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	Author	L. Marelle, J.-C. Raut, K. S. Law, O. Duclaux
	Title	Current and Future Arctic Aerosols and Ozone From Remote Emissions and Emerging Local Sources—Modeled Source Contributions and Radiative Effects			Type	Journal
	Year	2018	Publication	Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	123	Issue	22	Pages	12,942-12,963
	Keywords	Arctic ozone aerosols gas flaring regional modeling shipping
	Abstract	The Arctic is influenced by air pollution transported from lower latitudes, and increasingly by local sources such as shipping and resource extraction. Local Arctic emissions could increase significantly in the future due to industrialization in a warming Arctic and further influence Arctic climate. We use the regional model Weather Research and Forecasting, including chemistry, to investigate current (2012) and future (2050) sources of Arctic aerosol and ozone pollution and their radiative impacts, focusing on spring and summer emissions from midlatitude anthropogenic sources, biomass burning, Arctic shipping, and Arctic gas flaring. Results show that remote anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions are likely to remain the main source of Arctic pollution burdens and of black carbon (BC) deposition over snow, and the main contributors to direct aerosol and ozone radiative effects in the Arctic. However, local Arctic flaring emissions are already a major source of BC in northwestern Russia, with a direct radiative effect of ∼25 mW/m2, and Arctic shipping is a strong current source of aerosols and ozone during summer in the Nordic Seas. We find that the direct effect of ozone and aerosols from summertime Arctic shipping is respectively negative (due to frequent temperature inversions) and positive (because of the high surface albedo) in our simulations, two new results. With the development of diversion shipping through the Arctic Ocean in summer 2050, Arctic shipping emissions could become the main source of surface aerosol and ozone pollution at the surface, with strong associated indirect effects of −0.8 W/m2, while flaring would remain an important BC source.
	Programme	1127
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2169-8996	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	8517
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	Author	Legrand Michel, Yang Xin, Preunkert Susanne, Theys Nicolas
	Title	Year‐round records of sea salt, gaseous, and particulate inorganic bromine in the atmospheric boundary layer at coastal (Dumont d'Urville) and central (Concordia) East Antarctic sites			Type	Journal
	Year	2016	Publication	Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	121	Issue	2	Pages	997-1023
	Keywords	Antarctic sea ice Antarctica inorganic bromine oxidants sea salt
	Abstract	Abstract Multiple year?round records of bulk and size?segregated compositions of aerosol were obtained at the coastal Dumont d'Urville (DDU) and inland Concordia sites located in East Antarctica. They document the sea?salt aerosol load and composition including, for the first time in Antarctica, the bromide depletion of sea?salt aerosol relative to sodium with respect to seawater. In parallel, measurements of bromide trapped in mist chambers and denuder tubes were done to investigate the concentrations of gaseous inorganic bromine species. These data are compared to simulations done with an off?line chemistry transport model, coupled with a full tropospheric bromine chemistry scheme and a process?based sea?salt production module that includes both sea?ice?sourced and open?ocean?sourced aerosol emissions. Observed and simulated sea?salt concentrations sometime differ by up to a factor of 2 to 3, particularly at DDU possibly due to local wind pattern. In spite of these discrepancies, both at coastal and inland Antarctica, the dominance of sea?ice?related processes with respect to open ocean emissions for the sea?salt aerosol load in winter is confirmed. For summer, observations and simulations point out sea salt as the main source of gaseous inorganic bromine species. Investigations of bromide in snow pit samples do not support the importance of snowpack bromine emissions over the Antarctic Plateau. To evaluate the overall importance of the bromine chemistry over East Antarctica, BrO simulations were also discussed with respect data derived from GOME?2 satellite observations over Antarctica.
	Programme	1154
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2169-897X	ISBN	2169-897X	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	6736
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	Author	Steelandt Stéphanie, Marguerie Dominique, Bhiry Najat, Delwaide Ann,
	Title	A study of the composition, characteristics, and origin of modern driftwood on the western coast of Nunavik (Quebec, Canada)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2015	Publication	Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences	Abbreviated Journal	J. Geophys. Res.
