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Rob Harcourt, Mark A. Hindell, Clive R. McMahon, Kimberly T. Goetz, Jean-Benoit Charrassin, Karine Heerah, Rachel Holser, Ian D. Jonsen, Michelle R. Shero, Xavier Hoenner, Rose Foster, Baukje Lenting, Esther Tarszisz, Matthew Harry Pinkerton |
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Title |
Regional Variation in Winter Foraging Strategies by Weddell Seals in Eastern Antarctica and the Ross Sea |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
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Abstract |
The relative importance of intrinsic and extrinsic determinants of animal foraging is often difficult to quantify. The most southerly breeding mammal, the Weddell seal, remains in the Antarctic pack-ice year-round. We compared Weddell seals tagged at three geographically and hydrographically distinct locations in East Antarctica (Prydz Bay, Terre Adélie, and the Ross Sea) to quantify the role of individual variability and habitat structure in winter foraging behaviour. Most Weddell seals remained in relatively small areas close to the coast throughout the winter, but some dispersed widely. Individual utilisation distributions (UDi, a measure of the total area used by an individual seal) ranged from 125 to 20,825 km2. This variability was not due to size or sex but may be due to other intrinsic states for example reproductive condition or personality. The type of foraging (benthic vs. pelagic) varied from 56.6 ± 14.9% benthic dives in Prydz Bay through 42.1 ± 9.4% Terre Adélie to only 25.1 ± 8.7% in the Ross Sea reflecting regional hydrographic structure. The probability of benthic diving was less likely the deeper the ocean. Ocean topography was also influential at the population level; seals from Terre Adélie, with its relatively narrow continental shelf, had a core (50%) UD of only 200 km2, considerably smaller than the Ross Sea (1650 km2) and Prydz Bay (1700 km2). Sea ice concentration had little influence on the time the seals spent in shallow coastal waters, but in deeper offshore water they used areas of higher ice concentration. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Ross Sea encompass all the observed Weddell seal habitat, and future MPAs that include the Antarctic continental shelf are likely to effectively protect key Weddell seal habitat. |
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1182 |
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2296-7745 |
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2296-7745 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8609 |
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Loïc Le Ster, Hervé Claustre, Francesco d’Ovidio, David Nerini, Baptiste Picard, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
Improved accuracy and spatial resolution for bio-logging-derived chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements in the Southern Ocean |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
bio-logging tag chla fluorescence Sensor calibration Southern elephant seal Southern Ocean Submesoscale |
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Abstract |
The ocean’s meso- and submeso-scales (1-100 km, days to weeks) host features like filaments and eddies that have a key structuring effect on phytoplankton distribution, but that due to their ephemeral nature, are challenging to observe. This problem is exacerbated in regions with heavy cloud coverage and/or difficult access like the Southern Ocean, where observations of phytoplankton distribution by satellite are sparse, manned campaigns costly, and automated devices limited by power consumption. Here, we address this issue by considering high-resolution in-situ data from 18 bio-logging devices deployed on southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) in the Kerguelen Islands between 2018 and 2020. These devices have submesoscale-resolving capabilities of light profiles due to the high spatio-temporal frequency of the animals’ dives (on average 1.1 +-0.6 km between consecutive dives, up to 60 dives per day), but observations of fluorescence are much coarser due to power constraints. Furthermore, the chlorophyll a concentrations derived from the (uncalibrated) bio-logging devices’ fluorescence sensors lack a common benchmark to properly qualify the data and allow comparisons of observations. By proposing a method based on functional data analysis, we show that a reliable predictor of chlorophyll a concentration can be constructed from light profiles (14 686 in our study). The combined use of light profiles and matchups with satellite ocean-color data enable effective (1) homogenization then calibration of the bio-logging devices’ fluorescence data and (2) filling of the spatial gaps in coarse-grained fluorescence sampling. The developed method improves the spatial resolution of the chlorophyll a field description from ~30 km to ~12 km. These results open the way to empirical study of the coupling between physical forcing and biological response at submesoscale in the Southern Ocean, especially useful in the context of upcoming high-resolution ocean-circulation satellite missions. |
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1201 |
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2296-7745 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8770 |
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Rob S. A. van Bemmelen, Yann Kolbeinsson, Raül Ramos, Olivier Gilg, José A. Alves, Malcolm Smith, Hans Schekkerman, Aleksi Lehikoinen, Ib Krag Petersen, Böðvar Þórisson, Aleksandr A. Sokolov, Kaisa Välimäki, Tim van der Meer, J. David Okill, Mark Bolton, Børge Moe, Sveinn Are Hanssen, Loïc Bollache, Aevar Petersen, Sverrir Thorstensen, Jacob González-Solís, Raymond H. G. Klaassen, Ingrid Tulp |
