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Author |
O. Alemany, P. Talalay, P. Boissonneau, J. Chappellaz, J. F. Chemin, R. Duphil, E. Lefebvre, L. Piard, P. Possenti, J. Triest |
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Title |
The SUBGLACIOR drilling probe: hydraulic considerations |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Annals of Glaciology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
62 |
Issue |
84 |
Pages |
131-142 |
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Keywords |
Glaciological instruments and methods ice coring ice engineering paleoclimate |
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Abstract |
Using significant technological breakthroughs and unconventional approaches, the goal of the in situ probing of glacier ice for a better understanding of the orbital response of climate (SUBGLACIOR) project is to advance ice core research by inventing, constructing and testing an in situ probe to evaluate if a target site is suitable for recovering ice as old as 1.5 million years. Embedding a laser spectrometer, the probe is intended to make its own way down into the ice and to measure, in real time and down to the bedrock, the depth profiles of the ice ?D water isotopes as well as the trapped CH4 gas concentration and dust concentration. The probe descent is achieved through electromechanical drilling combined with continuous meltwater sample production using a central melting finger in the drill head. A key aspect of the project lies in the design and implementation of an efficient method to continuously transfer to the surface the ice chips being produced by the drill head and from the refreezed water expulsed downstream from the melting finger, into the borehole. This paper presents a detailed calculation and analysis of the flow rates and pressure conditions required to overcome friction losses of the drilling fluid and to effectively transport ice chips to the surface. |
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119 |
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0260-3055, 1727-5644 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8234 |
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Title |
Scouring by rafted ice and cryogenic patterned ground preserved in a Palaeoproterozoic equatorial proglacial lagoon succession, eastern India, Nuna supercontinent |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine and Petroleum Geology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
123 |
Issue |
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Pages |
104766 |
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Keywords |
Ice-rafted debris Iceberg scouring India Palaeoproterozoic Permafrost Proglacial Reticulate ice |
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316 |
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ISSN |
0264-8172 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6471 |
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Author |
Anzhou Cao, Zheng Guo, Xiaoyu Qi, Peiliang Li, Hailun He |
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Title |
Seasonal and nodal variations of predominant tidal constituents in the global ocean |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Continental Shelf Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
217 |
Issue |
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Pages |
104372 |
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Keywords |
Fitting Modified two-step harmonic analysis Nodal modulation Seasonal variation Tide gauge Tides |
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Abstract |
Tides are one of the basic types of ocean water motions. Previous studies have reported that the M2 constituent exhibits seasonal variations (annual cycles) in some regions. However, based on the newly proposed method of modified two-step harmonic analysis (HA) and its application at 240 global tide gauges, we find that the M2 constituent as well as the S2 and K1 do not have significant seasonal variations at these tide gauges. The seasonal variations of the M2 constituent reported in previous studies are caused by its satellites, the H1 and H2 constituents, which are not resolved in these studies due to the short time window (one month or three months) used in HA. Because the frequency of the H1 (H2) constituent is equal to that of the M2 minus (plus) the frequency of annual cycles, the superposition of the M2, H1 and H2 constituents with constant amplitudes is equivalent to the M2 constituent with seasonally varying amplitudes. Compared with the new method, some adaptations to traditional HA aiming to capture variations in amplitudes and phase lags of constituents have some limitations, because they either neglect some satellites of the major constitutes or introduce spurious fluctuations resulting from an unreasonably large number of independent points. The nodal modulations of predominant constituents are also explored in this study. On the global scale, the nodal modulations of the M2, K1 and O1 constituents agree with the theoretical predictions, except a cold spot region with reduced nodal modulation in the Gulf of Maine and a hot spot region with enhanced nodal modulation in the South China Sea for the M2. Nodal modulation is also found for the S2 constituent (in theory, the S2 has no nodal modulation), which is 0.8% averaged at 164 tide gauges where the S2 is not too weak. |
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688 |
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ISSN |
0278-4343 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8032 |
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Author |
Najat Bhiry, Dominique Marguerie, Tommy Weetaluktuk, Myosotis Desroches Bourgon, David Aoustin, Pierre M. Desrosiers, Dominique Todisco |
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Title |
Dorset and Thule Inuit occupations of Qikirtajuaq (Smith Island), Nunavik, Canada: a palaeoecological approach |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
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Volume |
Boreas |
Issue |
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Pages |
826-843 |
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Abstract |
Qikirtajuaq is a long island facing the Inuit village of Akulivik on the northeastern coast of Hudson Bay (Canada) that is rich in archaeological sites. Kangiakallak-1 (JeGn-2), one of the main sites on this island, is a large multicomponent site that includes Dorset and Thule Inuit winter houses. This study documents the dynamics of palaeoenvironmental conditions in the successive occupations of the Kangiakallak-1 settlement based on plant macrofossils, pollen and non-pollen palynomorph analyses and archaeological research. The data indicate that Dorset inhabitants constructed their dwelling at about 772 cal. a BP. The site was reused by the Thule Inuit a few decades later, starting at about 671 cal. a BP. Thus, Kangiakallak-1 is one of the few sites, at least in Nunavik (northern Quebec, Canada), that were rapidly reoccupied by the Thule Inuit after the departure of the Dorset inhabitants, which indicates a possible overlap between the two cultures in the Akulivik region. The palaeoecological data show that both Dorset and Thule inhabitants left clear footprints at the local scale in the form of several nitrophilous species that became established in and near the houses and persisted over a long period. The deposition of domestic waste (including bone fragments, skin, burnt fat and charcoal fragments) inside the subterranean dwellings fertilized the soil and led to the growth of unique nitrophilous plants. These changes transformed the houses into exceptional floristic refuges. |
