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Author |
L. Kernaléguen, J. P. Y. Arnould, C. Guinet, B. Cazelles, P. Richard, Y. Cherel |
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Title |
Early-life sexual segregation: ontogeny of isotopic niche differentiation in the Antarctic fur seal |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Scientific reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
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Pages |
33211 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Investigating the ontogeny of niche differentiation enables to determine at which life-stages sexual segregation arises, providing insights into the main factors driving resource partitioning. We investigated the ontogeny of foraging ecology in Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella), a highly dimorphic species with contrasting breeding strategies between sexes. Sequential δ13C and δ15N values of whiskers provided a longitudinal proxy of the foraging niche throughout the whole life of seals, from weaning, when size dimorphism is minimal to the age of 5. Females exhibited an early-life ontogenetic shift, from a total segregation during their first year at-sea, to a similar isotopic niche as breeding females as early as age 2. In contrast, males showed a progressive change in isotopic niche throughout their development such that 5-year-old males did not share the same niche as territorial bulls. Interestingly, males and females segregated straight after weaning with males appearing to feed in more southerly habitats than females. This spatial segregation was of similar amplitude as observed in breeding adults and was maintained throughout development. Such early-life niche differentiation is an unusual pattern and indicates size dimorphism and breeding constraints do not directly drive sexual segregation contrary to what has been assumed in otariid seals. |
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Programme |
109 |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
ISBN  |
2045-2322 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6606 |
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Author |
Sara Labrousse, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Alexander D. Fraser, Rob A. Massom, Phillip Reid, William Hobbs, Christophe Guinet, Robert Harcourt, Clive McMahon, Matthieu Authier, Frédéric Bailleul, Mark A. Hindell, Jean-Benoit Charrassin |
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Title |
Variability in sea ice cover and climate elicit sex specific responses in an Antarctic predator |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
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Pages |
43236 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Contrasting regional changes in Southern Ocean sea ice have occurred over the last 30 years with distinct regional effects on ecosystem structure and function. Quantifying how Antarctic predators respond to such changes provides the context for predicting how climate variability/change will affect these assemblages into the future. Over an 11-year time-series, we examine how inter-annual variability in sea ice concentration and advance affect the foraging behaviour of a top Antarctic predator, the southern elephant seal. Females foraged longer in pack ice in years with greatest sea ice concentration and earliest sea ice advance, while males foraged longer in polynyas in years of lowest sea ice concentration. There was a positive relationship between near-surface meridional wind anomalies and female foraging effort, but not for males. This study reveals the complexities of foraging responses to climate forcing by a poleward migratory predator through varying sea ice property and dynamic anomalies. |
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Programme |
109 |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
ISBN |
2045-2322 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6644 |
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Author |
V. Favier, D. Verfaillie, E. Berthier, M. Menegoz, V. Jomelli, J. E. Kay, L. Ducret, Y. Malbéteau, D. Brunstein, H. Gallée, Y.-H. Park, V. Rinterknecht |
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Title |
Atmospheric drying as the main driver of dramatic glacier wastage in the southern Indian Ocean |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
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Pages |
32396 |
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Abstract |
The ongoing retreat of glaciers at southern sub-polar latitudes is particularly rapid and widespread. Akin to northern sub-polar latitudes, this retreat is generally assumed to be linked to warming. However, no long-term and well-constrained glacier modeling has ever been performed to confirm this hypothesis. Here, we model the Cook Ice Cap mass balance on the Kerguelen Islands (Southern Indian Ocean, 49°S) since the 1850s. We show that glacier wastage during the 2000s in the Kerguelen was among the most dramatic on Earth. We attribute 77% of the increasingly negative mass balance since the 1960s to atmospheric drying associated with a poleward shift of the mid-latitude storm track. Because precipitation modeling is very challenging for the current generation of climate models over the study area, models incorrectly simulate the climate drivers behind the recent glacier wastage in the Kerguelen. This suggests that future glacier wastage projections should be considered cautiously where changes in atmospheric circulation are expected. |
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Programme |
688,1048,1154 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
ISBN |
2045-2322 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6743 |
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Author |
Sara Labrousse, Guy Williams, Takeshi Tamura, Sophie Bestley, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Alexander D. Fraser, Michael Sumner, Fabien Roquet, Karine Heerah, Baptiste Picard, Christophe Guinet, Robert Harcourt, Clive McMahon, Mark A. Hindell, Jean-Benoit Charrassin |
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Title |
Coastal polynyas: Winter oases for subadult southern elephant seals in East Antarctica |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
