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Thomas Frederikse, Surendra Adhikari, Tim J. Daley, Sönke Dangendorf, Roland Gehrels, Felix Landerer, Marta Marcos, Thomas L. Newton, Graham Rush, Aimée B. A. Slangen, Guy Wöppelmann |
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Title |
Constraining 20th-Century Sea-Level Rise in the South Atlantic Ocean |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
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Volume |
126 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e2020JC016970 |
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Keywords |
data rescue salt-marsh proxies sea-level changes South Atlantic tide gauges |
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Abstract |
Sea level in the South Atlantic Ocean has only been measured at a small number of tide-gauge locations, which causes considerable uncertainty in 20th-century sea-level trend estimates in this basin. To obtain a better-constrained sea-level trend in the South Atlantic Ocean, this study aims to answer two questions. The first question is: can we combine new observations, vertical land motion estimates, and information on spatial sampling biases to obtain a likely range of 20th-century sea-level rise in the South Atlantic? We combine existing observations with recovered observations from Dakar and a high-resolution sea-level reconstruction based on salt-marsh sediments from the Falkland Islands and find that the rate of sea-level rise in the South Atlantic has likely been between 1.1 and 2.2 mm year−1 (5%–95% confidence intervals), with a central estimate of 1.6 mm year−1. This rate is on the high side, but not statistically different compared to global-mean trends from recent reconstructions. The second question is: are there any physical processes that could explain a large deviation from the global-mean sea-level trend in the South Atlantic? Sterodynamic (changes in ocean dynamics and steric effects) and gravitation, rotation, and deformation effects related to ice mass loss and land water storage have probably led to a 20th-century sea-level trend in the South Atlantic above the global mean. Both observations and physical processes thus suggest that 20th-century sea-level rise in the South Atlantic has been about 0.3 mm year−1 above the rate of global-mean sea-level rise, although even with the additional observations, the uncertainties are still too large to distinguish a statistically significant difference. |
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2169-9291 |
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yes |
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8603 |
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Author |
R. Sulzbach, H. Dobslaw, M. Thomas |
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Title |
High-Resolution Numerical Modeling of Barotropic Global Ocean Tides for Satellite Gravimetry |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
126 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e2020JC017097 |
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Keywords |
M2-tide minor tides pole-rotation self-attraction and loading tide-generating potential topographic wavedrag |
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Abstract |
The recently upgraded barotropic tidal model TiME is employed to study the influence of fundamental tidal processes, the chosen model resolution, and the bathymetric map on the achievable model accuracy, exemplary for the M2 tide. Additionally, the newly introduced pole-rotation scheme allows to estimate the model’s inherent precision (open ocean rms: 0.90 cm) and enables studies of the Arctic domain without numerical deviations originating from pole cap handling. We find that the smallest open ocean rms with respect to the FES14-atlas (3.39 cm) is obtained when tidal dissipation is carried out to similar parts by quadratic bottom friction, wave drag, and parametrized eddy-viscosity. This setting proves versatile to obtaining high accuracy values for a diverse ensemble of additional partial tides. Using the preferred model settings, we show that for certain minor tides it is possible to obtain solutions that are more accurate than results derived with admittance assumptions from data-constrained tidal atlases. As linear admittance derived minor tides are routinely used for de-aliasing of satellite gravimetric data, this opens the potential for improving gravity field products by employing the solutions from TiME. |
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2169-9291 |
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yes |
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8605 |
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Jardon F P, Vivier F, Vancoppenolle M, Lourenço A, Bouruet-Aubertot P, Cuypers Y, |
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Title |
Full-depth desalination of warm sea ice: FULL-DEPTH DESALINATION OF SEA ICE
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS |
Abbreviated Journal |
0148-0227 |
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Volume |
118 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
435-447 |
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1015 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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2169-9275 |
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yes |
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4292 |
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Park Young‐Hyang, Durand Isabelle, Kestenare Elodie, Rougier Gilles, Zhou Meng, d'Ovidio Francesco, Cotté Cédric, Lee Jae‐Hak |
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Title |
