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Author Korbinian Sager, Christian Boehm, Laura Ermert, Lion Krischer, Andreas Fichtner doi  openurl
  Title Global-Scale Full-Waveform Ambient Noise Inversion Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 125 Issue 4 Pages e2019JB018644  
  Keywords computational seismology full-waveform inversion global tomography interferometry seismic noise  
  Abstract We present the first application of full-waveform ambient noise inversion to observed correlation functions that jointly constrains 3-D Earth structure and heterogeneous noise sources. For this, we model and interpret ambient noise correlations as recordings of correlation wavefields, which completely eliminates the limiting assumptions of Green's function retrieval, such as equipartitioning and homogeneous random noise sources. Our method accounts for seismic wave propagation physics in 3-D heterogeneous and attenuating media and also for the heterogeneous and nonstationary nature of the ambient noise field. Designed as a proof of concept, the study considers long periods from 100 to 300 s, thus focusing on the Earth's hum. Treating correlations as self-consistent observables allows us to make separate measurements on the causal and acausal branches of correlation functions, without any need to choose one of them or form the average. We validate our approach by assessing the quality of the obtained models and by comparing them to previous studies. This work is a step toward the establishment of full-waveform ambient noise inversion as a tomographic technique with the goal to go beyond ambient noise tomography based on Green's function retrieval.  
  Programme 133  
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  ISSN (down) 2169-9356 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7794  
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Author Jiuxun Yin, Marine A. Denolle, Huajian Yao doi  openurl
  Title Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Earthquake Dynamics: Case Study of the Mw 8.3 Illapel Earthquake, Chile Type Journal
  Year 2018 Publication Journal of geophysical research: solid earth Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 123 Issue 1 Pages 344-367  
  Keywords backprojection earthquake dynamics Illapel Earthquake radiated energy  
  Abstract We develop a methodology that combines compressive sensing backprojection (CS-BP) and source spectral analysis of teleseismic P waves to provide metrics relevant to earthquake dynamics of large events. We improve the CS-BP method by an autoadaptive source grid refinement as well as a reference source adjustment technique to gain better spatial and temporal resolution of the locations of the radiated bursts. We also use a two-step source spectral analysis based on (i) simple theoretical Green's functions that include depth phases and water reverberations and on (ii) empirical P wave Green's functions. Furthermore, we propose a source spectrogram methodology that provides the temporal evolution of dynamic parameters such as radiated energy and falloff rates. Bridging backprojection and spectrogram analysis provides a spatial and temporal evolution of these dynamic source parameters. We apply our technique to the recent 2015 Mw 8.3 megathrust Illapel earthquake (Chile). The results from both techniques are consistent and reveal a depth-varying seismic radiation that is also found in other megathrust earthquakes. The low-frequency content of the seismic radiation is located in the shallow part of the megathrust, propagating unilaterally from the hypocenter toward the trench while most of the high-frequency content comes from the downdip part of the fault. Interpretation of multiple rupture stages in the radiation is also supported by the temporal variations of radiated energy and falloff rates. Finally, we discuss the possible mechanisms, either from prestress, fault geometry, and/or frictional properties to explain our observables. Our methodology is an attempt to bridge kinematic observations with earthquake dynamics.  
