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Author |
Christophe Genthon, Richard Forbes, Etienne Vignon, Andrew Gettelman, Jean-Baptiste Madeleine |
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2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
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Volume |
123 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
8724-8727 |
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Abstract |
Key Points Ruosteenoja et al.'s () claim that supersaturation in the surface atmosphere is unrealistic and necessarily spurious and incorrect Supersaturations are a reality that an increasing number of atmospheric models can reproduce even in the surface atmosphere Modelers should not artificially cap relative humidity at 100% when feeding climate model archives |
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1013 |
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2169-8996 |
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2169-8996 |
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yes |
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7200 |
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F. Carbone, A. G. Bruno, A. Naccarato, F. De Simone, C. N. Gencarelli, F. Sprovieri, I. M. Hedgecock, M. S. Landis, H. Skov, K. A. Pfaffhuber, K. A. Read, L. Martin, H. Angot, A. Dommergue, O. Magand, N. Pirrone |
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Title |
The Superstatistical Nature and Interoccurrence Time of Atmospheric Mercury Concentration Fluctuations |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
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Volume |
123 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
764-774 |
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Keywords |
atmospheric turbulence interoccurrence times mercury superstatistics universal scaling |
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Abstract |
The probability density function (PDF) of the time intervals between subsequent extreme events in atmospheric Hg0 concentration data series from different latitudes has been investigated. The Hg0 dynamic possesses a long-term memory autocorrelation function. Above a fixed threshold Q in the data, the PDFs of the interoccurrence time of the Hg0 data are well described by a Tsallis q-exponential function. This PDF behavior has been explained in the framework of superstatistics, where the competition between multiple mesoscopic processes affects the macroscopic dynamics. An extensive parameter ?, encompassing all possible fluctuations related to mesoscopic phenomena, has been identified. It follows a ?2 distribution, indicative of the superstatistical nature of the overall process. Shuffling the data series destroys the long-term memory, the distributions become independent of Q, and the PDFs collapse on to the same exponential distribution. The possible central role of atmospheric turbulence on extreme events in the Hg0 data is highlighted. |
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1028 |
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2169-8996 |
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2169-8996 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7231 |
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Author |
Elsa Gautier, Joel Savarino, Joseph Erbland, James Farquhar |
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Title |
SO2 Oxidation Kinetics Leave a Consistent Isotopic Imprint on Volcanic Ice Core Sulfate |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
123 |
Issue |
17 |
Pages |
9801-9812 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica ice core sulfur mass-independent isotope fractionation volcanic eruption |
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Abstract |
This work presents measurements of time-resolved mass-independently fractionated sulfate of volcanic origin from Antarctic ice core records that cover the last 2,600 years. These measurements are used to evaluate the time dependence of the deposited isotopic signal and to extract the isotopic characteristics of the reactions yielding sulfate from stratospheric volcanic eruptions in the modern atmosphere. Time evolution of the signal in snow (years) with respect to the fast SO2 oxidation in the stratosphere suggests that photochemically produced condensed phase is rapidly and continuously separated from the gas phase and preserved during transportation and deposition on the polar ice cap. On some eruptions, a nonzero isotopic mass balance highlights that a part of the signal can be lost during transport and/or deposition. The large number of volcanic events studied allows the ?33S versus ?36S and ?34S versus ?33S slopes to be constrained at ?1.56 (1? = 0.25) and 0.09 (1? = 0.02), respectively. The ?33S versus ?36S slope refines a prior determinations of ?36S/?33S = ?4 and overlaps the range observed for sulfur seen in early Earth samples (Archean). In recent volcanogenic sulfate, the ?33S versus ?34S differs, however, from the Archean record. The similitude for ?36S/?33S and the difference for ?33S/?34S suggest similar mass-independently fractionated sulfate processes to the Archean atmosphere. Using a simple model, we highlight that a combination of several mechanisms is needed to reproduce the observed isotopic trends and suggest a greater contribution from mass-dependent oxidation by OH in the modern atmosphere. |
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Programme |
1177 |
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2169-8996 |
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2169-8996 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7420 |
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Author |
Florent Domine |
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Title |
