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Author Barbora Chattová, Marc Lebouvier, Vít Syrovátka, Bart Van de Vijver doi  openurl
  Title Moss-inhabiting diatom communities from Ile Amsterdam (TAAF, southern Indian Ocean) Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Plant Ecology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 154 Issue 1 Pages 63-79  
  Keywords Bacillariophyta diatoms ecology Ile Amsterdam mosses southern Indian Ocean sub-Antarctic region  
  Abstract Background and aims – Despite the ongoing taxonomical revision of the entire (sub)-Antarctic diatom flora, our knowledge on the ecology and community associations of moss-inhabiting diatoms is still rather limited. In the present study, our research aim was to survey the diversity together with the environmental factors structuring the epiphytic moss diatom communities on Ile Amsterdam (TAAF), a small volcanic island in the southern Indian Ocean.Material and methods – A morphology-based dataset and (physico)chemical measurements were used for the ecological and biogeographical analysis of moss-inhabiting diatom flora from Ile Amsterdam. In total, 148 moss samples were examined using light microscopy.Key results – The analysis revealed the presence of 125 diatom taxa belonging to 38 genera. The uniqueness of the Ile Amsterdam diatom flora is mainly reflected by the species composition of the dominant genera Pinnularia, Nitzschia, Humidophila, and Luticola, with a large number of unknown and often new species. This highly specific diatom flora, together with differences in the habitats sampled and the isolated position of the island, resulted in very low similarity values between Ile Amsterdam and the other islands of the Southern Ocean. From a biogeographical point of view, 40% of the taxa have a typical cosmopolitan distribution, whereas 22% of all observed species can be considered endemic to Ile Amsterdam, with another 17% species showing a restricted sub-Antarctic distribution. The NMDS analysis, based on a cluster dendrogram, divides the samples into six main groups. For each group, indicator species were determined. Both environmental data and diatom distributions indicate that apart from elevation, specific conductance, pH, and moisture are the major factors determining the structure of moss-inhabiting diatom communities on Ile Amsterdam.Conclusion – The isolated geographic position and unique climatological and geological features of the island shaped the presence of a unique diatom flora, characterised by many endemic species. The results of the study are of prime importance for further (palaeo-)ecological and biogeographical research.  
  Programme 136  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 2032-3921 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7974  
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Author Alison F. Banwell, Rajashree Tri Datta, Rebecca L. Dell, Mahsa Moussavi, Ludovic Brucker, Ghislain Picard, Christopher A. Shuman, Laura A. Stevens doi  openurl
  Title The 32-year record-high surface melt in 2019/2020 on the northern George VI Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication The Cryosphere Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 909-925  
  Keywords  
  Abstract In the 2019/2020 austral summer, the surface melt duration and extent on the northern George VI Ice Shelf (GVIIS) was exceptional compared to the 31 previous summers of distinctly lower melt. This finding is based on analysis of near-continuous 41-year satellite microwave radiometer and scatterometer data, which are sensitive to meltwater on the ice shelf surface and in the near-surface snow. Using optical satellite imagery from Landsat 8 (2013 to 2020) and Sentinel-2 (2017 to 2020), record volumes of surface meltwater ponding were also observed on the northern GVIIS in 2019/2020, with 23 % of the surface area covered by 0.62 km3 of ponded meltwater on 19 January. These exceptional melt and surface ponding conditions in 2019/2020 were driven by sustained air temperatures ≥0 C for anomalously long periods (55 to 90 h) from late November onwards, which limited meltwater refreezing. The sustained warm periods were likely driven by warm, low-speed (≤7.5 m s−1) northwesterly and northeasterly winds and not by foehn wind conditions, which were only present for 9 h total in the 2019/2020 melt season. Increased surface ponding on ice shelves may threaten their stability through increased potential for hydrofracture initiation; a risk that may increase due to firn air content depletion in response to near-surface melting.

