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J Mathurin, E Dartois, C Engrand, J Duprat, A Deniset- Besseau, A Dazzi, Y Kebukawa, T Noguchi, D Troadec. (2020). Nanometre-scale infrared chemical imaging (AFM-IR) of organic matter in ultra-carbonaceous Antarctic micrometeorites (UCAMMS) and future analyses of Hayabusa 2 samples..
Abstract: Introduction: The chemical composition of organic matter (OM) in interplanetary samples (meteorites and micrometeorites) is suitably characterized by the distribution of the different chemical bonds using infrared (IR) vibrational spectroscopy (see e.g. [1]). Classical IR microscopy provides a global view of the dust grain chemical structure content but remains limited by the diffraction, with typical spot sizes sampling a few micrometers in the mid-IR range. This spatial resolution limitation is well above that of complementary techniques such as isotopic imaging with NanoSIMS or transmission electron or X-ray microscopy techniques. These techniques reveal mineralogical, chemical and isotopic heterogeneities at the sub-micron scale but do not give full access to the distribution of the various chemical bonds. The IR diffraction limitation can be circumvented by using AFM-IR microscopy. This technique opens a new window for studies of OM at ten to tens of nanometer scales and will be of importance for studies of the samples from carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu, returned by the Hayabusa 2 space probe in December 2020. AFM-IR is now a well-established microscopy technique in the vibrational field. It combines an atomic force microscope (AFM) and a tunable IR source to detect photo-thermal effect and access chemical information down to a nanoscale resolution [2]. This technique is now applied in a wide diversity of scientific fields [3], and was recently used to analyze extraterrestrial OM [4, 5]. We report here on recent results obtained on imaging two UltraCarbonaceous Antarctic MicroMeteorites (UCAMMs) using AFM-IR [5]. A small fraction of the Antarctic micrometeorites from the Concordia collection consists in UCAMMs, particles with extreme concentrations in OM, most of them exhibiting large deuterium excesses [6]. UCAMMs are also found in Japanese interplanetary dust collections [7-9]. These UCAMMs most likely originate from the surface of small icy bodies in the outer regions of the solar system [1,6,7,10]. The large OM fraction of UCAMMs (considerably higher than in the most carbon-rich meteorites) enables direct analyses without the pre-treatment generally applied to extract the OM from other meteoritic samples, and give access to unaltered chemical maps of the intimate association of minerals and organics.
Programme: 1120
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. (2020). Isotopic analyses of ion irradiation-induced organic residues, clues on the formation of organics from UCAMMS (Vol. 51).
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. (2020). The isotopic diversity of ultracarbonaceous Antarctic micrometeorites, a coupled nanosims and afmir study (Vol. 2326).
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Isabelle Badenhausser, Lise Chambrin, Marc Lebouvier. (2020).
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. (2020). Decadal changes in blood ?13C values, at-sea distribution, and weaning mass of southern elephant seals from Kerguelen Islands (Vol. 287). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Keywords: bio-logging decadal change foraging habitat Indian sector of the Southern Ocean population strategies stable isotopes
Programme: 109,1201
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. (2020). Frozen graves of Yakutia, a chronological sequence (Vol. 4).
Abstract: Distribution, cultural and chronological attribution of frozen graves of Yakutia between the beginning of 17th and end of 19th century. The funerary rites and the artefacts allow to differentiate four chrono-cultural periods (before 1700 AD, from 1700 to 1750 AD, from 1750 to 1800 AD and after 1800 AD) which could be associated with historical events: opening of the trading post of Nertchinsk, expansion of the Kangalasky clan, economic collapse, generalization of Christianization.
Keywords: artefacts Christianization chronology funeral practices modern period soil burial Yakutia Yakuts
Programme: 1038
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. (2020). Ecological insights from three decades of animal movement tracking across a changing Arctic (Vol. 370).
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. (2020). Temporal and spatial differences in the post-breeding behaviour of a ubiquitous Southern Hemisphere seabird, the common diving petrel (Vol. 7).
Abstract: The non-breeding period plays a major role in seabird survival and population dynamics. However, our understanding of the migratory behaviour, moulting and feeding strategies of non-breeding seabirds is still very limited, especially for small-sized species. The present study investigated the post-breeding behaviour of three distant populations (Kerguelen Archipelago, southeastern Australia, New Zealand) of the common diving petrel (CDP) (Pelecanoides urinatrix), an abundant, widely distributed zooplanktivorous seabird breeding throughout the southern Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans. The timing, geographical destination and activity pattern of birds were quantified through geolocator deployments during the post-breeding migration, while moult pattern of body feathers was investigated using stable isotope analysis. Despite the high energetic cost of flapping flight, all the individuals quickly travelled long distances (greater than approx. 2500 km) after the end of the breeding season, targeting oceanic frontal systems. The three populations, however, clearly diverged spatially (migration pathways and destinations), and temporally (timing and duration) in their post-breeding movements, as well as in their period of moult. Philopatry to distantly separated breeding grounds, different breeding phenologies and distinct post-breeding destinations suggest that the CDP populations have a high potential for isolation, and hence, speciation. These results contribute to improving knowledge of ecological divergence and evolution between populations, and inform the challenges of conserving migratory species.
Keywords: migration moult non-breeding Procellariiformes Southern Ocean stable isotopes
Programme: 394
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Tartu S., Blévin P., Bustamante P., Angelier A., Bech C., Bustnes J.o., Gabrielsen G.w., Goutte A., Moe B., Sauser C., Sire J., Barbraud C., Chastel O. (2020). Drivers and trends of mercury exposure in Svalbard kittiwakes in a warming context over 17 years.
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Chastel O. (2020). Contaminants of Growing Concern: Poly- and Perfluoroalkylated Substances (PFAS) and their Physiological Consequences in Seabirds.
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