	Volume	120	Issue	3	Pages	480-501
	Keywords	driftwood, identification, morphological characteristics, origin, Nunavik, Hudson Bay, 0439 Ecosystems: structure and dynamics, 0460 Marine systems, 0476 Plant ecology, 0499 New fields (not classifiable under other headings),
	Abstract
	Programme	1080
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2169-8961	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	5688
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	Author	A. Ola, D. Fortier, S. Coulombe, J. Comte, F. Domine
	Title	The Distribution of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks Among Dominant Geomorphological Terrain Units in Qarlikturvik Valley, Bylot Island, Arctic Canada			Type	Journal
	Year	2022	Publication	Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	127	Issue	7	Pages	e2021JG006750
	Keywords	alluvial fan Arctic permafrost polygon tundra
	Abstract	Soils of circumpolar regions store large amounts of carbon (C) and are a crucial part of the global C cycle. Yet, little is known about the distribution of soil C stocks among geomorphological terrain units of glacial valleys in the Arctic. Soil C and nitrogen (N) content for the top 100 cm of the dominant vegetated geomorphological terrain units (i.e., alluvial fans, humid polygons, mesic polygons) at Qarlikturvik Valley, Bylot Island, Canada have been analyzed. Soil C content was greatest in humid low-center ice-wedge polygons (82 kg m−2), followed by mesic flat-center ice-wedge polygons (40 kg m−2), and alluvial fan area (16 kg m−2), due to prevailing geomorphological processes, differences in vegetation and soil characteristics, as well as permafrost processes. Soil N content was greatest in humid polygons (4 kg m−2), followed by mesic polygons (2 kg m−2), and alluvial fan area (1 kg m−2). Vertically, C and N decreased with increasing depth except for a peak in C at depth in humid polygons, a likely result of past changes in vegetation cover. At Qarlikturvik Valley, which has a size of 121.7 km2, alluvial fans store 0.226 Tg organic C and humid and mesic polygons store 1.643 and 0.218 Tg organic C, respectively in the top 100 cm of soil. Findings like these are important to further constrain pan-Arctic soil C and N stock estimates and thus climate models.
	Programme	1042
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2169-8961	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	8594
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	Author	Blanchard P., Lauzeral C., Chamaillé-Jammes S., Yoccoz N.G., Pontier D.
	Title	Analyzing the proximity to cover in a landscape of fear: a new approach applied to fine-scale habitat use by rabbits facing feral cat predation on Kerguelen archipelago			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Peerj	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	4	Issue		Pages	e1769
	Keywords
	Abstract	Although proximity to cover has been routinely considered as an explanatory variable in studies investigating prey behavioral adjustments to predation pressure, the way it shapes risk perception still remains equivocal. This paradox arises from both the ambivalent nature of cover as potentially both obstructive and protective, making its impact on risk perception complex and context-dependent, and from the choice of the proxy used to measure proximity to cover in the field, which leads to an incomplete picture of the landscape of fear experienced by the prey. Here, we study a simple predator-prey-habitat system, i.e., rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus facing feral cat Felis catus predation on Kerguelen archipelago. We assess how cover shapes risk perception in prey and develop an easily implementable field method to improve the estimation of proximity to cover. In contrast to protocols considering the “distance to nearest cover”, we focus on the overall “area to cover”. We show that fine-scale habitat use by rabbits is clearly related to our measure, in accordance with our hypothesis of higher risk in patches with smaller area to cover in this predator-prey-habitat system. In contrast, classical measures of proximity to cover are not retained in the best predictive models of habitat use. The use of this new approach, together with a more in-depth consideration of contrasting properties of cover, could help to better understand the role of this complex yet decisive parameter for predator-prey ecology.