 
  Programme 1110  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 1994-0416 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7654  
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Author Zhuang Jiang, Becky Alexander, Joel Savarino, Joseph Erbland, Lei Geng doi  openurl
  Title Impacts of the photo-driven post-depositional processing on snow nitrate and its isotopes at Summit, Greenland: a model-based study Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication The Cryosphere Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages 4207-4220  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Abstract. Atmospheric Information Embedded In Ice-core Nitrate Is Disturbed By Post-depositional Processing. Here We Used A Layered Snow Photochemical Column Model To Explicitly Investigate The Effects Of Post-depositional Processing On Snow Nitrate And Its Isotopes (δ15n And Δ17o) At Summit, Greenland, Where Post-depositional Processing Was Thought To Be Minimal Due To The High Snow Accumulation Rate. We Found Significant Redistribution Of Nitrate In The Upper Snowpack Through Photolysis, And Up To 21 % Of Nitrate Was Lost And/or Redistributed After Deposition. The Model Indicates Post-depositional Processing Can Reproduce Much Of The Observed δ15n Seasonality, While Seasonal Variations In δ15n Of Primary Nitrate Are Needed To Reconcile The Timing Of The Lowest Seasonal δ15n. In Contrast, Post-depositional Processing Can Only Induce Less Than 2.1 ‰ Seasonal Δ17o Change, Much Smaller Than The Observation (9 ‰) That Is Ultimately Determined By Seasonal Differences In Nitrate Formation Pathway. Despite Significant Redistribution Of Snow Nitrate In The Photic Zone And The Associated Effects On δ15n Seasonality, The Net Annual Effect Of Post-depositional Processing Is Relatively Small, Suggesting Preservation Of Atmospheric Signals At The Annual Scale Under The Present Summit Conditions. But At Longer Timescales When Large Changes In Snow Accumulation Rate Occur This Post-depositional Processing Could Become A Major Driver Of The δ15n Variability In Ice-core Nitrate.  
  Programme 1177  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 1994-0416 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8375  
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Author Charles Amory, Christoph Kittel, Louis Le Toumelin, Cécile Agosta, Alison Delhasse, Vincent Favier, Xavier Fettweis doi  openurl
  Title Performance of MAR (v3.11) in simulating the drifting-snow climate and surface mass balance of Adélie Land, East Antarctica Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Geoscientific Model Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 14 Issue 6 Pages 3487-3510  
  Keywords  
  Abstract

Abstract. Drifting snow, or the wind-driven transport of snow particles originating from clouds and the surface below and above 2 m above ground and their concurrent sublimation, is a poorly documented process on the Antarctic ice sheet, which is inherently lacking in most climate models. Since drifting snow mostly results from erosion of surface particles, a comprehensive evaluation of this process in climate models requires a concurrent assessment of simulated drifting-snow transport and the surface mass balance (SMB). In this paper a new version of the drifting-snow scheme currently embedded in the regional climate model MAR (v3.11) is extensively described. Several important modifications relative to previous version have been implemented and include notably a parameterization for drifting-snow compaction of the uppermost snowpack layer, differentiated snow density at deposition between precipitation and drifting snow, and a rewrite of the threshold friction velocity above which snow erosion initiates. Model results at high resolution (10 km) over Adélie Land, East Antarctica, for the period 2004–2018 are presented and evaluated against available near-surface meteorological observations at half-hourly resolution and annual SMB estimates. The evaluation demonstrates that MAR resolves the local drifting-snow frequency and transport up to the scale of the drifting-snow event and captures the resulting observed climate and SMB variability, suggesting that this model version can be used for continent-wide applications.

 
  Programme 411  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 1991-959X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8428  
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Author É Vignon, M.-L. Roussel, I. V. Gorodetskaya, C. Genthon, A. Berne file  doi
openurl 
  Title Present and Future of Rainfall in Antarctica Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Geophysical Research Letters Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 48 Issue 8 Pages e2020GL092281  
  Keywords  
  Abstract While most precipitation in Antarctica falls as snow, little is known about liquid precipitation, although it can have ecological and climatic impacts. This study combines meteorological reports at 10 stations with the ERA5 reanalysis to provide a climatological characterization of rainfall occurrence over Antarctica. Along the East Antarctic coast, liquid precipitation occurs 22 days per year at most and coincides with maritime intrusions and blocking anticyclones. Over the north-western Antarctic Peninsula, rainfall occurs more than 50 days per year on average and the recent summer cooling was accompanied by a decrease of −35 annual rainy days per decade between 1998 and 2015 at Faraday-Vernadsky. Projections from seven latest-generation climate models reveal that Antarctic coasts will experience a warming and more frequent and intense rainfall by the end of the century. Rainfall is expected to impact new regions of the continent, increasing their vulnerability to melting by the preconditioning of surface snow.  