Polar Front around the Kerguelen Islands: An up‐to‐date determination and associated circulation of surface/subsurface waters |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
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Volume |
119 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
6575-6592 |
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Keywords |
Kerguelen Polar Front Southern Ocean |
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Abstract The circulation of iron?rich shelf waters around the Kerguelen Islands plays a crucial role for a climatically important, annually recurrent phytoplankton spring bloom over the sluggish shelf region and its downstream plume area along the Antarctic circumpolar flow. However, there is a long?standing confusion about the Polar Front (PF) in the Kerguelen region due to diverse suggestions in the literature for its geographical location with an extreme difference over 10° of latitude. Based on abundant historical hydrographic data, the in situ hydrographic and current measurements during the 2011 KEOPS2 cruise, satellite chlorophyll images, and altimetry?derived surface velocity fields, we determine and validate an up?to?date location of the PF around the Kerguelen Islands. Artificial Lagrangian particle trajectories computed from altimetric velocity time series are analyzed for the possible pathways and sources of different surface/subsurface waters advected into the chlorophyll bloom area east off the islands studied during the KEOPS2 cruise. The PF location determined as the northernmost boundary of the Winter Water colder than 2°C, which is also associated with a band of strong currents, appears to be primarily controlled by topography. The PF rounds the Kerguelen Islands from the south to deflect northward along the eastern escarpment up to the northeastern corner of the Kerguelen Plateau before making its southward retroflection. It is shown that the major surface/subsurface waters found within the deep basin east of the Kerguelen Islands originate from the shelf around the Heard Island, rather than from the shallow shelf north of the Kerguelen Islands. |
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688 |
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2169-9275 |
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2169-9275 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6839 |
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Ross J. Turner, Martin Gal, Mark A. Hemer, Anya M. Reading |
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Title |
Impacts of the Cryosphere and Atmosphere on Observed Microseisms Generated in the Southern Ocean |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
125 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
e2019JF005354 |
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Abstract |
The Southern Ocean (in the region 60–180° E) south of the Indian Ocean, Australia, and the West Pacific is noted for the frequent occurrence and severity of its storms. These storms give rise to high-amplitude secondary microseisms from sources, including the deep ocean regions, and primary microseisms where the swells impinge on submarine topographic features. A better understanding of the varying microseism wavefield enables improvements to seismic imaging and development of proxy observables to complement sparse in situ wave observations and hindcast models of the global ocean wave climate. We analyze 12–26 years of seismic data from 11 seismic stations either on the East Antarctic coast or sited in the Indian Ocean, Australia, and New Zealand. The power spectral density of the seismic wavefield is calculated to explore how the time-changing microseism intensity varies with (i) sea ice coverage surrounding Antarctica and (ii) the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) climate index. Variations in sea ice extent are found to be the dominant control on the microseism intensity at Antarctic stations, which exhibit a seasonal pattern phase-shifted by 4–5 months compared to stations in other continents. Peaks in extremal intensity at East Antarctic stations occur in March–April, with the highest peaks for secondary microseisms occurring during negative SAM events. This relationship between microseism intensity and the SAM index is opposite to that observed on the Antarctic Peninsula. This work informs the complexity of microseism amplitudes in the Southern Hemisphere and assists ongoing interdisciplinary investigations of interannual variability and long-term trends. |
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133 |
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2169-9011 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7668 |
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Author |
Robert A. Massom, A. Barry Giles, Roland C. Warner, Helen A. Fricker, Benoit Legrésy, Glenn Hyland, Lydie Lescarmontier, Neal Young |
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Title |
External influences on the Mertz Glacier Tongue (East Antarctica) in the decade leading up to its calving in 2010 |
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Journal |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
120 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
490-506 |
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Keywords |
dynamics glacier tongue grounding icebergs |
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Abstract |