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Title |
A Migratory Divide Among Red-Necked Phalaropes in the Western Palearctic Reveals Contrasting Migration and Wintering Movement Strategies |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Flexibility Itineracy Migration strategy Phalaropus lobatus plasticity Red-necked Phalarope |
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Abstract |
Non-breeding movement strategies of migratory birds may be expected to be flexibly adjusted to the distribution and quality of habitat, but only few studies compare movement strategies between populations using distinct migration routes and wintering areas. In thisour study, individual movement strategies of Rred-necked pPhalaropes Phalaropus lobatus, a long-distance migratory wader using saline waters in the non-breeding period, were studied using light-level geolocators. Results revealed the existence of two populations with distinct migration routes and wintering areas: one breeding in the north-eastern North Atlantic and migrating ca. 10,000 km oversea to the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean and the other breeding in Fennoscandia and Russia migrating ca. 6,000 km – largely over land – to the Arabian Sea (Indian Ocean). In line with our expectations, the transoceanic migration between the North Atlantic and the Pacific was associated with proportionately longer wings, a more even spread of stopovers in autumn and a higher migration speed in spring compared to the migration between Fennoscandian-Russian breeding grounds and the Arabian Sea. In the wintering period, birds wintering in the Pacific were stationaryresided in roughly a singlethe same area, whereas individuals wintering in the Arabian Sea showed individually consistent movementsd extensively between different areas, reflecting differences in spatio-temporal variation in primary productivity between the two wintering areas. Our study is unique in showing how habitat distribution shapes movement strategies over the entire non-breeding period within a species. |
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1036 |
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ISSN |
2296-701X |
ISBN |
2296-701X |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6953 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Wheeler, H. C., Berteaux, D., Furgal, C., Parlee, B., Yoccoz, N.G., Grémillet, D. |
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Title |
Stakeholder perspectives on triage in wildlife monitoring in a rapidly changing Arctic |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Frontiers in ecology and evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front. Ecol. Evol. |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Monitoring activities provide a core contribution to wildlife conservation in the Arctic. Effective monitoring which allows changes in population status to be detected early, provides opportunities to mitigate pressures driving declines. Monitoring triage involves decisions about how and where to prioritise activities in species and ecosystem based monitoring. In particular, monitoring triage examines whether to divert resources away from species where there is high likelihood of extinction in the near-future in favour of species where monitoring activities may produce greater conservation benefits. As a place facing both rapid change with a high likelihood of population extinctions, and serious logistic and financial challenges for field data acquisition, the Arctic provides a good context in which to examine attitudes toward triage in monitoring. For effective decision-making to emerge from monitoring, multiple stakeholders must be involved in defining aims and priorities. We conducted semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in arctic wildlife monitoring (either contributing to observation and recording of wildlife, using information from wildlife observation and recording, or using wildlife as a resource) to elicit their perspectives on triage in wildlife monitoring in the Arctic. The majority (56%) of our 23 participants were predominantly in opposition to triage, 26% were in support of triage and 17% were undecided. Representatives of Indigenous organisations were more likely to be opposed to triage than scientists and those involved in decision-making showed greatest support for triage amongst the scientist participants. Responses to the concept of triage included that: 1) The species-focussed approach associated with triage did not match their more systems-based view (5 participants), 2) Important information is generated through monitoring threatened species which advances understanding of the drivers of change, responses and ecosystem consequences (5 participants), 3) There is an obligation to try to monitor and conserve threatened species (4 participants), and 4) Monitoring needs to address local people’s needs which may be overlooked under triage (3 participants). The complexity of decision-making to create monitoring programmes that maximise benefits to biodiversity and people makes prioritisation with simple models difficult. Using scenarios to identify desirable trajectories of Arctic stewardship may be an effective means of identifying monitoring needs. |
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388 |
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2296-701X |
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Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
6566 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Helen C. Wheeler, Dominique Berteaux, Chris Furgal, Brenda Parlee, Nigel G. Yoccoz, David Grémillet |
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Title |