  Programme 133  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN (down) 2169-9356 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7876  
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Author Weisen Shen, Douglas A. Wiens, Sridhar Anandakrishnan, Richard C. Aster, Peter Gerstoft, Peter D. Bromirski, Samantha E. Hansen, Ian W. D. Dalziel, David S. Heeszel, Audrey D. Huerta, Andrew A. Nyblade, Ralph Stephen, Terry J. Wilson, J. Paul Winberry doi  openurl
  Title The Crust and Upper Mantle Structure of Central and West Antarctica From Bayesian Inversion of Rayleigh Wave and Receiver Functions Type Journal
  Year 2018 Publication Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 123 Issue 9 Pages 7824-7849  
  Keywords ambient noise tomography Antarctica crust and uppermost mantle Gamburtsev Mountains seismology Transantarctic Mountains  
  Abstract We construct a new seismic model for central and West Antarctica by jointly inverting Rayleigh wave phase and group velocities along with P wave receiver functions. Ambient noise tomography exploiting data from more than 200 seismic stations deployed over the past 18 years is used to construct Rayleigh wave phase and group velocity dispersion maps. Comparison between the ambient noise phase velocity maps with those constructed using teleseismic earthquakes confirms the accuracy of both results. These maps, together with P receiver function waveforms, are used to construct a new 3-D shear velocity (Vs) model for the crust and uppermost mantle using a Bayesian Monte Carlo algorithm. The new 3-D seismic model shows the dichotomy of the tectonically active West Antarctica (WANT) and the stable and ancient East Antarctica (EANT). In WANT, the model exhibits a slow uppermost mantle along the Transantarctic Mountains (TAMs) front, interpreted as the thermal effect from Cenozoic rifting. Beneath the southern TAMs, the slow uppermost mantle extends horizontally beneath the traditionally recognized EANT, hypothesized to be associated with lithospheric delamination. Thin crust and lithosphere observed along the Amundsen Sea coast and extending into the interior suggest involvement of these areas in Cenozoic rifting. EANT, with its relatively thick and cold crust and lithosphere marked by high Vs, displays a slower Vs anomaly beneath the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains in the uppermost mantle, which we hypothesize may be the signature of a compositionally anomalous body, perhaps remnant from a continental collision.  
  Programme 133  
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  ISSN (down) 2169-9356 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7878  
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Author Afsaneh Mohammadzaheri, Karin Sigloch, Kasra Hosseini, Mitchell G. Mihalynuk doi  openurl
  Title Subducted Lithosphere Under South America From Multifrequency P Wave Tomography Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 126 Issue 6 Pages e2020JB020704  
  Keywords Andes intra-arc intra-oceanic subduction seismic tomography South America structure of the mantel  
  Abstract We analyze mantle structure under South America in the DETOX-P1 seismic tomography model, a global-scale, multifrequency inversion of teleseismic P waves. DETOX-P1 inverts the most extensive data set of broadband, waveform-based traveltime measurements to date, complemented by analyst-picked traveltimes from the ISC-EHB catalog. The mantle under South America is sampled by ∼665,000 cross-correlation traveltimes measured on 529 South American broadband stations and on 5,389 stations elsewhere. By their locations, depths, and geometries, we distinguish four high-velocity provinces under South America, interpreted as subducted lithosphere (“slabs”). The deepest (∼1,800–1,200 km depth) and shallowest (<600 km) slab provinces are observed beneath the Andean Cordillera near the continent’s northwest coast. At intermediate depths (1,200–900 km, 900–600 km), two slab provinces are observed farther east, under Brazil, Bolivia and Venezuela, with links to the Caribbean. We interpret the slabs relative to South America’s paleo-position over time, exploring the hypothesis that slabs sank essentially vertically after widening by viscous deformation in the mantle transition zone. The shallowest slab province carries the geometric imprint of the continental margin and represents ocean-beneath-continent subduction during Cenozoic times. The deepest, farthest west slab complex formed under intra-oceanic trenches during late Jurassic and Cretaceous times, far west of South America’s paleo-position adjoined to Africa. The two intermediate slab complexes record the Cretaceous transition from westward intra-oceanic subduction to eastward subduction beneath South America. This geophysical inference matches geologic records of the transition from Jura-Cretaceous, extensional “intra-arc” basins to basin inversion and onset of the modern Andean arc ∼85 Ma.  
  Programme 133  
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  ISSN (down) 2169-9356 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7991  
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Author Jun Xie, Risheng Chu, Sidao Ni doi  openurl
  Title Evaluating Global Tomography Models With Antipodal Ambient Noise Cross-Correlation Functions Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 126 Issue 3 Pages e2020JB020444  
  Keywords ambient noise cross-correlation functions antipodal surface waves mantle heterogeneity tomography model evaluation  
  Abstract It is essential to evaluate global tomography models, which provide important information for understanding Earth's structure and dynamics. Long-period surface waves propagating between antipodal stations are good candidates for this purpose since they depend on global-scale velocity variations in the upper mantle. In this study, we extract minor-arc and major-arc Rayleigh waves from ambient noise cross correlations between GEOSCOPE station AIS and ∼1,800 USArray stations near the antipode of AIS. We identify two Rayleigh-wave-focusing regions and simulate the observed maximum amplitude pattern at the antipodal region using synthetic surface waves based on three global tomography models. Our simulations suggest that seismic heterogeneity of the tomography models need to be inflated by a factor of 2–3 in oceanic regions to explain the observed focusing pattern of surface waves near the antipodal region.  
