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Author |
G. Hubert, S. Aubry |
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Title |
Study of the Impact of Past Extreme Solar Events on the Modern Air Traffic |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Space Weather |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
e2020SW002665 |
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Abstract |
The ancient solar energetic particle (SEP) events of 774/775 CE and 993/994 CE were characterized thanks to radionuclide productions stored in environmental archives as ice cores or tree rings. Primary cosmic ray spectra deduced from these cosmogenic isotope data indicate that the impact of these extreme SEP events would have been much more significant than any of the ones observed during the modern era. However, the impact of these should be studied more accurately in the framework of the ambient dose equivalent impacting aircrew and passengers in the air traffic context by considering physical parameters such as time profile or anisotropy properties. In this study, the impact that 774/775 CE and 993/994 CE past extreme SEP events could have had on modern air traffic is discussed. Possible event spectra for these ancient events are derived from the spectra ground-level enhancement (GLE) 5 and GLE 69, which have been observed during the modern era and have been widely studied/characterized using measurements. The investigations include the impact of the SEP activity on ambient dose equivalent, including detailed analyses considering route, airplane characteristics (departure, arrival, continent, airplane type), and the time occurrence of the SEP event. Statistical analyses show that additional dose levels can reach values on the order of 70 mSv, which is absolutely significant considering the current air traffic recommendations. The orders of magnitude of the ambient dose equivalent induced during past extreme SEP events raises a number of issues, both for aircrews and for avionics hardware. This study demonstrates that simulations can be useful for the evaluation of risks in case of extreme SEP events. |
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1112 |
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1542-7390 |
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yes |
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7934 |
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Title |
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Are Positively Associated with Thyroid Hormones in an Arctic Seabird |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
40 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
820-831 |
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Keywords |
Avian toxicity Ecotoxicology Endocrine-disrupting compounds Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance Thyroid hormones |
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330 |
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ISSN |
1552-8618 |
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yes |
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7967 |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ecological Monographs |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
91 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e01459 |
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109 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1557-7015 |
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yes |
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8210 |
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Title |
Recent Climate Variability around the Kerguelen Islands (Southern Ocean) Seen through Weather Regimes |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology |
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Volume |
60 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
711-731 |
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688,1044,1048 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1558-8424 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8003 |
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2021 |
Publication |
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions |
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Pages |
1-25 |
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133 |
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1561-8633 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8019 |
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Title |
An assessment of the endemic spermatophytes, pteridophytes and bryophytes of the French Overseas Territories: towards a better conservation outlook |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Biodiversity and conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
30 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
2097-2124 |
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136 |
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1572-9710 |
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yes |
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7976 |
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Title |
Predation by feral cats threatens great albatrosses |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Biological Invasions |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
2389-2405 |
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109 |
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ISSN |
1573-1464 |
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Serial |
7938 |
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Author |
Danish A. Ahmed, Emma J. Hudgins, Ross N. Cuthbert, Phillip J. Haubrock, David Renault, Elsa Bonnaud, Christophe Diagne, Franck Courchamp |
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Title |
Modelling the damage costs of invasive alien species |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Biological Invasions |
Abbreviated Journal |
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136 |
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1573-1464 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8090 |
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Author |
Anika Immer, Thomas Merkling, Olivier Chastel, Scott A. Hatch, Etienne Danchin, Pierrick Blanchard, Sarah Leclaire |
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Title |
Spying on your neighbours? Social information affects timing of breeding and stress hormone levels in a colonial seabird |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Evolutionary Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
35 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
463-481 |
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Abstract |
A good overlap between offspring energetic requirements and availability of resources is required for successful reproduction. Accordingly, individuals from numerous species fine-tune their timing of breeding by integrating cues that predict environmental conditions during the offspring period. Besides acquiring information from their direct interaction with the environment (personal information), individuals can integrate information by observing the behaviours or performance of others (social information). The use of social information is often beneficial because the accumulated knowledge of conspecifics may represent a source of information more reliable than the intrinsically more limited personal information. However, although social information constitutes the major source of information in a wide range of contexts, studies investigating its use in the context of timing of breeding are scarce. We investigated whether black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) used social information to adjust the timing of egg-laying. We manipulated social information using a food-supplementation experiment, known to advance kittiwakes' reproductive phenology. We expected food-supplemented and unsupplemented pairs to delay and advance, respectively, their timing of laying when surrounded by a majority of neighbours from the opposite food-treatment. However, both unsupplemented and food-supplemented kittiwakes delayed egg-laying when surrounded by a higher proportion of neighbours from the opposite food-treatment. This result shows that kittiwakes use social information to time egg-laying, but that it is not used to match the seasonal peak of food availability. We suggest that when social and personal cues give contradictory environmental information, individuals may benefit from delaying laying to gather more information to make better decisions about investment into eggs. Further, we explored a potential proximate mechanism for the pattern we report. We show that baseline corticosterone, known to mediate reproductive decisions, was lower in unsupplemented females facing a higher proportion of food-supplemented neighbours. Altogether, our results suggest that to fine-tune their timing of laying, kittiwakes use complex decision-making processes in which social and personal information interplay. |
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1162 |
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ISSN |
1573-8477 |
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1573-8477 |
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yes |
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8245 |
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Title |
Diel at-sea activity of two species of great albatrosses: the ontogeny of foraging and movement behaviour |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Avian Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
52 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
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Keywords |
albatross diel activity pattern Diomedea flight behavior foraging activity moon illumination night activity seabirds |
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Abstract |
The first year of life is a period of high mortality in animals. Reduced foraging capacities of naive individuals might be the primary cause of their mortality. These capacities are supposed to be progressively acquired during the first months of life. In this study, we investigate the ontogeny of flight capacities, by day and night, of first-year individuals, and compare it with adults from two closely related species of great albatrosses: Amsterdam Diomedea amsterdamensis and wandering Diomedea exulans albatrosses which forage in different environmental conditions. We used 71 tracks of 71 juvenile birds and 141 of 116 incubating adults to compare both age categories. In order to explore the effect of moon light on night activity, we elaborated a new formula which improves the precision of the proxy of moon illumination. By day, we found that juveniles of both species reach some adult foraging capacities in less than two months. By night, albatrosses have reduced activity increasing during the first weeks at sea for juveniles and changing in accordance with moon illumination for both juveniles and adults. A peak of flight activity at dawn and dusk was apparent for both species. Interspecific comparison underlined that Amsterdam albatrosses were more active than wandering albatrosses, suggesting a difference in food and foraging strategy. Overall, we highlighted how life history traits, environmental conditions and time of the day affect the foraging activity of two related species of seabirds. |
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1600-048X |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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7943 |
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