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Author |
Merkling T*, Perrot C*, Helfenstein F, Ferdy J-B, Gaillard L, Lefol E, Voisin E, Hatch SA, Danchin E & Blanchard P (* co first authors) |
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Title |
Does parent-offspring conflict shape the relationship between environmental conditions and maternal effects? An experimental test |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
3699-3710 |
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Abstract |
Maternal effects occur when the mother's phenotype influences her offspring's phenotype. In birds, differential allocation in egg yolk components can allow mothers to compensate for the competitive disadvantage of junior chicks. We hypothesize that the parent–older chick conflict peaks at intermediate conditions: parents benefit from the younger chick(s) survival, but its death benefits the older chick in terms of growth and survival. We thus expect maternal compensation to follow a bell-shaped pattern in relation to environmental conditions. We studied a black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) population where previous results revealed increased allocation of yolk testosterone in younger as compared to older chicks in intermediate conditions, in line with our theoretical framework. We therefore predicted a maternally induced increase in aggressiveness, growth, and survival for younger chicks born in intermediate environmental conditions. Controlling for parental effects and chick sex, we manipulated food availability before egg laying to create a situation with intermediate (Unfed group) and good (Fed group) environmental conditions. Within each feeding treatment, we further created experimental broods where the natural hatching order was reversed to maximize our chances to observe an effect of feeding treatment on the younger chicks' aggressiveness. As predicted, we found that chick aggressiveness was higher in younger chicks born from the Unfed group (i.e., in intermediate environmental conditions), but only when they were put in a senior position, in reversed broods. Predictions on growth and survival were not confirmed. Mothers thus seem to favor the competitiveness of their younger chick in intermediate conditions via egg yolk components, but our study also suggests that hatching asynchrony need to be small for maternal compensation to be efficient. We emphasize the need for further studies investigating other chick behaviors (e.g., begging) and focusing on the relative role of different yolk components in shaping parent–offspring conflict over sibling competition. |
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1162 |
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2045-7758 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6476 |
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Author |
Collet Julien, Patrick Samantha C., Weimerskirch Henri |
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Title |
Behavioral responses to encounter of fishing boats in wandering albatrosses |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Ecology and evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| |
Volume |
7 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
3335-3347 |
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Keywords |
competition fisheries foraging decisions movement ecology seabirds vessel monitoring system |
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Abstract |
Animals are attracted to human food subsidies worldwide. The behavioral response of individuals to these resources is rarely described in detail, beyond chances of encounters. Seabirds for instance scavenge in large numbers at fishing boats, triggering crucial conservation issues, but how the response to boats varies across encounters is poorly known. Here we examine the behavioral response of wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans), equipped with GPS tags, to longline fishing boats operating near their colony for which we had access to vessel monitoring system data. We distinguish between encounters (flying within 30 km of a boat) and attendance behavior (sitting on the sea within 3 km of a boat), and examine factors affecting each. In particular, we test hypotheses that the response to encountered boats should vary with sex and age in this long‐lived dimorphic species. Among the 60% trips that encountered boats at least once, 80% of them contained attendance (but attendance followed only 60% of each single encounter). Birds were more attracted and remained attending longer when boats were hauling lines, despite the measures enforced by this fleet to limit food availability during operations. Sex and age of birds had low influence on the response to boats, except the year when fewer boats came fishing in the area, and younger birds were attending further from boats compared to older birds. Net mass gain of birds was similar across sex and not affected by time spent attending boats. Our results indicate albatrosses extensively attend this fishery, with no clear advantages, questioning impacts on foraging time budgets. Factors responsible for sex foraging segregation at larger scale seem not to operate at this fleet near the colony and are not consistent with predictions of optimal foraging theory on potential individual dominance asymmetries. This approach complements studies of large‐scale overlap of animals with human subsidies. |
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109 |
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2045-7758 |
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2045-7758 |
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yes |
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6636 |
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Author |
Jeanniard‐du‐Dot Tiphaine, Trites Andrew W., Arnould John P. Y., Speakman John R., Guinet Christophe |
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Title |
Activity‐specific metabolic rates for diving, transiting, and resting at sea can be estimated from time–activity budgets in free‐ranging marine mammals |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
2969-2976 |
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109 |
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2045-7758 |
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2045-7758 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6642 |
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Author |
Grissac Sophie, Bartumeus Frederic, Cox Sam L., Weimerskirch Henri |
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Title |
Early‐life foraging: Behavioral responses of newly fledged albatrosses to environmental conditions |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
17 |
Pages |
6766-6778 |
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Programme |
109 |
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2045-7758 |
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2045-7758 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6659 |
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Author |
Laureline L. Chaise, Iris Prinet, Camille Toscani, Susan L. Gallon, William Paterson, Dominic J. McCafferty, Marc Théry, André Ancel, Caroline Gilbert |
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Title |
Local weather and body condition influence habitat use and movements on land of molting female southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
6081-6090 |
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Keywords |