Stakeholder Perspectives on Triage in Wildlife Monitoring in a Rapidly Changing Arctic |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Arctic monitoring decision-making Polar observation Priorization recording wildlife conservation |
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Abstract |
Monitoring activities provide a core contribution to wildlife conservation in the Arctic. Effective monitoring which allows changes in population status to be detected early, provides opportunities to mitigate pressures driving declines. Monitoring triage involves decisions about how and where to prioritise activities in species and ecosystem based monitoring. In particular, monitoring triage examines whether to divert resources away from species where there is high likelihood of extinction in the near-future in favour of species where monitoring activities may produce greater conservation benefits. As a place facing both rapid change with a high likelihood of population extinctions, and serious logistic and financial challenges for field data acquisition, the Arctic provides a good context in which to examine attitudes toward triage in monitoring. For effective decision-making to emerge from monitoring, multiple stakeholders must be involved in defining aims and priorities. We conducted semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in arctic wildlife monitoring (either contributing to observation and recording of wildlife, using information from wildlife observation and recording, or using wildlife as a resource) to elicit their perspectives on triage in wildlife monitoring in the Arctic. The majority (56%) of our 23 participants were predominantly in opposition to triage, 26% were in support of triage and 17% were undecided. Representatives of Indigenous organisations were more likely to be opposed to triage than scientists and those involved in decision-making showed greatest support for triage amongst the scientist participants. Responses to the concept of triage included that: 1) The species-focussed approach associated with triage did not match their more systems-based view (5 participants), 2) Important information is generated through monitoring threatened species which advances understanding of the drivers of change, responses and ecosystem consequences (5 participants), 3) There is an obligation to try to monitor and conserve threatened species (4 participants), and 4) Monitoring needs to address local people’s needs which may be overlooked under triage (3 participants). The complexity of decision-making to create monitoring programmes that maximise benefits to biodiversity and people makes prioritisation with simple models difficult. Using scenarios to identify desirable trajectories of Arctic stewardship may be an effective means of identifying monitoring needs. |
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Programme |
388 |
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Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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ISSN |
2296-701X |
ISBN |
2296-701X |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6918 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Helen C. Wheeler, Dominique Berteaux, Chris Furgal, Brenda Parlee, Nigel G. Yoccoz, David Grémillet |
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Title |
Stakeholder Perspectives on Triage in Wildlife Monitoring in a Rapidly Changing Arctic |
Type |
Journal |
| |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Arctic monitoring decision-making Polar observation Priorization recording wildlife conservation |
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Abstract |
Monitoring activities provide a core contribution to wildlife conservation in the Arctic. Effective monitoring which allows changes in population status to be detected early, provides opportunities to mitigate pressures driving declines. Monitoring triage involves decisions about how and where to prioritise activities in species and ecosystem based monitoring. In particular, monitoring triage examines whether to divert resources away from species where there is high likelihood of extinction in the near-future in favour of species where monitoring activities may produce greater conservation benefits. As a place facing both rapid change with a high likelihood of population extinctions, and serious logistic and financial challenges for field data acquisition, the Arctic provides a good context in which to examine attitudes toward triage in monitoring. For effective decision-making to emerge from monitoring, multiple stakeholders must be involved in defining aims and priorities. We conducted semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in arctic wildlife monitoring (either contributing to observation and recording of wildlife, using information from wildlife observation and recording, or using wildlife as a resource) to elicit their perspectives on triage in wildlife monitoring in the Arctic. The majority (56%) of our 23 participants were predominantly in opposition to triage, 26% were in support of triage and 17% were undecided. Representatives of Indigenous organisations were more likely to be opposed to triage than scientists and those involved in decision-making showed greatest support for triage amongst the scientist participants. Responses to the concept of triage included that: 1) The species-focussed approach associated with triage did not match their more systems-based view (5 participants), 2) Important information is generated through monitoring threatened species which advances understanding of the drivers of change, responses and ecosystem consequences (5 participants), 3) There is an obligation to try to monitor and conserve threatened species (4 participants), and 4) Monitoring needs to address local people’s needs which may be overlooked under triage (3 participants). The complexity of decision-making to create monitoring programmes that maximise benefits to biodiversity and people makes prioritisation with simple models difficult. Using scenarios to identify desirable trajectories of Arctic stewardship may be an effective means of identifying monitoring needs. |
