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Eichhorn Gotz, Groscolas Rene, Le Glaunec Gaele, Parisel Camille, Arnold Laurent, Medina Patrice, Handrich Yves, . (2011). Heterothermy in growing king penguins
. Nature communications, 2, 435–.
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. (2020). Southern Ocean in-situ temperature trends over 25 years emerge from interannual variability (Vol. 12).
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. (2015). Large-scale climatic anomalies affect marine predator foraging behaviour and demography.
. Nature communications, 6, 8220.
Abstract: Determining the links between the behavioural and population responses of wild species to environmental variations is critical for understanding the impact of climate variability on ecosystems. Using long-term data sets, we show how large-scale climatic anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere affect the foraging behaviour and population dynamics of a key marine predator, the king penguin. When large-scale subtropical dipole events occur simultaneously in both subtropical Southern Indian and Atlantic Oceans, they generate tropical anomalies that shift the foraging zone southward. Consequently the distances that penguins foraged from the colony and their feeding depths increased and the population size decreased. This represents an example of a robust and fast impact of large-scale climatic anomalies affecting a marine predator through changes in its at-sea behaviour and demography, despite lack of information on prey availability. Our results highlight a possible behavioural mechanism through which climate variability may affect population processes.
Programme: 109,394
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Bost Charles-André, Cotté Cédric, Terray Pascal, Barbraud Christophe, Bon Cécile, Delord Karine, Gimenez Olivier, Handrich Yves, Naito Yasuhiko, Guinet Christophe, Weimerskirch Henri. (2015). Large-scale climatic anomalies affect marine predator foraging behaviour and demography. 2041-1723, 6, 8220.
Abstract: Understanding how organisms respond to short-term climate variations will help predict the impact of future global change. Here, Bost et al. show that large-scale climatic anomalies coincide with changes in the foraging behaviour and populations dynamics of king penguins in the Southern hemisphere.
Programme: 109
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Cristofari Robin, Bertorelle Giorgio, Ancel André, Benazzo Andrea, Le Maho Yvon, Ponganis Paul J., Stenseth Nils Christian, Trathan Phil N., Whittington Jason D., Zanetti Enrico, Zitterbart Daniel P., Trucchi Emiliano & Le Bohec Céline. (2016). Full circumpolar migration ensures evolutionary unity in the Emperor penguin. Nature communications, 7, 11842.
Abstract: Defining reliable demographic models is essential to understand the threats of ongoing environmental change. Yet, in the most remote and threatened areas, models are often based on the survey of a single population, assuming stationarity and independence in population responses. This is the case for the Emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri, a flagship Antarctic species that may be at high risk continent-wide before 2100. Here, using genome-wide data from the whole Antarctic continent, we reveal that this top-predator is organized as one single global population with a shared demography since the late Quaternary. We refute the view of the local population as a relevant demographic unit, and highlight that (i) robust extinction risk estimations are only possible by including dispersal rates and (ii) colony-scaled population size is rather indicative of local stochastic events, whereas the species’ response to global environmental change is likely to follow a shared evolutionary trajectory.
Programme: 137
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. (2016). Demographic routes to variability and regulation in bird populations (Vol. 7).
Abstract: There is large interspecific variation in the magnitude of population fluctuations, even among closely related species. The factors generating this variation are not well understood, primarily because of the challenges of separating the relative impact of variation in population size from fluctuations in the environment. Here, we show using demographic data from 13 bird populations that magnitudes of fluctuations in population size are mainly driven by stochastic fluctuations in the environment. Regulation towards an equilibrium population size occurs through density-dependent mortality. At small population sizes, population dynamics are primarily driven by environment-driven variation in recruitment, whereas close to the carrying capacity K, variation in population growth is more strongly influenced by density-dependent mortality of both juveniles and adults. Our results provide evidence for the hypothesis proposed by Lack that population fluctuations in birds arise from temporal variation in the difference between density-independent recruitment and density-dependent mortality during the non-breeding season.
Programme: 109
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. (2016). Full circumpolar migration ensures evolutionary unity in the Emperor penguin (Vol. 7).
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Thomas Frederikse, Maya K. Buchanan, Erwin Lambert, Robert E. Kopp, Michael Oppenheimer, D. J. Rasmussen, Roderik S. W. van de Wal. (2020). Antarctic Ice Sheet and emission scenario controls on 21st-century extreme sea-level changes (Vol. 11).
Abstract: Uncertainties in Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios and Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) melt propagate into uncertainties in projected mean sea-level (MSL) changes and extreme sea-level (ESL) events. Here we quantify the impact of RCP scenarios and AIS contributions on 21st-century ESL changes at tide-gauge sites across the globe using extreme-value statistics. We find that even under RCP2.6, almost half of the sites could be exposed annually to a present-day 100-year ESL event by 2050. Most tropical sites face large increases in ESL events earlier and for scenarios with smaller MSL changes than extratropical sites. Strong emission reductions lower the probability of large ESL changes but due to AIS uncertainties, cannot fully eliminate the probability that large increases in frequencies of ESL events will occur. Under RCP8.5 and rapid AIS mass loss, many tropical sites, including low-lying islands face a MSL rise by 2100 that exceeds the present-day 100-year event level.
Programme: 688
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E. Gautier, J. Savarino, J. Hoek, J. Erbland, N. Caillon, S. Hattori, N. Yoshida, E. Albalat, F. Albarede, J. Farquhar. (2019). 2600-years of stratospheric volcanism through sulfate isotopes (Vol. 10).
Abstract: The estimation of volcanic contribution to climate variability requires identification of global-scale eruptions. Here the authors present a new 2600-year chronology of stratospheric volcanic events that relies on isotopic signature of ice core sulfate, that improves ice core volcanic reconstruction.
Programme: 1177
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. (2021). Marine snow morphology illuminates the evolution of phytoplankton blooms and determines their subsequent vertical export (Vol. 12).
Keywords: Carbon cycle Marine biology
Programme: 1164
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