  Programme 1013,1143  
  Campaign  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 1944-8007 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7935  
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Author Ryo Okuwaki, Stephen P. Hicks, Timothy J. Craig, Wenyuan Fan, Saskia Goes, Tim J. Wright, Yuji Yagi doi  openurl
  Title Illuminating a Contorted Slab With a Complex Intraslab Rupture Evolution During the 2021 Mw 7.3 East Cape, New Zealand Earthquake Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Geophysical Research Letters Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 48 Issue 24 Pages e2021GL095117  
  Keywords earthquake rupture finite-fault inversion Hikurangi intraslab earthquakes slab geometry source imaging  
  Abstract The state-of-stress within subducting oceanic plates controls rupture processes of deep intraslab earthquakes. However, little is known about how the large-scale plate geometry and the stress regime relate to the physical nature of the deep intraslab earthquakes. Here we find, by using globally and locally observed seismic records, that the moment magnitude 7.3 2021 East Cape, New Zealand earthquake was driven by a combination of shallow trench-normal extension and unexpectedly, deep trench-parallel compression. We find multiple rupture episodes comprising a mixture of reverse, strike-slip, and normal faulting. Reverse faulting due to the trench-parallel compression is unexpected given the apparent subduction direction, so we require a differential buoyancy-driven stress rotation, which contorts the slab near the edge of the Hikurangi plateau. Our finding highlights that buoyant features in subducting plates may cause diverse rupture behavior of intraslab earthquakes due to the resulting heterogeneous stress state within slabs.  
  Programme 133  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 1944-8007 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8313  
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Author M. Legrand, R. Weller, S. Preunkert, B. Jourdain doi  openurl
  Title Ammonium in Antarctic Aerosol: Marine Biological Activity Versus Long-Range Transport of Biomass Burning Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Geophysical Research Letters Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 48 Issue 11 Pages e2021GL092826  
  Keywords aerosol black carbon ammonium Antarctic biomass burning et marine biota oxalate potassium  
  Abstract Year-round records of the ionic composition of Antarctic aerosol were obtained at the inland Dome C (DC) and coastal Neumayer (NM) sites, with additional observations of black carbon (BC) at NM. Discussions focus on the origin of ammonium in Antarctica. This first Antarctic atmospheric study of several species emitted by biomass burning (BB) indicates that BC and oxalate reach a maximum in October in relation to BB activity in the southern hemisphere. Ammonium reaches a maximum 2 months later, suggesting that BB remains a minor ammonium source there. The ammonium maximum in December coincides with the occurrence of diatom blooms in the austral ocean, suggesting that oceanic ammonia emissions are the main source of ammonium in Antarctica. The ammonium to sulfur-derived biogenic species molar ratio of 0.15 in summer suggests far lower ammonia emissions from the Antarctic oceans than midlatitude southern oceans.  
  Programme 903  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 1944-8007 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8252  
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Author Mathieu Casado, Amaelle Landais, Ghislain Picard, Laurent Arnaud, Giuliano Dreossi, Barbara Stenni, Frederic Prié doi  openurl
  Title Water Isotopic Signature of Surface Snow Metamorphism in Antarctica Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Geophysical Research Letters Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 48 Issue 17 Pages e2021GL093382  
  Keywords excess Ice cores metamorhism Paleoclimate water isotopes  
  Abstract Water isotope ratios of ice cores are a key source of information on past temperatures. Through fractionation within the hydrological cycle, temperature is imprinted in the water isotopic composition of snowfalls. However, this signal of climatic interest is modified after deposition when snow remains at the surface exposed to the atmosphere. Comparing time series of surface snow isotopic composition at Dome C with satellite observations of surface snow metamorphism, we found that long summer periods without precipitation favor surface snow metamorphism altering the surface snow isotopic composition. Using excess parameters (combining D,17O, and 18O fractions) allow the identification of this alteration caused by sublimation and condensation of surface hoar. The combined measurement of all three isotopic compositions could help identifying ice core sections influenced by snow metamorphism in sites with very low snow accumulation.  