body mass GPS loggers habitat selection marine mammals meteorological conditions molt pinnipeds population counts |
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Abstract |
Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) are known to move and aggregate while molting, but little is known about their behavior on land during this time. In this study, 60 adult females were monitored (23 with GPS tags) during four molting seasons, between 2012 and 2016 at Kerguelen Archipelago, Indian Ocean. Population surveys were recorded each year (N = 230 daily counts), and habitat use was analyzed in relation to the stage of the molt and local weather. Based on stage of molt, habitat use, and movements on land, we classified the molt of elephant seals into three phases: (1) a “search phase” at the initial stage of molt when grass and wallow habitats were used and characterized by greater mean distances travelled on land per day compared with the two other phases; (2) a “resident phase”: during initial and mid-stage of molt when animals were found in grass and wallow habitats but with less distance moved on land; and (3) a “termination phase” at the final stage of molt where grass and beach habitats were occupied with no change in distances. Windchill and solar radiation influenced individual distances moved per day (mean 590 ± 237.0 m) at the mid- and final stage of molt such that animals travelled greater distances on days of low windchill or high solar radiation. Individual variation in distance moved and relative habitat use were also linked to body mass index (BMI) at arrival on the colony, as females with higher BMI moved less and preferred beach habitat. Moreover, the individual rate of molt increased with the use of wallows. Aggregation rate tended to be negatively correlated with distances moved. We therefore suggest that individuals face an energetic trade-off while molting, balancing energy expenditure between movement and thermoregulation. |
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1201 |
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2045-7758 |
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2045-7758 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7368 |
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Author |
Charlène Guillaumot, Salomé Fabri‐Ruiz, Alexis Martin, Marc Eléaume, Bruno Danis, Jean-Pierre Féral, Thomas Saucède |
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Title |
Benthic species of the Kerguelen Plateau show contrasting distribution shifts in response to environmental changes |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
6210-6225 |
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Keywords |
conservation echinoid future predictions historical changes Kerguelen Plateau species distribution modeling |
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Abstract |
Marine life of the Southern Ocean has been facing environmental changes and the direct impact of human activities during the past decades. Benthic communities have particularly been affected by such changes although we only slowly understand the effect of environmental changes on species physiology, biogeography, and distribution. Species distribution models (SDM) can help explore species geographic responses to main environmental changes. In this work, we modeled the distribution of four echinoid species with contrasting ecological niches. Models developed for [2005–2012] were projected to different time periods, and the magnitude of distribution range shifts was assessed for recent-past conditions [1955–1974] and for the future, under scenario RCP 8.5 for [2050–2099]. Our results suggest that species distribution shifts are expected to be more important in a near future compared to the past. The geographic response of species may vary between poleward shift, latitudinal reduction, and local extinction. Species with broad ecological niches and not limited by biogeographic barriers would be the least affected by environmental changes, in contrast to endemic species, restricted to coastal areas, which are predicted to be more sensitive. |
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Programme |
1044 |
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2045-7758 |
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2045-7758 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7105 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Yves Cherel, Charline Parenteau, Paco Bustamante, Charles-André Bost |
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Title |
Stable isotopes document the winter foraging ecology of king penguins and highlight connectivity between subantarctic and Antarctic ecosystems |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
2752-2765 |
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Keywords |
diet myctophid prolactin seabird Southern Ocean |
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Abstract |
The poorly known winter foraging ecology of the king penguin, a major Southern Ocean consumer, was investigated at the subantarctic Crozet Islands where the largest global population breeds. Blood δ13C and δ15N values were used as proxies of the birds’ foraging habitat and diet, respectively, and circulating prolactin levels helped in determining the birds’ reproductive status. Plasma prolactin concentrations showed that king penguin adults of unknown breeding status (n = 52) that were present at the colony in winter were in fact breeders and failed breeders, but were not non -breeders. Circulating prolactin was neither related to δ13C nor δ15N values, thus suggesting that both breeders and failed breeders used the same foraging habitats and fed on the same prey. Plasma and blood cell isotopic values depicted four new relevant biological features on the feeding strategies of king penguins during the critical winter period: (1) 42% of the birds foraged in the distant Antarctic Zone, but 58% fed primarily in subantarctic waters (δ13C), (2) they preyed upon myctophids in both zones (δ15N), (3) individuals were consistent in their foraging strategies over the winter months (δ13C and δ15N), and (4) a higher proportion of females (77%–80%) than males (27%–31%) favored feeding in distant Antarctic waters (δ13C). This study highlights trophic connectivity between subantarctic and Antarctic ecosystems and hence the key role of energy export from Antarctic waters to sustain breeding populations of subantarctic predators, including during the Austral winter. |
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109,394 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
2045-7758 |
ISBN |
2045-7758 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7114 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Julien Collet, Samantha C. Patrick, Henri Weimerskirch |
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Title |
Behavioral responses to encounter of fishing boats in wandering albatrosses |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
3335-3347 |
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Keywords |
competition fisheries foraging decisions movement ecology seabirds vessel monitoring system |
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Abstract |