	Programme	279
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2167-8359	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	6551
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	Author	Junaid S. Khan, Jennifer F. Provencher, Mark R. Forbes, Mark L. Mallory, Camille Lebarbenchon, Karen D. McCoy
	Title	Chapter One – Parasites of seabirds: A survey of effects and ecological implications			Type	Journal
	Year	2019	Publication	Advances in Marine Biology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	82	Issue		Pages	1-50
	Keywords	Animals Bacteria Bird Birds Ectoparasite Endoparasite Helminth Host-Parasite Interactions Marine Oceans and Seas Parasitism Pathogen Research Seabird Virus
	Abstract	Parasites are ubiquitous in the environment, and can cause negative effects in their host species. Importantly, seabirds can be long-lived and cross multiple continents within a single annual cycle, thus their exposure to parasites may be greater than other taxa. With changing climatic conditions expected to influence parasite distribution and abundance, understanding current level of infection, transmission pathways and population-level impacts are integral aspects for predicting ecosystem changes, and how climate change will affect seabird species. In particular, a range of micro- and macro-parasites can affect seabird species, including ticks, mites, helminths, viruses and bacteria in gulls, terns, skimmers, skuas, auks and selected phalaropes (Charadriiformes), tropicbirds (Phaethontiformes), penguins (Sphenisciformes), tubenoses (Procellariiformes), cormorants, frigatebirds, boobies, gannets (Suliformes), and pelicans (Pelecaniformes) and marine seaducks and loons (Anseriformes and Gaviiformes). We found that the seabird orders of Charadriiformes and Procellariiformes were most represented in the parasite-seabird literature. While negative effects were reported in seabirds associated with all the parasite groups, most effects have been studied in adults with less information known about how parasites may affect chicks and fledglings. We found studies most often reported on negative effects in seabird hosts during the breeding season, although this is also the time when most seabird research occurs. Many studies report that external factors such as condition of the host, pollution, and environmental conditions can influence the effects of parasites, thus cumulative effects likely play a large role in how parasites influence seabirds at both the individual and population level. With an increased understanding of parasite-host dynamics it is clear that major environmental changes, often those associated with human activities, can directly or indirectly affect the distribution, abundance, or virulence of parasites and pathogens.
	Programme	333
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	Corporate Author				Thesis	Bachelor's thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2162-5875	ISBN	2162-5875	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	7531
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	Author	Grémillet David, Puech William, Garçon Véronique, Boulinier Thierry, Le Maho Yvon,
	Title	Robots in ecology: welcome to the machine			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2012	Publication	Open journal of ecology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	2	Issue	2	Pages	49-57
	Keywords	Animal Behavior;Biodiversity Monitoring;Autonomous Vehicle;Drone;Cyborg;Population Biology;Robot Ethics;Robotics Network,
	Abstract	Robots have primarily been developed for warfare, yet they also serve peaceful purposes. Their use in Ecology is in its infancy, but they may soon become essential tools in a broad variety of eco-logical sub-disciplines. Autonomous robots, in particular drones sent to previously inaccessi-ble areas, have revolutionized data acquisition, not only for abiotic parameters, but also for re-cording the behavior of undisturbed animals and collecting biological material. Robots will also play an essential role in population Ecology, as they will allow for automatic census of indi-viduals through image processing, or via detec-tion of animals marked electronically. These new technologies will enable automated experimen-tation for increasingly large sample sizes, both in the laboratory and in the field. Finally, inter-active robots and cyborgs are becoming major players in modern studies of animal behavior. Such rapid progress nonetheless raises ethical, environmental, and security issues.
	Programme	333
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	Corporate Author				Thesis	Bachelor's thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2162-1985	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	3958
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	Author	Hu X G, Liu L T, Kroner C, Sun H P,
	Title	Observation of the seismic anisotropy effects on free oscillations below 4 mHz			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth	Abbreviated Journal	J. Geophys. Res.
	Volume	114	Issue	B7	Pages	B07301-
	Keywords	seismic anisotropy, free oscillations of the earth, mixed-type mode coupling, 7255 Surface waves and free oscillations, 7208 Mantle, 7299 General or miscellaneous,
	Abstract	We present observations of significant fundamental spheroidal-toroidal mode coupling at frequencies below 4 mHz in the early part of vertical component records from seismic stations on near-equatorial source-receiver propagation paths after the 26 December 2004 and 28 March 2005 great Sumatra earthquakes. Since the mixed-type coupling induced by rotational Coriolis force are very weak at these selected equatorial-path stations, we investigate what effects mimic the strong Coriolis effects at frequencies below 4 mHz, suggesting that local azimuthal anisotropy in the upper mantle is the most likely explanation for the strong anomalous coupling we observed. In addition, strong anisotropy coupling observed in the frequency band of 14 mHz is always characterized by anomalous small amplitudes of coupled spheroidal modes on the vertical component of seismograph, suggesting that excitation of quasi-toroidal modes by azimuthal anisotropy associates with geometric nodes of fundamental spheroidal modes.
