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Author |
Antoine Stier, Quentin Schull, Pierre Bize, Emilie Lefol, Mark Haussmann, Damien Roussel, Jean-Patrice Robin, Vincent A. Viblanc |
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Title |
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial responses to stress exposure suggest that king penguins are naturally equipped to resist stress |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-12 |
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Abstract |
Exposure to unpredictable environmental stressors could influence animal health and fitness by inducing oxidative stress, potentially through downstream effects of glucocorticoid stress hormones (e.g. corticosterone) on mitochondrial function. Yet, it remains unclear whether species that have evolved in stochastic and challenging environments may present adaptations to alleviate the effects of stress exposure on oxidative stress. We tested this hypothesis in wild king penguins by investigating mitochondrial and oxidative stress responses to acute restraint-stress, and their relationships with baseline (potentially mirroring exposure to chronic stress) and stress-induced increase in corticosterone levels. Acute restraint-stress did not significantly influence mitochondrial function. However, acute restraint-stress led to a significant increase in endogenous antioxidant defences, while oxidative damage levels were mostly not affected or even decreased. High baseline corticosterone levels were associated with an up-regulation of the glutathione antioxidant system and a decrease in mitochondrial efficiency. Both processes might contribute to prevent oxidative damage, potentially explaining the negative relationship observed between baseline corticosterone and plasma oxidative damage to proteins. While stress exposure can represent an oxidative challenge for animals, protective mechanisms like up-regulating antioxidant defences and decreasing mitochondrial efficiency seem to occur in king penguins, allowing them to cope with their stochastic and challenging environment. |
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119 |
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2045-2322 |
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2045-2322 |
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yes |
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7529 |
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Author |
T. Ouisse, E. Day, L. Laville, F. Hendrickx, P. Convey, D. Renault |
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Title |
Effects of elevational range shift on the morphology and physiology of a carabid beetle invading the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1234 |
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Abstract |
Climatic changes can induce geographic expansion and altitudinal shifts in the distribution of invasive species by offering more thermally suitable habitats. At the remote sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands, the predatory insect Merizodus soledadinus (Coleoptera: Carabidae), introduced in 1913, rapidly invaded coastal habitats. More recent colonisation of higher elevation habitats by this species could be underlain by their increased thermal suitability as the area has warmed. This study compared the effect of elevational range shift on the morphology and physiology of adult M. soledadinus sampled along two altitudinal transects (from the foreshore to 250?m a.s.l.) and a horizontal lowland transect orthogonal to the seashore (400?m length). Although high inter-individual and inter-transect variations in the traits examined were present, we observed that body mass of males and females tended to decrease with elevation, and that triglyceride contents decreased with distance from the shore. Moreover, protein contents of females as well as those of 26 metabolites were influenced significantly by distance to the foreshore. These results suggest that future climate change at the Kerguelen Islands will further assist the colonisation of lowland inland and higher altitude habitats by this aggressively invasive predator, by making previously sub-optimal habitats progressively more suitable. |
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136 |
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2045-2322 |
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yes |
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7662 |
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Title |
A transcriptome-based phylogenetic study of hard ticks (Ixodidae) |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
12923 |
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Abstract |
Hard ticks are widely distributed across temperate regions, show strong variation in host associations, and are potential vectors of a diversity of medically important zoonoses, such as Lyme disease. To address unresolved issues with respect to the evolutionary relationships among certain species or genera, we produced novel RNA-Seq data sets for nine different Ixodes species. We combined this new data with 18 data sets obtained from public databases, both for Ixodes and non-Ixodes hard tick species, using soft ticks as an outgroup. We assembled transcriptomes (for 27 species in total), predicted coding sequences and identified single copy orthologues (SCO). Using Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian frameworks, we reconstructed a hard tick phylogeny for the nuclear genome. We also obtained a mitochondrial DNA-based phylogeny using published genome sequences and mitochondrial sequences derived from the new transcriptomes. Our results confirm previous studies showing that the Ixodes genus is monophyletic and clarify the relationships among Ixodes sub-genera. This work provides a baseline for studying the evolutionary history of ticks: we indeed found an unexpected acceleration of substitutions for mitochondrial sequences of Prostriata, and for nuclear and mitochondrial genes of two species of Rhipicephalus, which we relate with patterns of genome architecture and changes of life-cycle, respectively. |
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333 |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7694 |
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Title |
Arctic seabirds and shrinking sea ice: egg analyses reveal the importance of ice-derived resources |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
15405 |
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Abstract |