  Programme 133  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN (down) 2169-9356 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7993  
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Author Erica M. Lucas, Andrew A. Nyblade, Natalie J. Accardo, Andrew J. Lloyd, Douglas A. Wiens, Richard C. Aster, Terry J. Wilson, Ian W. Dalziel, Graham W. Stuart, John Paul O’Donnell, J. Paul Winberry, Audrey D. Huerta doi  openurl
  Title Shear Wave Splitting Across Antarctica: Implications for Upper Mantle Seismic Anisotropy Type Journal
  Year 2022 Publication Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 127 Issue 4 Pages e2021JB023325  
  Keywords anisotropy Antarctica shear wave splitting upper mantle  
  Abstract We examine upper mantle anisotropy across the Antarctic continent using 102 new shear wave splitting measurements obtained from teleseismic SKS, SKKS, and PKS phases combined with 107 previously published results. For the new measurements, an eigenvalue technique is used to estimate the fast polarization direction and delay time for each phase arrival, and high-quality measurements are stacked to determine the best-fit splitting parameters at each seismic station. The ensemble of splitting measurements shows largely NE-SW-oriented fast polarization directions across Antarctica, with a broadly clockwise rotation in polarization directions evident moving from west to east across the continent. Although the first-order pattern of NE-SW-oriented polarization directions is suggestive of a single plate-wide source of anisotropy, we argue the observed pattern of anisotropy more likely arises from regionally variable contributions of both lithospheric and sub-lithospheric mantle sources. Anisotropy observed in the interior of East Antarctica, a region underlain by thick lithosphere, can be attributed to relict fabrics associated with Precambrian tectonism. In contrast, anisotropy observed in coastal East Antarctica, the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM), and across much of West Antarctica likely reflects both lithospheric and sub-lithospheric mantle fabrics. While sub-lithospheric mantle fabrics are best associated with either plate motion-induced asthenospheric flow or small-scale convection, lithospheric mantle fabrics in coastal East Antarctica, the TAM, and West Antarctica generally reflect Jurassic—Cenozoic tectonic activity.  
  Programme 133  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN (down) 2169-9356 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8322  
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Author Félicie Korostelev, Yang Lu, Fabrizio Magrini, Lapo Boschi, Sylvie Leroy, William Vétel doi  openurl
  Title Images of the East African Rift System by Global Adaptive-Resolution Surface-Wave Tomography Type Journal
  Year 2022 Publication Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 127 Issue 6 Pages e2021JB023570  
  Keywords East African Rift System surface-wave velocity model  
  Abstract In this study we map the entire East African Rift System (EARS) within a global surface-wave velocity model to better constrain the structure of the underlying mantle, as well as patterns that might be associated with its continuation in the Mozambique Channel. We use all publicly available seismograms from the African continent, amounting to 1296 stations and more than 30 years of recordings. From these data, we obtain dispersion curves using both ambient noise and teleseismic earthquakes. To our measurements, we add global counterparts and jointly invert them for phase-velocity maps. We exploit a linearized inversion based on the ray theory, with an adaptive parameterization that allows for maximizing the resolution of the final maps based on the density of data coverage. We thus image the main African cratons and also some of the Archean blocks within them. We highlight the discontinuous nature of magmatic activity along the EARS and also display low-velocity anomalies beneath the Comores Archipelago, Madagascar and Bassas da India volcanic islands and seamounts. This last low-velocity anomaly is in the direct continuation of the EARS and could unveil an important magmatic system in the Mozambique Channel.  