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1080 |
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ISSN |
0300-9483 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8520 |
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Title |
Individual-based model of population dynamics in a sea urchin of the Kerguelen Plateau (Southern Ocean), Abatus cordatus, under changing environmental conditions |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ecological Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
440 |
Issue |
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Pages |
109352 |
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Keywords |
Climate change Dynamic energy budget Ecological modelling Endemic echinoderm Individual-based model Kerguelen Model sensitivity |
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1044 |
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ISSN |
0304-3800 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8002 |
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Author |
Pamela E. Michael, Chris Wilcox, Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Michael Sumner, Henri Weimerskirch |
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Title |
Dynamic enforcement of bycatch via reproductive value can increase theoretical efficiency |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Policy |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
132 |
Issue |
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Pages |
104684 |
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Keywords |
Albatross Bycatch Dynamic enforcement Dynamic ocean management Monitoring Reproductive value |
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Abstract |
Managing marine systems is challenging, as many marine species are highly mobile. Albatross exemplify this paradigm, overlapping multiple threats at sea, including bycatch. The typical characterization of bycatch, the number of individuals, ignores the long-term, population-wide repercussions of bycatch. Including an estimate of the reproductive value (RV, the loss of future reproductive contributions, given bycatch) is a complementary tool, incorporating the population-wide repercussions of bycatch. While bycatch management via dynamic spatial management allows management boundaries to move, it requires monitoring and enforcement to be effective. We provide a proof of concept to optimize bycatch enforcement activities by dynamically targeting areas of concentrated future productivity characterized by RV. This paper examined a population of black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophris) as a case study. We calculate RV and apply it to at-sea distributions. This creates spatiotemporally explicit surfaces used to prioritize times and locations for bycatch mitigation enforcement. Dynamic enforcement has greater theoretical efficiency than static enforcement, but this difference decreases with increasing population-wide RV subject to enforcement. Though there are implementation challenges, many can be reduced with existing tools providing various opportunities. Incorporating RV when characterizing the impacts of bycatch on a population and strategically applying dynamic bycatch enforcement based on RV can be a powerful, efficient component of dynamic ocean management. |
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109 |
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0308-597X |
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0308-597X |
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yes |
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8342 |
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Title |
First description of nest-decoration behaviour in a wild sub-Antarctic shorebird |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
188 |
Issue |
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Pages |
104408 |
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Keywords |
Animal communication Extended phenotype Nest decoration Non-bodily ornament Signal |
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Abstract |
A wide range of animal species accumulate objects in, on, and/or around structures they build. Sometimes, these accumulations serve specific functions (e.g. structural or isolating features) or are purely incidental, while in other cases the materials are deliberately displayed to serve signalling purposes (extended phenotype signals). In this pilot study, we employed systematic in situ observations and camera trapping to describe for the first time that both partners of a territorial shorebird, the black-faced sheathbill (Chionis minor ssp minor) collect, carry, and arrange colourful marine shells and dry twigs within and around their nest cavity. Our observations expand the taxonomic breadth of avian extended phenotype signals, by showing that at least one species within a largely understudied group i.e., Charadriiformes, exhibits nest-decoration behaviour. Multiple manipulative experiments are needed to explore further the signalling function of these decorations, which opens new exciting avenues for animal communication and cognition research. |
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0376-6357 |
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yes |
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7953 |
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Author |
Alexandra Lavrillier, Semen Gabyshev, Liudmila Egorova, Galina Makarova, Maia Lomovtseva-Adukanova |
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Title |
Analysing Non-Existent and Existing Tourisms in Eastern Siberia among the Evenki, Even, Koryak and Itelmen |
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Year |
2021 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
2020/3-2021/1 |
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1127 |
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0755-7809 |
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yes |
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6582 |
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Author |
Armelle Decaulne, Najat Bhiry, Janie Faucher-Roy, Clara Pelletier Boily |
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Title |
The development of Kangiqsualujjuaq and the threat of snow avalanches in a permafrost degradation context, Nunavik, Canada |
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Year |
2021 |
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2020/3-2021/1 |
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Keywords |
active layer Canada demographic growth Nordic village slopes snow avalanches |
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1148 |
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0755-7809 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8423 |
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Author |
Robert E. Anthony, Adam T. Ringler, Michael DuVernois, Kent R. Anderson, David C. Wilson |
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Title |
Six Decades of Seismology at South Pole, Antarctica: Current Limitations and Future Opportunities to Facilitate New Geophysical Observations |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Seismological Research Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
92 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
2718-2735 |
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133 |
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0895-0695 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8018 |
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