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2021 |
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Geoscientific Model Development |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
3487-3510 |
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411 |
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1991-959X |
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yes |
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8428 |
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Author |
Alison F. Banwell, Rajashree Tri Datta, Rebecca L. Dell, Mahsa Moussavi, Ludovic Brucker, Ghislain Picard, Christopher A. Shuman, Laura A. Stevens |
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Title |
The 32-year record-high surface melt in 2019/2020 on the northern George VI Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
909-925 |
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Abstract |
In the 2019/2020 austral summer, the surface melt duration and extent on the northern George VI Ice Shelf (GVIIS) was exceptional compared to the 31 previous summers of distinctly lower melt. This finding is based on analysis of near-continuous 41-year satellite microwave radiometer and scatterometer data, which are sensitive to meltwater on the ice shelf surface and in the near-surface snow. Using optical satellite imagery from Landsat 8 (2013 to 2020) and Sentinel-2 (2017 to 2020), record volumes of surface meltwater ponding were also observed on the northern GVIIS in 2019/2020, with 23 % of the surface area covered by 0.62 km3 of ponded meltwater on 19 January. These exceptional melt and surface ponding conditions in 2019/2020 were driven by sustained air temperatures ?0 ?C for anomalously long periods (55 to 90 h) from late November onwards, which limited meltwater refreezing. The sustained warm periods were likely driven by warm, low-speed (?7.5 m s?1) northwesterly and northeasterly winds and not by foehn wind conditions, which were only present for 9 h total in the 2019/2020 melt season. Increased surface ponding on ice shelves may threaten their stability through increased potential for hydrofracture initiation; a risk that may increase due to firn air content depletion in response to near-surface melting. |
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1110 |
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ISSN |
1994-0416 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7654 |
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Author |
Zhuang Jiang, Becky Alexander, Joel Savarino, Joseph Erbland, Lei Geng |
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Title |
Impacts of the photo-driven post-depositional processing on snow nitrate and its isotopes at Summit, Greenland: a model-based study |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
4207-4220 |
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1177 |
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1994-0416 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8375 |
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Title |
Moss-inhabiting diatom communities from Ile Amsterdam (TAAF, southern Indian Ocean) |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Plant Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
154 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
63-79 |
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Keywords |
Bacillariophyta diatoms ecology Ile Amsterdam mosses southern Indian Ocean sub-Antarctic region |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
136 |
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ISSN |
2032-3921 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7974 |
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Title |
Marine snow morphology illuminates the evolution of phytoplankton blooms and determines their subsequent vertical export |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Nature Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
2816 |
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Keywords |
Carbon cycle Marine biology |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1164 |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2041-1723 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8250 |
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Title |
Marine habitat use and feeding ecology of introduced anadromous brown trout at the colonization front of the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen archipelago |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
11917 |
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Keywords |
Animal migration Behavioural ecology Ecology Stable isotope analysis |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1041 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
ISBN |
2045-2322 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8180 |
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Title |
Surface ocean microbiota determine cloud precursors |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
281 |
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Keywords |
Atmospheric science Marine biology |
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Abstract |
One pathway by which the oceans influence climate is via the emission of sea spray that may subsequently influence cloud properties. Sea spray emissions are known to be dependent on atmospheric and oceanic physicochemical parameters, but the potential role of ocean biology on sea spray fluxes remains poorly characterized. Here we show a consistent significant relationship between seawater nanophytoplankton cell abundances and sea-spray derived Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) number fluxes, generated using water from three different oceanic regions. This sensitivity of CCN number fluxes to ocean biology is currently unaccounted for in climate models yet our measurements indicate that it influences fluxes by more than one order of magnitude over the range of phytoplankton investigated. |
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Programme |
1187 |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7264 |
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Title |
Fine-scale spatial segregation in a pelagic seabird driven by differential use of tidewater glacier fronts |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