Can We Monitor Snow Properties on Sea Ice to Investigate Its Role in Tropospheric Ozone Depletion? |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
122 |
Issue |
20 |
Pages |
11,107-11,111 |
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Keywords |
Arctic bromine ozone snow troposphere |
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Abstract |
In the lower troposphere over the Arctic Ocean, ozone is often destroyed in spring by chemical chain reactions involving the reactive bromine species Br and BrO. The role of surface snow in generating reactive bromine has been suspected, but many details of the processes not understood. Using unique data such as BrO concentrations from instruments on buoys, Burd et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026906) observed that the snowmelt onset date often coincides with the end of the reactive bromine season. They proposed that the decrease in snow-specific surface area and/or the occurrence of liquid water in snow induced by melting dramatically slows the rate of surface reactions generating bromine, indicating that the physical state of the snow is critical for bromine generation. Their suggestion is discussed, and a method to test it using novel instrumentation recently available is proposed. |
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1042 |
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2169-8996 |
ISBN |
2169-8996 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7464 |
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Title |
Persistent Draining of the Stratospheric 10Be Reservoir After the Samalas Volcanic Eruption (1257 CE) |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
124 |
Issue |
13 |
Pages |
7082-7097 |
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Keywords |
beryllium-10 ice cores Samalas eruption solar reconstructions stratospheric volcanic eruptions |
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Abstract |
More than 2,000 analyses of beryllium-10 (10Be) and sulfate concentrations were performed at a nominal subannual resolution on an ice core covering the last millennium as well as on records from three sites in Antarctica (Dome C, South Pole, and Vostok) to better understand the increase in 10Be deposition during stratospheric volcanic eruptions. A significant increase in 10Be concentration is observed in 14 of the 26 volcanic events studied. The slope and intercept of the linear regression between 10Be and sulfate concentrations provide different and complementary information. Slope is an indicator of the efficiency of the draining of 10Be atoms by volcanic aerosols depending on the amount of SO2 released and the altitude it reaches in the stratosphere. Intercept gives an image of the 10Be production in the stratospheric reservoir, ultimately depending on solar modulation. The Samalas event (1257 CE) stands out from the others as the biggest eruption of the last millennium with the lowest positive slope of all the events. We hypothetize that the persistence of volcanic aerosols in the stratosphere after the Samalas eruption has drained the stratospheric 10Be reservoir for a decade, meaning that solar reconstructions based on 10Be should be considered with caution during this period. The slope of the linear regression between 10Be and sulfate concentrations can also be used to correct the 10Be snow/ice signal of the volcanic disturbance. |
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Programme |
1177,1011 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISBN |
2169-8996 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7857 |
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Author |
Legrand Michel, Yang Xin, Preunkert Susanne, Theys Nicolas |
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Title |
Year?round records of sea salt, gaseous, and particulate inorganic bromine in the atmospheric boundary layer at coastal (Dumont d'Urville) and central (Concordia) East Antarctic sites |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
121 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
997-1023 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic sea ice Antarctica inorganic bromine oxidants sea salt |
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Abstract |
Abstract Multiple year?round records of bulk and size?segregated compositions of aerosol were obtained at the coastal Dumont d'Urville (DDU) and inland Concordia sites located in East Antarctica. They document the sea?salt aerosol load and composition including, for the first time in Antarctica, the bromide depletion of sea?salt aerosol relative to sodium with respect to seawater. In parallel, measurements of bromide trapped in mist chambers and denuder tubes were done to investigate the concentrations of gaseous inorganic bromine species. These data are compared to simulations done with an off?line chemistry transport model, coupled with a full tropospheric bromine chemistry scheme and a process?based sea?salt production module that includes both sea?ice?sourced and open?ocean?sourced aerosol emissions. Observed and simulated sea?salt concentrations sometime differ by up to a factor of 2 to 3, particularly at DDU possibly due to local wind pattern. In spite of these discrepancies, both at coastal and inland Antarctica, the dominance of sea?ice?related processes with respect to open ocean emissions for the sea?salt aerosol load in winter is confirmed. For summer, observations and simulations point out sea salt as the main source of gaseous inorganic bromine species. Investigations of bromide in snow pit samples do not support the importance of snowpack bromine emissions over the Antarctic Plateau. To evaluate the overall importance of the bromine chemistry over East Antarctica, BrO simulations were also discussed with respect data derived from GOME?2 satellite observations over Antarctica. |
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Programme |
1154 |
