synergetic use of the set of instruments allows for distinguishing ice, mixed-phase and precipitating clouds, including some information on their vertical extent. In addition, wind-driven blowing snow events can be distinguished from deeper precipitating systems. Cloud properties largely affect the surface radiative fluxes, with liquid-containing clouds dominating the radiative impact. A statistical analysis of all measurements (in total 14 months mainly occurring in summer/autumn) indicates that these liquid-containing clouds occur during as much as 20% of the cloudy periods. The cloud occurrence shows a strong bimodal distribution with clear sky conditions 51% of the time and complete overcast conditions 35% of the time. Snowfall occurred 17% of the cloudy periods with a predominance of light precipitation and only rare events with snowfall > 1 mm h-1 water equivalent (w.e.). Three of such intensive snowfall events occurred during 2011 contributing to anomalously large annual snow accumulation. This is the first deployment of a precipitation radar in Antarctica allowing to assess the contribution of the snowfall to the local surface mass balance. It is shown that on the one hand large accumulation events (>10 mm w.e. day-1) during the measurement period of 26 months were always associated with snowfall, but that on the other hand snowfall did not always lead to accumulation. In general, this promising set of robust instrumentation allows for improved insight in cloud and precipitation processes in Antarctica and can be easily deployed at other Antarctic stations.
|
|
| |
Programme |
411 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1994-0440 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
5079 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Young, D. A., Roberts, J. L., Ritz, C., Frezzotti, M., Quartini, E., Cavitte, M. G. P., Tozer, C. R., Steinhage, D., Urbini, S., Corr, H. F. J., Van Ommen, T., and Blankenship, D. D. |
|
| |
Title |
High resolution boundary conditions of an old ice target near Dome C, Antarctica, |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
The cryosphere discuss. |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
2016 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
1-16 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
Abstract. A high resolution (1 km line spacing) aerogeophysical survey was conducted over a region near the East Antarctic Ice Sheet's Dome C that may hold a 1.5 million year old climate record. New ice thickness data derived from an airborne coherent radar sounder was combined with unpublished data that was unavailable for earlier compilations. We find under the primary candidate region elevated rough topography, near a number of subglacial lakes, but also regions of smoother bed. The high resolution of this ice thickness dataset also allows us to explore the nature of ice thickness uncertainties in the context of radar geometry and processing. |
|
| |
Programme |
902 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1994-0440 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
6528 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
M. Casado, A. Landais, G. Picard, T. Münch, T. Laepple, B. Stenni, G. Dreossi, A. Ekaykin, L. Arnaud, C. Genthon, A. Touzeau, V. Masson-Delmotte, J. Jouzel |
|
| |
Title |
Archival of the water stable isotope signal in East Antarctic ice cores |
Type |
Journal |
| |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
The cryosphere discuss. |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
2016 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
1-33 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
The oldest ice core records are obtained from the East Antarctic plateau. Water stable isotopes records are key for reconstructions of past climatic conditions both over the ice sheet and at the evaporation source. The accuracy of such climate reconstructions crucially depends on the knowledge of all the processes affecting the water vapour, precipitation and snow isotopic composition. Atmospheric fractionation processes are well understood and can be integrated in Rayleigh distillation and complex isotope enabled climate models. However, a comprehensive quantitative understanding of processes potentially altering the snow isotopic composition after the deposition is still missing, especially for exchanges between vapour and snow. In low accumulation sites such as found on the East Antarctic Plateau, these poorly constrained processes are especially likely to play a significant role. This limits the interpretation of isotopic composition from ice core records, specifically at short time scales. Here, we combine observations of isotopic composition in the vapour, the precipitation, the surface snow and the buried snow from various sites of the East Antarctic Plateau. At the seasonal scale, we highlight a significant impact of metamorphism on surface snow isotopic signal compared to the initial precipitation isotopic signal. In particular, in summer, exchanges of water molecules between vapour and snow are driven by the sublimation/condensation cycles at the diurnal scale. Using highly resolved isotopic composition profiles from pits in five East Antarctic sites, we identify a common 20 cm cycle which cannot be attributed to the seasonal variability of precipitation. Altogether, the smaller range of isotopic compositions observed in the buried and in the surface snow compared to the precipitation, and also the reduced slope between surface snow isotopic composition and temperature compared to precipitation, constitute evidences of post-deposition processes affecting the variability of the isotopic composition in the snow pack. To reproduce these processes in snow-models is crucial to understand the link between snow isotopic composition and climatic conditions and to improve the interpretation of isotopic composition as a paleoclimate proxy. |