3183 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Antarctic coastal polynyas are regions of persistent open water and are thought to be key bio-physical features within the sea-ice zone. However, their use by the upper trophic levels of ecosystems remains unclear. A unique bio-physical dataset recorded by southern elephant seals reveals that East Antarctic polynyas are a key winter foraging habitat for male seals. During their post-moult trips from Isles Kerguelen to the Antarctic continental shelf, a total of 18 out of 23 seals visited 9 different polynyas, spending on average 25 ± 20% (up to 75%) of their total trip time inside polynyas. Changes in seal foraging and diving behaviours are observed inside polynyas as compared to outside polynyas. Two polynya usages by seals are observed for the inactive and active polynya phases, pointing to different seasonal peaks in prey abundance. During the active polynya phase, we link seal foraging behaviour to changes in the physical stability of the water-column, which likely impact the seasonal biological dynamics within polynyas. |
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Programme |
109 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
ISBN |
2045-2322 |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7124 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Sara Labrousse, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Alexander D. Fraser, Rob A. Massom, Phillip Reid, William Hobbs, Christophe Guinet, Robert Harcourt, Clive McMahon, Matthieu Authier, Frédéric Bailleul, Mark A. Hindell, Jean-Benoit Charrassin |
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Title |
Variability in sea ice cover and climate elicit sex specific responses in an Antarctic predator |
Type |
Journal |
| |
Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| |
Volume |
7 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
43236 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Contrasting regional changes in Southern Ocean sea ice have occurred over the last 30 years with distinct regional effects on ecosystem structure and function. Quantifying how Antarctic predators respond to such changes provides the context for predicting how climate variability/change will affect these assemblages into the future. Over an 11-year time-series, we examine how inter-annual variability in sea ice concentration and advance affect the foraging behaviour of a top Antarctic predator, the southern elephant seal. Females foraged longer in pack ice in years with greatest sea ice concentration and earliest sea ice advance, while males foraged longer in polynyas in years of lowest sea ice concentration. There was a positive relationship between near-surface meridional wind anomalies and female foraging effort, but not for males. This study reveals the complexities of foraging responses to climate forcing by a poleward migratory predator through varying sea ice property and dynamic anomalies. |
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Programme |
109 |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
ISBN |
2045-2322 |
Medium |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7168 |
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Author |
Mikko Vihtakari, Jorg Welcker, Børge Moe, Olivier Chastel, Sabrina Tartu, Haakon Hop, Claus Bech, Sébastien Descamps, Geir Wing Gabrielsen |
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Title |
Black-legged kittiwakes as messengers of Atlantification in the Arctic |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1178 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Climate warming is rapidly altering marine ecosystems towards a more temperate state on the European side of the Arctic. However, this “Atlantification” has rarely been confirmed, as long-term datasets on Arctic marine organisms are scarce. We present a 19-year time series (1982–2016) of diet samples from black-legged kittiwakes as an indicator of the changes in a high Arctic marine ecosystem (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard). Our results highlight a shift from Arctic prey dominance until 2006 to a more mixed diet with high contribution of Atlantic fishes. Capelin, an Atlantic species, dominated the diet composition in 2007, marking a shift in the food web. The occurrence of polar cod, a key Arctic fish species, positively correlated with sea ice index, whereas Atlantic species demonstrated the opposite correlation indicating that the diet shift was likely connected with recent climate warming. Kittiwakes, which gather available fish and zooplankton near the sea surface to feed their chicks, can act as messengers of ecosystem change. Changes in their diet reveal that the Kongsfjord system has drifted in an Atlantic direction over the last decade. |
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330 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
ISBN |
2045-2322 |
Medium |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7243 |
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Author |
Sakiko Ishino, Shohei Hattori, Joel Savarino, Michel Legrand, Emmanuelle Albalat, Francis Albarede, Susanne Preunkert, Bruno Jourdain, Naohiro Yoshida |
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Title |
Homogeneous sulfur isotope signature in East Antarctica and implication for sulfur source shifts through the last glacial-interglacial cycle |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
12378 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Sulfate aerosol (SO42−) preserved in Antarctic ice cores is discussed in the light of interactions between marine biological activity and climate since it is mainly sourced from biogenic emissions from the surface ocean and scatters solar radiation during traveling in the atmosphere. However, there has been a paradox between the ice core record and the marine sediment record; the former shows constant non-sea-salt (nss-) SO42− flux throughout the glacial-interglacial changes, and the latter shows a decrease in biogenic productivity during glacial periods compared to interglacial periods. Here, by ensuring the homogeneity of sulfur isotopic compositions of atmospheric nss-SO42− (δ34Snss) over East Antarctica, we established the applicability of the signature as a robust tool for distinguishing marine biogenic and nonmarine biogenic SO42−. Our findings, in conjunction with existing records of nss-SO42− flux and δ34Snss in Antarctic ice cores, provide an estimate of the relative importance of marine biogenic SO42− during the last glacial period to be 48 ± 10% of nss-SO42−, slightly lower than 59 ± 11% during the interglacial periods. Thus, our results tend to reconcile the ice core and sediment records, with both suggesting the decrease in marine productivity around Southern Ocean under the cold climate. |
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Programme |