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Programme |
388 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2296-701X |
ISBN |
2296-701X |
Medium |
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Expedition |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7297 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Karine Heerah, Sam L. Cox, Pierre Blevin, Christophe Guinet, Jean-Benoît Charrassin |
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Title |
Validation of Dive Foraging Indices Using Archived and Transmitted Acceleration Data: The Case of the Weddell Seal |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Frontiers in ecology and evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
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Pages |
30 |
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Keywords |
accelerometers Bio-logging diving behaviour foraging movement ecology Satelite relayed data logger Sea-ice |
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Abstract |
Dive data collected from archival and satellite tags can provide valuable information on foraging activity via the characterisation of movement patterns (e.g. wiggles, hunting time). However, a lack of validation limits interpretation of what these metrics truly represent in terms of behaviour and how predators interact with prey. Head-mounted accelerometers have proven to be effective for detecting prey catch attempt (PrCA) behaviours, and thus can provide a more direct measure of foraging activity. However, device retrieval is typically required to access the high-resolution data they record, restricting use to animals returning to predictable locations. In this study, we present and validate data obtained from newly developed satellite-relay data tags, capable of remotely transmitting summaries of tri-axial accelerometer measurements. We then use these summaries to assess foraging metrics generated from dive data only. Tags were deployed on four female Weddell seals in November 2014 at Dumont d’Urville, and successfully acquired data over ~two months. Retrieved archival data for one individual, and transmitted data for four individuals were used to (1) compare and validate abstracted accelerometer transmissions against outputs from established processing procedures, and (2) assess the validity of previously developed dive foraging indices, calculated solely from time-depth measurements. We found transmitted estimates of PrCA behaviours were generally comparable to those obtained from archival processing, although a small but consistent positive bias was noted. Following this, dive foraging segments were identified either from (1) sinuosity in the trajectories of high-resolution depth archives, or (2) vertical speeds between low resolution transmissions of key depth inflection points along a dive profile. In both cases, more than 93% of the estimated PrCA behaviours (from either abstracted transmissions or archival processing) fell into inferred dive foraging segments (i.e. « hunting » segments), suggesting the two methods provide a reliable indicator of foraging effort. The validation of transmitted acceleration data and foraging indices derived from time-depth recordings for Weddell seals offers new avenues for the study of foraging activity and dive energetics. This is especially pertinent for species from which tag retrieval is challenging, but also for the post-processing of the numerous low-resolution dive datasets already available. |
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109,1182 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2296-701X |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7516 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Petra Quillfeldt, Yves Cherel, Joan Navarro, Richard A. Phillips, Juan F. Masello, Cristián G. Suazo, Karine Delord, Paco Bustamante |
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Title |
Variation Among Species and Populations, and Carry-Over Effects of Winter Exposure on Mercury Accumulation in Small Petrels |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
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Pages |
915199 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Even in areas as remote as the Southern Ocean, marine organisms are exposed to contaminants that arrive through long-range atmospheric transport, such as mercury (Hg), a highly toxic metal. In previous studies in the Southern Ocean, inter-specific differences in Hg contamination in seabirds was generally related to their distribution and trophic position. However, the Blue Petrel (Halobaena caerulea) was a notable exception among small seabirds, with higher Hg levels than expected. In this study, we compared the Hg contamination of Blue Petrels and Thin-billed Prions (Pachyptila belcheri), which both spend the non-breeding season in polar waters, with that of Antarctic Prions (Pachyptila desolata), which spend the winter in subtropical waters. We collected body feathers and blood samples, representing exposure during different time-frames. Hg concentrations in feathers, which reflect contamination throughout the annual cycle, were related to δ13C values, and varied with ocean basin and species. Blue Petrels from breeding colonies in the southeast Pacific Ocean had much higher feather Hg concentrations than expected after accounting for latitude and their low trophic positions. Both Hg concentrations and δ15N in blood samples of Blue Petrels were much lower at the end than at the start of the breeding period, indicating a marked decline in Hg contamination and trophic positions, and the carry-over of Hg burdens between the wintering and breeding periods. Elevated Hg levels may reflect greater reliance on myctophids or foraging in sea-ice environments. Our study underlines that carry-over of Hg concentrations in prey consumed in winter may determine body Hg burdens well into the breeding season. |