22109 |
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Keywords |
Behavioural ecology Biogeography |
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Abstract |
In colonially breeding marine predators, individual movements and colonial segregation are influenced by seascape characteristics. Tidewater glacier fronts are important features of the Arctic seascape and are often described as foraging hotspots. Albeit their documented importance for wildlife, little is known about their structuring effect on Arctic predator movements and space use. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that tidewater glacier fronts can influence marine bird foraging patterns and drive spatial segregation among adjacent colonies. We analysed movements of black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) in a glacial fjord by tracking breeding individuals from five colonies. Although breeding kittiwakes were observed to travel up to ca. 280 km from the colony, individuals were more likely to use glacier fronts located closer to their colony and rarely used glacier fronts located farther away than 18 km. Such variation in the use of glacier fronts created fine-scale spatial segregation among the four closest (ca. 7 km distance on average) kittiwake colonies. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that spatially predictable foraging patches like glacier fronts can have strong structuring effects on predator movements and can modulate the magnitude of intercolonial spatial segregation in central-place foragers. |
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Programme |
330 |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8309 |
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Title |
Fine-scale structures as spots of increased fish concentration in the open ocean |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
15805 |
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Keywords |
Fisheries Marine biology Physical oceanography |
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Abstract |
Oceanic frontal zones have been shown to deeply influence the distribution of primary producers and, at the other extreme of the trophic web, top predators. However, the relationship between these structures and intermediate trophic levels is much more obscure. In this paper we address this knowledge gap by comparing acoustic measurements of mesopelagic fish concentrations to satellite-derived fine-scale Lagrangian Coherent Structures in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. First, we demonstrate that higher fish concentrations occur more frequently in correspondence with strong Lagrangian Coherent Structures. Secondly, we illustrate that, while increased fish densities are more likely to be observed over these structures, the presence of a fine-scale feature does not imply a concomitant fish accumulation, as other factors affect fish distribution. Thirdly, we show that, when only chlorophyll-rich waters are considered, front intensity modulates significantly more the local fish concentration. Finally, we discuss a model representing fish movement along Lagrangian features, specifically built for mid-trophic levels. Its results, obtained with realistic parameters, are qualitatively consistent with the observations and the spatio-temporal scales analysed. Overall, these findings may help to integrate intermediate trophic levels in trophic models, which can ultimately support management and conservation policies. |
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Programme |
109 |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8384 |
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Title |
Underwater photogrammetry for close-range 3D imaging of dry-sensitive objects: The case study of cephalopod beaks |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
7730-7742 |
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Keywords |
3D models cephalopod beaks dry-sensitive material micro-CT scanning micro-photogrammetry underwater photogrammetry |
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Abstract |
Technical advances in 3D imaging have contributed to quantifying and understanding biological variability and complexity. However, small, dry-sensitive objects are not easy to reconstruct using common and easily available techniques such as photogrammetry, surface scanning, or micro-CT scanning. Here, we use cephalopod beaks as an example as their size, thickness, transparency, and dry-sensitive nature make them particularly challenging. We developed a new, underwater, photogrammetry protocol in order to add these types of biological structures to the panel of photogrammetric possibilities. We used a camera with a macrophotography mode in a waterproof housing fixed in a tank with clear water. The beak was painted and fixed on a colored rotating support. Three angles of view, two acquisitions, and around 300 pictures per specimen were taken in order to reconstruct a full 3D model. These models were compared with others obtained with micro-CT scanning to verify their accuracy. The models can be obtained quickly and cheaply compared with micro-CT scanning and have sufficient precision for quantitative interspecific morphological analyses. Our work shows that underwater photogrammetry is a fast, noninvasive, efficient, and accurate way to reconstruct 3D models of dry-sensitive objects while conserving their shape. While the reconstruction of the shape is accurate, some internal parts cannot be reconstructed with photogrammetry as they are not visible. In contrast, these structures are visible using reconstructions based on micro-CT scanning. The mean difference between both methods is very small (10?5 to 10?4 mm) and is significantly lower than differences between meshes of different individuals. This photogrammetry protocol is portable, easy-to-use, fast, and reproducible. Micro-CT scanning, in contrast, is time-consuming, expensive, and nonportable. This protocol can be applied to reconstruct the 3D shape of many other dry-sensitive objects such as shells of shellfish, cartilage, plants, and other chitinous materials. |
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109 |
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2045-7758 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8092 |
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