414 |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
ISBN |
2045-2322 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7849 |
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Author |
Martin Bulla, Hanna Prüter, Hana Vitnerová, Wim Tijsen, Martin Sládeček, José A. Alves, Olivier Gilg, Bart Kempenaers |
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Title |
Flexible parental care: Uniparental incubation in biparentally incubating shorebirds |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
12851 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The relative investment of females and males into parental care might depend on the population’s adult sex-ratio. For example, all else being equal, males should be the more caring sex if the sex-ratio is male biased. Whether such outcomes are evolutionary fixed (i.e. related to the species’ typical sex-ratio) or whether they arise through flexible responses of individuals to the current population sex-ratio remains unclear. Nevertheless, a flexible response might be limited by the evolutionary history of the species, because one sex may have lost the ability to care or because a single parent cannot successfully raise the brood. Here, we demonstrate that after the disappearance of one parent, individuals from 8 out of 15 biparentally incubating shorebird species were able to incubate uniparentally for 1–19 days (median = 3, N = 69). Moreover, their daily incubation rhythm often resembled that of obligatory uniparental shorebird species. Although it has been suggested that in some biparental shorebirds females desert their brood after hatching, we found both sexes incubating uniparentally. Strikingly, in 27% of uniparentally incubated clutches – from 5 species – we documented successful hatching. Our data thus reveal the potential for a flexible switch from biparental to uniparental care. |
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Programme |
1036 |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
ISBN |
2045-2322 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7346 |
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Author |
Lorrie Maccario, Shelly D. Carpenter, Jody W. Deming, Timothy M. Vogel, Catherine Larose |
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Title |
Sources and selection of snow-specific microbial communities in a Greenlandic sea ice snow cover |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
2290 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Sea ice and its snow cover are critical for global processes including climate regulation and biogeochemical cycles. Despite an increase in studies focused on snow microorganisms, the ecology of snow inhabitants remains unclear. In this study, we investigated sources and selection of a snowpack-specific microbial community by comparing metagenomes from samples collected in a Greenlandic fjord within a vertical profile including atmosphere, snowpack with four distinct layers of snow, sea ice brine and seawater. Microbial communities in all snow layers derived from mixed sources, both marine and terrestrial, and were more similar to atmospheric communities than to sea ice or seawater communities. The surface snow metagenomes were characterized by the occurrence of genes involved in photochemical stress resistance, primary production and metabolism of diverse carbon sources. The basal saline snow layer that was in direct contact with the sea ice surface harbored a higher abundance of cells than the overlying snow layers, with a predominance of Alteromonadales and a higher relative abundance of marine representatives. However, the overall taxonomic structure of the saline layer was more similar to that of other snow layers and the atmosphere than to underlying sea ice and seawater. The expulsion of relatively nutrient-rich sea ice brine into basal snow might have stimulated the growth of copiotrophic psychro- and halotolerant snow members. Our study indicates that the size, composition and function of snowpack microbial communities over sea ice were influenced primarily by atmospheric deposition and inflow of sea ice brine and that they form a snow-specific assemblage reflecting the particular environmental conditions of the snowpack habitat. |
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Programme |
1192 |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
ISBN |
2045-2322 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7406 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
M. J. Frugone, A. Lowther, D. Noll, B. Ramos, P. Pistorius, G. P. M. Dantas, M. V. Petry, F. Bonadonna, A. Steinfurth, A. Polanowski, A. Raya Rey, N. A. Lois, K. Pütz, P. Trathan, B. Wienecke, E. Poulin, J. A. Vianna |
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Title |
Contrasting phylogeographic pattern among Eudyptes penguins around the Southern Ocean |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-16 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Since at least the middle-Miocene, the Antarctic Polar Front (APF) and the Subtropical Front (STF) appear to have been the main drivers of diversification of marine biota in the Southern Ocean. However, highly migratory marine birds and mammals challenge this paradigm and the importance of oceanographic barriers. Eudyptes penguins range from the Antarctic Peninsula to subantarctic islands and some of the southernmost subtropical islands. Because of recent diversification, the number of species remains uncertain. Here we analyze two mtDNA (HVRI, COI) and two nuclear (ODC, AK1) markers from 13 locations of five putative Eudyptes species: rockhopper (E. filholi, E. chrysocome, and E. moseleyi), macaroni (E. chrysolophus) and royal penguins (E. schlegeli). Our results show a strong phylogeographic structure among rockhopper penguins from South America, subantarctic and subtropical islands supporting the recognition of three separated species of rockhopper penguins. Although genetic divergence was neither observed among macaroni penguins from the Antarctic Peninsula and sub-Antarctic islands nor between macaroni and royal penguins, population genetic analyses revealed population genetic structure in both cases. We suggest that the APF and STF can act as barriers for these species. While the geographic distance between colonies might play a role, their impact/incidence on gene flow may vary between species and colonies. |
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Programme |
354 |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
ISBN |
2045-2322 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7466 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