The Mertz Glacier Tongue (MGT) in East Antarctica lost 55% of its floating length in February 2010, when it calved large tabular iceberg C28 (78 × 35 km). We analyze the behavior of the MGT over the preceding 12 years using a variety of satellite data (synthetic aperture radar and Landsat imagery and Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite laser altimetry). Contact of its northwestern tip with the eastern flank of shoals from 2002/2003 caused eastward deflection of the ice flow by up to 47°. This change contributed to opening of a major rift system 80 km to the south, along which iceberg C28 eventually calved. Paradoxically, the seabed contact may have also held the glacier tongue in place to delay calving by 8 years. Our study also reveals the effects of other, more localized external influences on the MGT prior to calving. These include an abrupt sideways displacement of the glacier tongue front by at least 145 m following an apparent collision with iceberg C08 in early 2002 and calving of numerous small icebergs from the advancing northwestern front due to the “chiseling” action of small grounded icebergs and seabed contact, resulting in the loss of 36 km2 of ice from 2001 to 2006. The example of the MGT confirms the need for accurate bathymetry in the vicinity of ice shelves and glacier tongues and suggests that the cumulative effect of external factors might be critical to understanding and modeling calving events and ice shelf stability, necessarily on a case-specific basis. |
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1050 |
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2169-9011 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8190 |
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Author |
Steven Franke, Daniela Jansen, Sebastian Beyer, Niklas Neckel, Tobias Binder, John Paden, Olaf Eisen |
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Title |
Complex Basal Conditions and Their Influence on Ice Flow at the Onset of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
126 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e2020JF005689 |
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Keywords |
basal roughness bed conditions Greenland Ice Sheet ice stream Northeast Greenland Ice Stream radio-echo sounding |
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Abstract |
Abstract The ice stream geometry and large ice surface velocities at the onset region of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) are not yet well reproduced by ice sheet models. The quantification of basal sliding and a parametrization of basal conditions remains a major gap. In this study, we assess the basal conditions of the onset region of the NEGIS in a systematic analysis of airborne ultra-wideband radar data. We evaluate basal roughness and basal return echoes in the context of the current ice stream geometry and ice surface velocity. We observe a change from a smooth to a rougher bed where the ice stream widens, and a distinct roughness anisotropy, indicating a preferred orientation of subglacial structures. In the upstream region, the excess ice mass flux through the shear margins is evacuated by ice flow acceleration and along-flow stretching of the ice. At the downstream part, the generally rougher bed topography correlates with a decrease in flow acceleration and lateral variations in ice surface velocity. Together with basal water routing pathways, this hints to two different zones in this part of the NEGIS: the upstream region collecting water, with a reduced basal traction, and downstream, where the ice stream is slowing down and is widening on a rougher bed, with a distribution of basal water toward the shear margins. Our findings support the hypothesis that the NEGIS is strongly interconnected to the subglacial water system in its onset region, but also to the subglacial substrate and morphology. |
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Programme |
1180 |
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ISSN |
2169-9003 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7272 |
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Author |
Pieterse G, Krol M C, Batenburg A M, M Brenninkmeijer C A, Popa M E, O'Doherty S, Grant A, Steele L P, Krummel P B, Langenfelds R L, Wang H J, Vermeulen A T, Schmidt M, Yver C, Jordan A, Engel A, Fisher R E, Lowry D, Nisbet E G, Reimann S, Vollmer M K, Steinbacher M, Hammer S, Forster G, Sturges W T, Röckmann T, |
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Title |
Reassessing the variability in atmospheric H2 using the two-way nested TM5 model
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
118 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
3764-3780 |
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Keywords |
0315 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions, 0317 Chemical kinetic and photochemical properties, 0322 Constituent sources and sinks, 0365 Troposphere: composition and chemistry, 0368 Troposphere: constituent transport and chemistry, Chemical Transport Model, Dry deposition, Hydrogen isotopes, Molecular hydrogen, Sources and sinks, Tropospheric budget, |
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Abstract |
This work reassesses the global atmospheric budget of H2 with the TM5 model. The recent adjustment of the calibration scale for H2 translates into a change in the tropospheric burden. Furthermore, the ECMWF Reanalysis-Interim (ERA-Interim) data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) used in this study show slower vertical transport than the operational data used before. Consequently, more H2 is removed by deposition. The deposition parametrization is updated because significant deposition fluxes for snow, water, and vegetation surfaces were calculated in our previous study. Timescales of 1–2 h are asserted for the transport of H2 through the canopies of densely vegetated regions. The global scale variability of H2 and δ[DH2] is well represented by the updated model. H2 is slightly overestimated in the Southern Hemisphere because too little H2 is removed by dry deposition to rainforests and savannahs. The variability in H2 over Europe is further investigated using a high-resolution model subdomain. It is shown that discrepancies between the model and the observations are mainly caused by the finite model resolution. The tropospheric burden is estimated at 165±8 Tg H2. The removal rates of H2 by deposition and photochemical oxidation are estimated at 53±4 and 23±2 Tg H2/yr, resulting in a tropospheric lifetime of 2.2±0.2 year. |