  Programme 133  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 2169-9356 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8574  
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Author Pejić Tanja, Tkalčić Hrvoje, Sambridge Malcolm, Cormier Vernon F., Benavente Roberto doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Attenuation tomography of the upper inner core Type Journal
  Year 2017 Publication Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 122 Issue 4 Pages 3008-3032  
  Keywords attenuation inner core tomography  
  Abstract Abstract The solidification of the Earth's inner core shapes its texture and rheology, affecting the attenuation and scattering of seismic body waves transmitted through it. Applying attenuation tomography in a Bayesian framework to 398 high?quality PKIKP waveforms, we invert for the apparent Qp for the uppermost 400?km below the inner core boundary at latitudes 45°S to 45°N. We use damping and smoothing for regularization of the inversion, and it seems that the smoothing regularization combined with the discrepancy principle works better for this particular problem of attenuation tomography. The results are consistent with a regional variation in inner core attenuation more complex than hemispherical, suggesting coupling between inner core solidification and the thermal structure of the lowermost mantle.  
  Programme 133  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 2169-9313 ISBN 2169-9313 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6767  
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Author Creasy Neala, Long Maureen D., Ford Heather A. doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Deformation in the lowermost mantle beneath Australia from observations and models of seismic anisotropy Type Journal
  Year 2017 Publication Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 122 Issue 7 Pages 5243-5267  
  Keywords anisotropy lowermost mantle mantle dynamics postperovskite shear wave splitting  
  Abstract Abstract Observations of seismic anisotropy near the core?mantle boundary may yield constraints on patterns of lowermost mantle flow. We examine seismic anisotropy in the lowermost mantle beneath Australia, bounded by the African and Pacific Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces. We combined measurements of differential splitting of SKS?SKKS and S?ScS phases sampling our study region over a range of azimuths, using data from 10 long?running seismic stations. Observations reveal complex and laterally heterogeneous anisotropy in the lowermost mantle. We identified two subregions for which we have robust measurements of D??associated splitting for a range of ray propagation directions and applied a forward modeling strategy to understand which anisotropic scenarios are consistent with the observations. We tested a variety of elastic tensors and orientations, including single?crystal elasticity of lowermost mantle minerals (bridgmanite, postperovskite, and ferropericlase), tensors based on texture modeling in postperovskite aggregates, elasticity predicted from deformation experiments on polycrystalline MgO aggregates, and tensors that approximate the shape preferred orientation of partial melt. We find that postperovskite scenarios are more consistently able to reproduce the observations. Beneath New Zealand, the observations suggest a nearly horizontal [100] axis orientation with an azimuth that agrees well with the horizontal flow direction predicted by previous mantle flow models. Our modeling results further suggest that dominant slip on the (010) plane in postperovskite aggregates provides a good fit to the data but the solution is nonunique. Our results have implications for the mechanisms of deformation and anisotropy in the lowermost mantle and for the patterns of mantle flow.  
  Programme 133  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 2169-9313 ISBN 2169-9313 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6768  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Zhitu Ma, Colleen A. Dalton doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Evolution of the lithosphere in the Indian Ocean from combined earthquake and ambient noise tomography Type Journal
  Year 2017 Publication Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 122 Issue 1 Pages 354-371  
  Keywords ambient noise Indian Ocean surface wave  
  Abstract Abstract Rayleigh wave dispersion extracted from ambient seismic noise has been widely used to image crustal and uppermost mantle structure. Applications of this approach in continental settings are abundant, but there have been relatively few studies within ocean basins. By cross-correlating ambient noise recorded at broadband seismic stations around the Indian Ocean, we demonstrate the feasibility of extracting high-quality, long-period (10?30 mHz) Rayleigh waves that traverse the entire ocean basin. High-quality Rayleigh wave cross-correlation functions can be obtained from stacking waveforms over less than 2 years at land stations and less than 4 years at island stations. We show that adding the dispersion information extracted from ambient noise to a global earthquake data set can improve the resolution of phase velocity maps by about 20% in the northern Indian Ocean, where the station distribution is the best. We find that a plate cooling model with a potential temperature of 1450°C and plate thickness of 125 km can fit both the seismic observations and seafloor topography. The Seychelles-Mascarene Plateau is characterized by anomalously slow velocity at 30 mHz. The inclusion of ambient noise data in the tomographic inversion shifts the slow velocity anomaly into better agreement with the topographic relief, allowing us to estimate its crustal thickness and confirm that the plateau's elevation is supported by thick crust. The 10 and 20 mHz phase velocity maps show a strong asymmetry across the Central Indian Ridge that is best explained by eastward asthenospheric flow emanating from nearby hot spots.  
  Programme 133  
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  ISSN (down) 2169-9313 ISBN 2169-9313 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7326  
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