Animals are attracted to human food subsidies worldwide. The behavioral response of individuals to these resources is rarely described in detail, beyond chances of encounters. Seabirds for instance scavenge in large numbers at fishing boats, triggering crucial conservation issues, but how the response to boats varies across encounters is poorly known. Here we examine the behavioral response of wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans), equipped with GPS tags, to longline fishing boats operating near their colony for which we had access to vessel monitoring system data. We distinguish between encounters (flying within 30 km of a boat) and attendance behavior (sitting on the sea within 3 km of a boat), and examine factors affecting each. In particular, we test hypotheses that the response to encountered boats should vary with sex and age in this long-lived dimorphic species. Among the 60% trips that encountered boats at least once, 80% of them contained attendance (but attendance followed only 60% of each single encounter). Birds were more attracted and remained attending longer when boats were hauling lines, despite the measures enforced by this fleet to limit food availability during operations. Sex and age of birds had low influence on the response to boats, except the year when fewer boats came fishing in the area, and younger birds were attending further from boats compared to older birds. Net mass gain of birds was similar across sex and not affected by time spent attending boats. Our results indicate albatrosses extensively attend this fishery, with no clear advantages, questioning impacts on foraging time budgets. Factors responsible for sex foraging segregation at larger scale seem not to operate at this fleet near the colony and are not consistent with predictions of optimal foraging theory on potential individual dominance asymmetries. This approach complements studies of large-scale overlap of animals with human subsidies. |
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Programme |
109 |
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2045-7758 |
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2045-7758 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7154 |
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Author |
Sophie de Grissac, Frederic Bartumeus, Sam L. Cox, Henri Weimerskirch |
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Title |
Early-life foraging: Behavioral responses of newly fledged albatrosses to environmental conditions |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
17 |
Pages |
6766-6778 |
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Keywords |
Diomedea exulans ecology juveniles learning seabirds tracking |
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Abstract |
In order to survive and later recruit into a population, juvenile animals need to acquire resources through the use of innate and/or learnt behaviors in an environment new to them. For far-ranging marine species, such as the wandering albatross Diomedea exulans, this is particularly challenging as individuals need to be able to rapidly adapt and optimize their movement strategies in response to the highly dynamic and heterogeneous nature of their open-ocean pelagic habitats. Critical to this is the development and flexibility of dispersal and exploratory behaviors. Here, we examine the movements of eight juvenile wandering albatrosses, tracked using GPS/Argos satellite transmitters for eight months following fledging, and compare these to the trajectories of 17 adults to assess differences and similarities in behavioral strategies through time. Behavioral clustering algorithms (Expectation Maximization binary Clustering) were combined with multinomial regression analyses to investigate changes in behavioral mode probabilities over time, and how these may be influenced by variations in day duration and in biophysical oceanographic conditions. We found that juveniles appeared to quickly acquire the same large-scale behavioral strategies as those employed by adults, although generally more time was spent resting at night. Moreover, individuals were able to detect and exploit specific oceanographic features in a manner similar to that observed in adults. Together, the results of this study suggest that while shortly after fledging juvenile wandering albatrosses are able to employ similar foraging strategies to those observed in adults, additional skills need to be acquired during the immature period before the efficiency of these behaviors matches that of adults. |
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109 |
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2045-7758 |
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2045-7758 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7158 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Tiphaine Jeanniard‐du‐Dot, Andrew W. Trites, John P. Y. Arnould, John R. Speakman, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
Activity-specific metabolic rates for diving, transiting, and resting at sea can be estimated from time–activity budgets in free-ranging marine mammals |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
2969-2976 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella Callorhinus ursinus diving energy expenditure foraging metabolic rate northern fur seal time–activity budget |
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Abstract |
Time and energy are the two most important currencies in animal bioenergetics. How much time animals spend engaged in different activities with specific energetic costs ultimately defines their likelihood of surviving and successfully reproducing. However, it is extremely difficult to determine the energetic costs of independent activities for free-ranging animals. In this study, we developed a new method to calculate activity-specific metabolic rates, and applied it to female fur seals. We attached biologgers (that recorded GPS locations, depth profiles, and triaxial acceleration) to 12 northern (Callorhinus ursinus) and 13 Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella), and used a hierarchical decision tree algorithm to determine time allocation between diving, transiting, resting, and performing slow movements at the surface (grooming, etc.). We concomitantly measured the total energy expenditure using the doubly-labelled water method. We used a general least-square model to establish the relationship between time–activity budgets and the total energy spent by each individual during their foraging trip to predict activity-specific metabolic rates. Results show that both species allocated similar time to diving ( 29%), transiting to and from their foraging grounds ( 26–30%), and resting ( 8–11%). However, Antarctic fur seals spent significantly more time grooming and moving slowly at the surface than northern fur seals (36% vs. 29%). Diving was the most expensive activity ( 30 MJ/day if done non-stop for 24 hr), followed by transiting at the surface ( 21 MJ/day). Interestingly, metabolic rates were similar between species while on land or while slowly moving at the surface ( 13 MJ/day). Overall, the average field metabolic rate was 20 MJ/day (for all activities combined). The method we developed to calculate activity-specific metabolic rates can be applied to terrestrial and marine species to determine the energetic costs of daily activities, as well as to predict the energetic consequences for animals forced to change their time allocations in response to environmental shifts. |
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Programme |
109 |
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2045-7758 |
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2045-7758 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7163 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