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416 |
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2169-8996 |
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yes |
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4452 |
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Author |
Hill-Falkenthal, J., A. Priyadarshi, J. Savarino, and M. H. Thiemens |
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Title |
Seasonal variations in 35S and Δ17O of sulfate aerosols on the Antarctic plateau |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. |
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The first reported seasonal Δ17O anomaly in sulfate aerosols and measurements of radioactive 35SO42− activities collected from Dome C, Antarctica, are reported. Δ17O values exhibit minima during summer (as low as 0.91‰) when tropospheric oxidation patterns are dominated by OH/H2O2 mechanisms. Significant enrichment during autumn and spring is observed (up to 2.40‰) as ozone oxidation increases in the troposphere relative to summer and both stratospheric sources and long-range transport become more significant to the total sulfate budget. An unexpected decrease in Δ17O is seen as winter progresses. This decline is concluded to potentially arise due to a reduction in vertical mixing in the troposphere or linked to variations in the long-range transport of sulfur species to Antarctica. 35SO42− activities exhibit maxima during summer (up to 1219 atoms 35S/m3) that correlate with the peak in stratospheric flux and minima during winter (as low as 146 atoms 35S/m3) when the lack of solar radiation substantially reduces photochemical activity. It is shown that 35S offers the potential to be used as an additional tracer to study stratospheric and tropospheric interactions and is used to estimate stratospheric input of sulfur (combination of SO2 and SO42−). Stratospheric sulfur input produces maxima during summer/autumn with an upper limit of 5.5 ng/m3 and minima during winter/spring with an upper limit of 1.1 ng/m3. From these results, it is concluded that the variation in Δ17O is more reliant upon shifts in tropospheric oxidation mechanisms and long-range transport than on changes in the stratospheric flux. |
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1011 |
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2169-8996 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4471 |
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Author |
Genthon Christophe, Six Delphine, Gallée Hubert, Grigioni Paolo, Pellegrini Andrea, |
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Title |
Two years of atmospheric boundary layer observations on a 45-m tower at Dome C on the Antarctic plateau
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
118 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
3218-3232 |
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Keywords |
3307 Boundary layer processes, 3329 Mesoscale meteorology, 3349 Polar meteorology, 3394 Instruments and techniques, 9310 Antarctica, Antarctica, Boundary layer processes, Mesoscale meteorology, Polar meteorology, |
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Abstract |
The lower atmospheric boundary layer at Dome C on the Antarctic plateau has been continuously monitored along a 45-m tower since 2009. Two years of observations (2009 and 2010) are presented. A strong diurnal cycle is observed near the surface in summer but almost disappears at the top of the tower, indicating that the summer nocturnal inversion is very shallow. Very steep inversions reaching almost 1°C m-1 on average along the tower are observed in winter. They are stronger and more frequent during the colder 2010 winter, reaching a maximum in a layer ~10-15 m above the surface. Winter temperature is characterized by strong synoptic variability. An extreme warm event occurred in July 2009. The temperature reached -30°C, typical of mid-summer weather. Meteorological analyses which agree with the observations near the surface confirm that heat is propagated downward from higher elevations. A high total water column indicates moist air masses aloft originating from the lower latitudes. The coldest temperatures and strongest inversions are associated with characteristic synoptic patterns and a particularly dry atmosphere. Measurement of moisture in the clean and cold Antarctic plateau atmosphere is a challenging task. Supersaturations are very likely but are not revealed by the observations. This is possibly an instrumental artifact that would affect other moisture measurements made in similar conditions. In spite of this, such observations offer a stringent test of the robustness of the polar boundary layer in meteorological and climate models, addressing a major concern raised in the IPCC 2007 report. |
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1013 |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2169-8996 |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4488 |
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