|
| |
Programme |
1013 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1994-0440 |
ISBN |
1994-0440 |
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
6569 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Magand, O.; Picard, G.; Brucker, L.; Fily, M.; Genthon, C. |
|
| |
Title |
Snow melting bias in microwave mapping of Antarctic snow accumulation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2008 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere Discuss. |
Abbreviated Journal |
TCD |
|
| |
Volume |
2 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
255-273 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Programme |
454 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1994-0432 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5505 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Gallet J-C, Domine F, Arnaud L, Picard G, Savarino J, |
|
| |
Title |
Vertical profile of the specific surface area and density of the snow at Dome C and on a transect to Dumont D'Urville, Antarctica – albedo calculations and comparison to remote sensing products |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
5 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
631 -649 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
The specific surface area (SSA) of snow determines in part the albedo of snow surfaces and the capacity of the snow to adsorb chemical species and catalyze reactions. Despite these crucial roles, almost no value of snow SSA are available for the largest permanent snow expanse on Earth, the Antarctic. We report the first extensive study of vertical profiles of snow SSA near Dome C (DC: 75°06' S, 123°20' E, 3233 m a.s.l.) on the Antarctic plateau, and at seven sites during the logistical traverse between Dome C and the French coastal base Dumont D'Urville (DDU: 66°40' S, 140°01' E) during the Austral summer 2008–2009. We used the DUFISSS system, which measures the IR reflectance of snow at 1310 nm with an integrating sphere. At DC, the mean SSA of the snow in the top 1 cm is 38 m2 kg−1, decreasing monotonically to 14 m2 kg−1 at a depth of 50 cm. Along the traverse, the snow SSA profile is similar to that at DC in the first 600 km from DC. Closer to DDU, the SSA of the top 5 cm is 23 m2 kg−1, decreasing to 19 m2 kg−1 at 50 cm depth. This difference is attributed to wind, which causes a rapid decrease of surface snow SSA, but forms hard windpacks whose SSA decrease more slowly with time. Since light-absorbing impurities are not concentrated enough to affect albedo, the vertical profiles of SSA and density were used to calculate the spectral albedo of the snow for several realistic illumination conditions, using the DISORT radiative transfer model. A preliminary comparison with MODIS data is presented and our calculations and MODIS data show similar trends. |
|
| |
Programme |
1011 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
|
| |
Publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1994-0424 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
663 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Groot Zwaaftink C D, Cagnati A, Crepaz A, Fierz C, Macelloni G, Valt M, Lehning M, |
|
| |
Title |
Event-driven deposition of snow on the Antarctic Plateau: analyzing field measurements with SNOWPACK
|
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2013 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
TC |
|
| |
Volume |
7 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
333-347 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
Antarctic surface snow has been studied by means of continuous measurements and observations over a period of 3 yr at Dome C. Snow observations include solid deposits in form of precipitation, diamond dust, or hoar, snow temperatures at several depths, records of deposition and erosion on the surface, and snow profiles. Together with meteorological data from automatic weather stations, this forms a unique dataset of snow conditions on the Antarctic Plateau. Large differences in snow amounts and density exist between solid deposits measured 1 m above the surface and deposition at the surface. We used the snow-cover model SNOWPACK to simulate the snow-cover evolution for different deposition parameterizations. The main adaptation of the model described here is a new event-driven deposition scheme. The scheme assumes that snow is added to the snow cover permanently only during periods of strong winds. This assumption followed from the comparison between observations of solid deposits and daily records of changes in snow height: solid deposits could be observed on tables 1 m above the surface on 94 out of 235 days (40%) while deposition at the surface occurred on 59 days (25%) during the same period, but both happened concurrently on 33 days (14%) only. This confirms that precipitation is not necessarily the driving force behind non-temporary snow height changes. A comparison of simulated snow height to stake farm measurements over 3 yr showed that we underestimate the total accumulation by at least 33%, when the total snow deposition is constrained by the measurements of solid deposits on tables 1 m above the surface. During shorter time periods, however, we may miss over 50% of the deposited mass. This suggests that the solid deposits measured above the surface and used to drive the model, even though comparable to ECMWF forecasts in its total magnitude, should be seen as a lower boundary. As a result of the new deposition mechanism, we found a good agreement between model results and measurements of snow temperatures and recorded snow profiles. In spite of the underestimated deposition, the results thus suggest that we can obtain quite realistic simulations of the Antarctic snow cover by the introduction of event-driven snow deposition. |