In the Arctic, sea-ice plays a central role in the functioning of marine food webs and its rapid shrinking has large effects on the biota. It is thus crucial to assess the importance of sea-ice and ice-derived resources to Arctic marine species. Here, we used a multi-biomarker approach combining Highly Branched Isoprenoids (HBIs) with ?13C and ?15N to evaluate how much Arctic seabirds rely on sea-ice derived resources during the pre-laying period, and if changes in sea-ice extent and duration affect their investment in reproduction. Eggs of thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) and northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) were collected in the Canadian Arctic during four years of highly contrasting ice conditions, and analysed for HBIs, isotopic (carbon and nitrogen) and energetic composition. Murres heavily relied on ice-associated prey, and sea-ice was beneficial for this species which produced larger and more energy-dense eggs during icier years. In contrast, fulmars did not exhibit any clear association with sympagic communities and were not impacted by changes in sea ice. Murres, like other species more constrained in their response to sea-ice variations, therefore appear more sensitive to changes and may become the losers of future climate shifts in the Arctic, unlike more resilient species such as fulmars. |
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388 |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7695 |
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Title |
Climate change could overturn bird migration: Transarctic flights and high-latitude residency in a sea ice free Arctic |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
17767 |
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Abstract |
Climate models predict that by 2050 the Arctic Ocean will be sea ice free each summer. Removing this barrier between the Atlantic and the Pacific will modify a wide range of ecological processes, including bird migration. Using published information, we identified 29 arctic-breeding seabird species, which currently migrate in the North Atlantic and could shift to a transarctic migration towards the North Pacific. We also identified 24 arctic-breeding seabird species which may shift from a migratory strategy to high-arctic year-round residency. To illustrate the biogeographical consequences of such drastic migratory shifts, we performed an in-depth study of little auks (Alle alle), the most numerous artic seabird. Coupling species distribution models and climatic models, we assessed the adequacy of future wintering and breeding areas for transarctic migrants and high-arctic year-round residents. Further, we used a mechanistic bioenergetics model (Niche Mapper), to compare the energetic costs of current little auk migration in the North Atlantic with potential transarctic and high-arctic residency strategies. Surprisingly, our results indicate that transarctic little auk migration, from the North Atlantic towards the North Pacific, may only be half as costly, energetically, than high-arctic residency or migration to the North Atlantic. Our study illustrates how global warming may radically modify the biogeography of migratory species, and provides a general methodological framework linking migratory energetics and spatial ecology. |
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388 |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7696 |
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Title |
Exploring the link between microseism and sea ice in Antarctica by using machine learning |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
13050 |
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Abstract |
The most continuous and ubiquitous seismic signal on Earth is the microseism, closely related to ocean wave energy coupling with the solid Earth. A peculiar feature of microseism recorded in Antarctica is the link with the sea ice, making the temporal pattern of microseism amplitudes different with respect to the microseism recorded in low-middle latitude regions. Indeed, during austral winters, in Antarctica the oceanic waves cannot efficiently excite seismic energy because of the sea ice in the Southern Ocean. Here, we quantitatively investigate the relationship between microseism, recorded along the Antarctic coasts, and sea ice concentration. In particular, we show a decrease in sea ice sensitivity of microseism, due to the increasing distance from the station recording the seismic signal. The influence seems to strongly reduce for distances above 1,000?km. Finally, we present an algorithm, based on machine learning techniques, allowing to spatially and temporally reconstruct the sea ice distribution around Antarctica based on the microseism amplitudes. This technique will allow reconstructing the sea ice concentration in both Arctic and Antarctica in periods when the satellite images, routinely used for sea ice monitoring, are not available, with wide applications in many fields, first of all climate studies. |
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133 |
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2045-2322 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7704 |
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Author |
Clive R. McMahon, Mark A. Hindell, Jean-Benoit Charrassin, Stuart Corney, Christophe Guinet, Robert Harcourt, Ian Jonsen, Rowan Trebilco, Guy Williams, Sophie Bestley |
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Title |
Finding mesopelagic prey in a changing Southern Ocean |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
19013 |
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109,1201 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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2045-2322 |
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yes |
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7705 |
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Title |
Global airborne microbial communities controlled by surrounding landscapes and wind conditions |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
14441 |
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Programme |
1028 |
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2045-2322 |
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yes |
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7707 |
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Author |
Marc Lebouvier, Philippe Lambret, Alexia Garnier, Peter Convey, Yves Frenot, Philippe Vernon, David Renault |
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Title |
Spotlight on the invasion of a carabid beetle on an oceanic island over a 105-year period |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
17103 |
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136 |
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2045-2322 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7977 |
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Title |
Marine habitat use and feeding ecology of introduced anadromous brown trout at the colonization front of the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen archipelago |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
11917 |
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Keywords |
Animal migration Behavioural ecology Ecology Stable isotope analysis |
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1041 |
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2045-2322 |
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2045-2322 |
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yes |
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8180 |
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