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Lavrillier A. (2021). Le pas léger sur la Terre des peuples des neiges (Vol. Hors-Série).
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Grégoire Mureau. (2021). Étude des impacts des événements extrêmes sur le massif dunaire de la plage de Sanvík (Islande) (Vol. https://www-iuem.univ-brest.fr/pops/attachments/26).
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Von Beckerath, X., Eitzinger, B., Sittler, B., Gilg, O., Yannic, G., Klein, A.-M., Benadi, G. (2021). Long-term monitoring reveals topographical features and vegetation explain winter habitat use of an Arctic rodent.
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Garcin N, Viblanc VA, Schull Q, Michaux D, Reichert S, Robin JP, Bize P, Stier A. (2021). Naturally equipped to resist stress.
Abstract: Stress exposure and stress response are likely to vary according to life history strategies and environmental contexts. Although the acute release of glucocorticoids in response to unpredictable environmental conditions may lead to adaptative behavioral and physiological responses, exposure to high glucocorticoid levels on the long-term usually leads to deleterious cascading effects on animal’s physiology, behavior and fitness. Yet, some species may be more adapted to cope with challenging events than others and might naturally possess protective mechanisms limiting the adverse consequences of prolonged exposure to high glucocorticoid levels. King penguin chicks being naturally exposed to harsh weather, prolonged fasting and constant predation pressure, we investigated the life-history, behavioral and physiological consequences of an experimental increase in corticosterone levels on the medium and long-term (after removing implants), predicting to find relatively few costs associated with such treatment. Although non-significant, CORT-treated chicks were slightly larger, fledged slightly earlier and had slightly higher survival chances than placebo chicks. CORT-treated chicks were significantly more aggressive and displayed lower corticosterone response to acute stress on the medium term, while their physical activity and whole-body energetics were not significantly affected. While mitochondrial density was not significantly affected by the CORT treatment, CORT-treated chicks had lower oxidative stress levels on the long-term than placebo ones, and no significant impact was observed on telomere shortening. Finally, the expression of several genes (i.e. CORT receptor, HSP90, mTOR, NRF2 and TERF2) was up regulated in treated chicks, which could potentially mediate the apparent ‘stress’ resistance we observed at the phenotypic level.
Programme: 119
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Samuel Veilleux, Armelle Decaulne, Najat Bhiry. (2021). Snow cornice and snow avalanche monitoring using automatic time lapse cameras in Tasiapik Valley, Nunavik (Québec) during the winter of 2017–2018 (Vol. 7).
Abstract: A series of automatic time-lapse cameras installed along the southwestern side of Tasiapik Valley, near the village of Umiujaq, Nunavik (northern Québec) documented several departure modes and types of snow involved in snow avalanches during winter 2017–2018. These included cornice–avalanche dynamics, slab and loose snow avalanches, and clean and dirty snow avalanches. At the top of the selected slope, a camera monitored the development of a snow cornice beginning in November 2017, detecting multiple cornice failures over the winter and spring. The track and deposition area of the runout paths were monitored from two cameras downslope, revealing the concomitance of snow–cornice fall and snow avalanche triggering. Snow avalanche activity remained relatively infrequent until the end of May 2018. Spring snow avalanche activity is characterized by wet and dirty snow avalanches carrying debris to the foot of the slope and by runout zones located near the road along the slope.
Programme: 1148
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Armelle Decaulne, Najat Bhiry, Fabienne Joliet, Laine Chanteloup, Thora Martina Herrmann, Bruno Persat, Daniel Germain, Orsane Rousset. (2021). TAKUJUQ: Where Art and Science meet in Nunavik.
Abstract: The TUKISIK (Tukisigasuaqatigit: Understanding together) is a scientific program, ongoing since 2014, concerning human-environment interactions, reinforcing links between scientists and several communities.
Programme: 1148
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David Grémillet. (2021). The Ocean's Whistleblower: The Remarkable Life and Work of Daniel Pauly.
Abstract: “[Daniel Pauly] is an iconoclastic fisheries scientist ... who is so decidedly global in his life and outlook that he is nearly a man without a country.”—NEW YORK TIMES “Daniel Pauly is a friend whose work has inspired me for years.”—TED DANSONDaniel Pauly is a living legend in the world of marine biology. He coined the influential term “shifting baselines,” in which knowledge of environmental disaster fades over time, leading to a misguided understanding of our world. He blew the whistle on the global fishing industry, alerting the public to the devastation of overfishing. And he developed data-driven research methods that led to groundbreaking discoveries. Daniel Pauly is also a man whose life was shaped by struggle. Born after the Second World War to a white French woman and Black American GI in Paris, Pauly’s childhood has been described as Dickensian. His father left before he was born and his mother, whose family did not accept her and her mixed-race son, fell prey to a manipulative Swiss couple who abducted Pauly under murky circumstances. He was taken to Switzerland, where he was treated cruelly as the couple’s servant. Pauly escaped to Germany to attend university and, as a young man, travelled to the United States during the 1969 civil rights movement, where he met his father’s family and experienced a political and racial reawakening. From there, he went on to have one of the most decorated careers in the field of marine biology. The Ocean’s Whistleblower “weaves together the challenges of marine research with an astonishing coming-of-age story” (Andrew Sharpless, Oceana) and is told through interviews with colleagues, friends, and Pauly himself. A brilliant book about a brilliant man, The Ocean’s Whistleblower finally profiles one of the most influential scientists of our time.
Programme: 388
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Viblanc Va, Stier A, Bize P, Schull Q, Criscuolo F, Groscolas R, Robin Jp. (2021). The ecophysiology of king penguins: responses to a fluctuating environment.
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Niels M. Schmidt, Olivier Gilg, Jon Aars, Rolf A. Ims. (2021). Fat, Furry, Flexible, and Functionally Important: Characteristics of Mammals Living in the Arctic.
Abstract: Mammals constitute a group of vertebrates that share a number of unique characteristics,such as nursing their young with milk, and having hair. The pattern of low mammal species diversity in the Arctic probably reflects a combination of mainly two driving factors: first, being homeotherms, mammals require a substantial amount of energy to sustain the various life processes, and the arctic regions are characterized by a very low availability of energy due to short seasons for primary production. Secondly, the occurrence of arctic mammals today reflects the reinvasion of the mammal species into the Arctic as the ecosystems were re-established following the deglaciation. This chapter discusses the characteristics of the arctic mammals, including their unique adaptations to life, and their role as both consumer and food base in the arctic ecosystems. Climate change in the Arctic may also alter the interactions within food webs.
Keywords: arctic ecosystems Arctic mammals climate change deglaciation food webs homeotherms low mammal species diversity primary production
Programme: 1036
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Albertin, S., Savarino, J., Bekki, S., T. Roberts, T., Barret, B., Mao, J., Simpson, W., Law, K. (2021). Isotopic constraints on the sources and fate of atmospheric nitrate in Fairbanks, Alaska: preliminary results of the pre-ALPACA campaign.
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