	Programme	133
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2156-2202	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	57
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	Author	Kreemer Corné,
	Title	Absolute plate motions constrained by shear wave splitting orientations with implications for hot spot motions and mantle flow			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth	Abbreviated Journal	J. Geophys. Res.
	Volume	114	Issue	B10	Pages	B10405-
	Keywords	absolute plate motion, seismic anisotropy, mantle flow, hot spot, 8011 Kinematics of crustal and mantle deformation, 8158 Plate motions: present and recent, 8121 Dynamics: convection currents, and mantle plumes,
	Abstract	Here, I present a new absolute plate motion model of the Earth's surface, determined from the alignment of present-day surface motions with 474 published shear wave (i.e., SKS) splitting orientations. When limited to oceanic islands and cratons, splitting orientations are assumed to reflect anisotropy in the asthenosphere caused by the differential motion between lithosphere and mesosphere. The best fit model predicts a 0.2065°/Ma counterclockwise net rotation of the lithosphere as a whole, which revolves around a pole at 57.6°S and 63.2°E. This net rotation is particularly well constrained by data on cratons and/or in the Indo-Atlantic region. The average data misfit is 19° and 24° for oceanic and cratonic areas, respectively, but the normalized root-mean-square misfits are about equal at 5.4 and 5.2. Predicted plate motions are very consistent with recent hot spot track azimuths (<8° on many plates), except for the slowest moving plates (Antarctica, Africa, and Eurasia). The difference in hot spot propagation vectors and plate velocities describes the motion of hot spots (i.e., their underlying plumes). For most hot spots that move significantly, the motions are considerably smaller than and antiparallel to the absolute plate velocity. Only when the origin depth of the plume is considered can the hot spot motions be explained in terms of mantle flow. The results are largely consistent with independent evidence of subasthenospheric mantle flow and asthenospheric return flow near spreading ridges. The results suggest that, at least where hot spots are, the lithosphere is decoupled from the mesosphere, including in western North America.
	Programme	133
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2156-2202	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	81
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	Author	Gung Yuancheng, Hsu Ya-Ting, Chiao Ling-Yun, Obayashi Masayuki,
	Title	Multiscale waveform tomography with two-step model parameterization			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth	Abbreviated Journal	J. Geophys. Res.
	Volume	114	Issue	B11	Pages	B11301-
	Keywords	multiscale tomography, two-step model parameterization, nonlinear asymptotic coupling theory, 3260 Mathematical Geophysics: Inverse theory, 7270 Seismology: Tomography, 7255 Seismology: Surface waves and free oscillations,
	Abstract	In geophysical tomography, a proper model parameterization scheme for forward modeling is not necessarily a suitable one for the inversion stage, and vice versa. To take full advantage of the merits of parameterization in both stages, we propose a two-step model parameterization approach, in which different model bases for forward computation and inversion are adopted and the basis change is achieved by applying a spatial projection directly to the sensitivity matrix. We demonstrate this approach through an experimental study of waveform tomography for the Pacific upper mantle shear wave structure using first-orbit long-period Rayleigh waves. In the forward modeling, a normal-mode-based nonlinear asymptotic coupling theory is used for the computation of the synthetics and sensitivity matrix, and the model is parameterized in terms of spherical harmonics which provide efficient analytical solutions for path integrals in the forward modeling. Prior to the inversion, the model basis of the sensitivity matrix is transformed to local functions within the study region. After mapping, only local bases around the data sampling path receive effective sensitivities. Accordingly, the computation cost in the inversion is significantly reduced. Furthermore, the two-step model parameterization also adds flexibility to the inversion schemes. In particular, a wavelet-based multiscale inversion is implemented, and its results are compared to simple damping solutions. The general concept and applications of the two-step model parameterization are not restricted to the forwarding modeling technique or model parameterization schemes employed in this experimental study. This approach benefits any inverse problems wherever transformation of model bases helps to better constrain the results.
	Programme	133
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2156-2202	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	117
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