  Programme 1110  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 1944-8007 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8306  
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Author Camille Moreau, Baptiste Le Bourg, Piotr Balazy, Bruno Danis, Marc Eléaume, Quentin Jossart, Piotr Kuklinski, Gilles Lepoint, Thomas Saucède, Anton Van de Putte, Loïc N. Michel doi  openurl
  Title Trophic markers and biometric measurements in Southern Ocean sea stars (1985–2017) Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Ecology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 103 Issue 3 Pages e3611  
  Keywords Antarctica Asteroidea benthos biometric measurements Echinodermata elemental contents invertebrates marine ecosystems sea stars Southern Ocean stable isotopes subantarctic Islands  
  Abstract Sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) are a key component of Southern Ocean benthos, with 16% of the known sea star species living there. In temperate marine environments, sea stars commonly play an important role in food webs, acting as keystone species. However, trophic ecology and functional role of Southern Ocean sea stars are still poorly known, notably due to the scarcity of large-scale studies. Here, we report 24,332 trophic marker (stable isotopes and elemental contents of C, N, and S of tegument and/or tube feet) and biometric (arm length, disk radius, arm to disk ratio) measurements in 2,456 specimens of sea stars. Samples were collected between 12 January 1985 and 8 October 2017 in numerous locations along the Antarctic littoral and subantarctic islands. The spatial scope of the data set covers a significant portion of the Southern Ocean (47.717° S to 86.273° S; 127.767° W to 162.201° E; depth, 6–5,338 m). The data set contains 133 distinct taxa, including 72 currently accepted species spanning 51 genera, 20 families, and multiple feeding guilds/functional groups (suspension feeders, sediment feeders, omnivores, predators of mobile or sessile prey). For 505 specimens, mitochondrial CO1 genes were sequenced to confirm and/or refine taxonomic identifications, and those sequences are already publicly available through the Barcode of Life Data System. This number will grow in the future, as molecular analyses are still in progress. Overall, thanks to its large taxonomic, spatial, and temporal extent, as well as its integrative nature (combining genetic, morphological, and ecological data), this data set can be of wide interest to Southern Ocean ecologists, invertebrate zoologists, benthic ecologists, and environmental managers dealing with associated areas. Please cite this data paper in research products derived from the data set, which is freely available without copyright restrictions.  
  Programme 1044  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 1939-9170 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8445  
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Author Guillaume Bridier, Frédéric Olivier, Laurent Chauvaud, Mikael K. Sejr, Jacques Grall doi  openurl
  Title Food source diversity, trophic plasticity, and omnivory enhance the stability of a shallow benthic food web from a high-Arctic fjord exposed to freshwater inputs Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Limnology and Oceanography Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 66 Issue S1 Pages S259-S272  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Under climate change, many Arctic coastal ecosystems receive increasing amounts of freshwater, with ecological consequences that remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated how freshwater inputs may affect the small-scale structure of benthic food webs in a low-production high-Arctic fjord (Young Sound, NE Greenland). We seasonally sampled benthic invertebrates from two stations receiving contrasting freshwater inputs: an inner station exposed to turbid and nutrient-depleted freshwater flows and an outer station exposed to lower terrestrial influences. Benthic food web structure was described using a stable isotope approach (δ13C and δ15N), Bayesian models, and community-wide metrics. The results revealed the spatially and temporally homogeneous structure of the benthic food web, characterized by high trophic diversity (i.e., a wide community isotopic niche). Such temporal stability and spatial homogeneity mirrors the high degree of trophic plasticity and omnivory of benthic consumers that allows the maintenance of several carbon pathways through the food web despite different food availability. Furthermore, potential large inputs of shelf organic matter together with local benthic primary production (i.e., macroalgae and presumably microphytobenthos) may considerably increase the stability of the benthic food web by providing alternative food sources to locally runoff-impacted pelagic primary production. Future studies should assess beyond which threshold limit a larger increase in freshwater inputs might cancel out these stability factors and lead to marked changes in Arctic benthic ecosystems.  
  Programme 1158  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 1939-5590 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6791  
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