|
| |
Programme |
411 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1994-0424 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
4506 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Gallet J-C, Domine F, Savarino J, Dumont M, Brun E, |
|
| |
Title |
The growth of sublimation crystals and surface hoar on the Antarctic plateau
|
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2014 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
8 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1205-1215 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Programme |
1011 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
|
| |
Publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1994-0424 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
4919 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Carmagnola C M, Morin S, Lafaysse M, Domine F, Lesaffre B, Lejeune Y, Picard G, Arnaud L, |
|
| |
Title |
Implementation and evaluation of prognostic representations of the optical diameter of snow in the SURFEX/ISBA-Crocus detailed snowpack model
|
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2014 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
TC |
|
| |
Volume |
8 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
417-437 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
In the SURFEX/ISBA-Crocus multi-layer snowpack model, the snow microstructure has up to now been characterised by the grain size and by semi-empirical shape variables which cannot be measured easily in the field or linked to other relevant snow properties. In this work we introduce a new formulation of snow metamorphism directly based on equations describing the rate of change of the optical diameter (dopt). This variable is considered here to be equal to the equivalent sphere optical diameter, which is inversely proportional to the specific surface area (SSA). dopt thus represents quantitatively some of the geometric characteristics of a porous medium. Different prognostic rate equations of dopt, including a re-formulation of the original Crocus scheme and the parameterisations from Taillandier et al. (2007) and Flanner and Zender (2006), were evaluated by comparing their predictions to field measurements carried out at Summit Camp (Greenland) in May and June 2011 and at Col de Porte (French Alps) during the 2009/10 and 2011/12 winter seasons. We focused especially on results in terms of SSA. In addition, we tested the impact of the different formulations on the simulated density profile, the total snow height, the snow water equivalent (SWE) and the surface albedo. Results indicate that all formulations perform well, with median values of the RMSD between measured and simulated SSA lower than 10 m2 kg-1. Incorporating the optical diameter as a fully fledged prognostic variable is an important step forward in the quantitative description of the snow microstructure within snowpack models, because it opens the way to data assimilation of various electromagnetic observations. |
|
| |
Programme |
1042 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1994-0424 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
5199 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Palerme C, Kay J E, Genthon C, L'Ecuyer T, Wood N B, Claud C, |
|
| |
Title |
How much snow falls on the Antarctic ice sheet?
|
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2014 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
8 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1577-1587 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
Abstract: Climate models predict Antarctic precipitation to increase during the 21st century, but their present day Antarctic precipitation differs. A model-independent climatology of the Antarctic precipitation characteristics, such as snowfall rates and frequency, is needed to assess the models, but was not available so far. Satellite observation of precipitation by active spaceborne sensors has been possible in the polar regions since the launch of CloudSat in 2006. Here we use two CloudSat products to build the first multi-year model-independent climatology of Antarctic precipitation. The first product is used to determine the frequency and the phase of precipitation, while the second product is used to assess the snowfall rate. The mean snowfall rate from August 2006 to April 2011 is 171 mm/year over the Antarctic ice sheet north of 82°S. While uncertainties on individual precipitation retrievals from CloudSat data are potentially large, the mean uncertainty should be much smaller but cannot be easily estimated. There are no in situ measurements of Antarctic precipitation to directly assess the new climatology. However distributions of both precipitation occurrences and rates generally agree with the ECMWF ERA-Interim dataset, the production of which is constrained by various in situ and satellite observations but did not use any data from CloudSat. The new dataset thus offers unprecedented capability to quantitatively assess Antarctic precipitation statistics and rates in climate models. |
|
| |
Programme |
1013 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1994-0424 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
5201 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