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109 |
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Place of Publication |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2296-701X |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8415 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
C. Sauser, F. Angelier, P. Blévin, O. Chastel, G.W. Gabrielsen, W. Jouanneau, A. Kato, B. Moe, F. Ramírez, S. Tartu, S. Descamps |
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Title |
Demographic responses of Arctic seabirds to spring sea-ice variations |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The Arctic experiences a rapid retreat of sea-ice, particularly in spring and summer, which may dramatically affect pagophilic species. In recent years, the decline of many Arctic seabird populations has raised concerns about the potential role of sea-ice habitats on their demography. Spring sea-ice drives the dynamics of phytoplankton blooms, the basis of Arctic food webs, and changes in spring sea-ice have the potential to affect the demographic parameters of seabirds through bottom-up processes. To better understand the effects of spring sea-ice on Arctic seabirds, we investigated the influence of spring sea-ice concentration on the survival and breeding success of three seabird species with contrasted foraging strategies in two Svalbard fjords in the high Arctic. We examined these relationships using long-term demographic data (2005–2021) from black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), Brünnich guillemots (Uria lomvia), and little auks (Alle alle). Spring sea-ice concentration was positively related to both the survival and breeding success of little auks, suggesting a higher sensitivity of this species to spring sea-ice. By contrast, the two other species were not particularly sensitive to changes in spring sea-ice, even though a potentially spurious negative effect on the breeding success of black-legged kittiwakes was observed. Overall, the study suggests that spring sea-ice may be involved in the demography of Arctic seabirds, but probably does not play a major role. |
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330 |
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2296-701X |
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8533 |
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David Costantini, Pierre Blévin, Jan Ove Bustnes, Valérie Esteve, Geir Wing Gabrielsen, Dorte Herzke, Ségolène Humann-Guilleminot, Børge Moe, Charline Parenteau, Charlotte Récapet, Paco Bustamante, Olivier Chastel |
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Integument carotenoid-based colouration reflects contamination to perfluoroalkyl substances, but not mercury, in arctic black-legged kittiwakes |
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2022 |
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Frontiers in ecology and evolution |
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10 |
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952765 |
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Anthropogenic activities are introducing multiple chemical contaminants into ecosystems that act as stressors for wildlife. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and mercury (Hg) are two relevant contaminants that may cause detrimental effects on the fitness of many aquatic organisms. However, there is a lack of information on their impact on the expression of secondary sexual signals that animals use for mate choice. We have explored the correlations between integument carotenoid-based colourations, blood levels of carotenoids, and blood levels of seven PFAS and of total Hg (THg) in 50 adult male black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) from the Norwegian Arctic during the pre-laying period, while controlling for other colouration influencing variables such as testosterone and body condition. Kittiwakes with elevated blood concentrations of PFAS (PFOSlin, PFNA, PFDcA, PFUnA, or PFDoA) had less chromatic but brighter bills, and brighter gape and tongue; PFOSlin was the pollutant with the strongest association with bill colourations. Conversely, plasma testosterone was the only significant correlate of hue and chroma of both gape and tongue, and of hue of the bill. Kittiwakes with higher concentrations of any PFAS, but not of THg, tended to have significantly higher plasma concentrations of the carotenoids astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein, and cryptoxanthin. Our work provides the first correlative evidence that PFAS exposure might interfere with the carotenoid metabolism and the expression of integument carotenoid-based colourations in a free-living bird species. This outcome may be a direct effect of PFAS exposure or be indirectly caused by components of diet that also correlate with elevated PFAS concentrations (e.g., proteins). It also suggests that there might be no additive effect of THg co-exposure with PFAS on the expression of colourations. These results call for further work on the possible interference of PFAS with the expression of colourations used in mate choice. |
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2296-701X |
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2296-701X |
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8576 |
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