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ISSN |
2169-897X |
ISBN |
2169-897X |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6736 |
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Author |
Junaid S. Khan, Jennifer F. Provencher, Mark R. Forbes, Mark L. Mallory, Camille Lebarbenchon, Karen D. McCoy |
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Title |
Chapter One – Parasites of seabirds: A survey of effects and ecological implications |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Advances in Marine Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
82 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-50 |
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Keywords |
Animals Bacteria Bird Birds Ectoparasite Endoparasite Helminth Host-Parasite Interactions Marine Oceans and Seas Parasitism Pathogen Research Seabird Virus |
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Abstract |
Parasites are ubiquitous in the environment, and can cause negative effects in their host species. Importantly, seabirds can be long-lived and cross multiple continents within a single annual cycle, thus their exposure to parasites may be greater than other taxa. With changing climatic conditions expected to influence parasite distribution and abundance, understanding current level of infection, transmission pathways and population-level impacts are integral aspects for predicting ecosystem changes, and how climate change will affect seabird species. In particular, a range of micro- and macro-parasites can affect seabird species, including ticks, mites, helminths, viruses and bacteria in gulls, terns, skimmers, skuas, auks and selected phalaropes (Charadriiformes), tropicbirds (Phaethontiformes), penguins (Sphenisciformes), tubenoses (Procellariiformes), cormorants, frigatebirds, boobies, gannets (Suliformes), and pelicans (Pelecaniformes) and marine seaducks and loons (Anseriformes and Gaviiformes). We found that the seabird orders of Charadriiformes and Procellariiformes were most represented in the parasite-seabird literature. While negative effects were reported in seabirds associated with all the parasite groups, most effects have been studied in adults with less information known about how parasites may affect chicks and fledglings. We found studies most often reported on negative effects in seabird hosts during the breeding season, although this is also the time when most seabird research occurs. Many studies report that external factors such as condition of the host, pollution, and environmental conditions can influence the effects of parasites, thus cumulative effects likely play a large role in how parasites influence seabirds at both the individual and population level. With an increased understanding of parasite-host dynamics it is clear that major environmental changes, often those associated with human activities, can directly or indirectly affect the distribution, abundance, or virulence of parasites and pathogens. |
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Programme |
333 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
2162-5875 |
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2162-5875 |
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yes |
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7531 |
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Title |
The genus Luticola (Bacillariophyta) on Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul (Southern Indian Ocean) with the description of two new species |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
European Journal of Taxonomy |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
0 |
Issue |
387 |
Pages |
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Keywords |
Bacillariophyta diatoms Luticola morphology new species |
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136 |
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ISSN |
2118-9773 |
ISBN |
2118-9773 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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7039 |
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Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
87 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
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Keywords |
Antarctica austral polar regions biodiversity biogeography Bryophyta Kerguelen Biogeographical Province Southern Ocean |
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Abstract |
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136 |
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ISSN |
2083-9480 |
ISBN |
2083-9480 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7453 |
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Title |
Towards Operational Fiducial Reference Measurement (FRM) Data for the Calibration and Validation of the Sentinel-3 Surface Topography Mission over Inland Waters, Sea Ice, and Land Ice |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
19 |
Pages |
4826 |
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Keywords |
FRM inland water surface height land ice height S3 land STM SAR altimeter sea ice thickness uncertainties |
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Abstract |
The Copernicus Sentinel-3 Surface Topography Mission (STM) Land Altimetry provides valuable surface elevation information over inland waters, sea ice, and land ice, thanks to its synthetic aperture radar (SAR) altimeter and its orbit that covers high-latitude polar regions. To ensure that these measurements are reliable and to maximise the return on investment, adequate validation of the geophysical retrieval methods, processing algorithms, and corrections must be performed using independent observations. The EU-ESA project St3TART (started July 2021) aims to generalise the concept of Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRMs) for the Copernicus Sentinel-3 STM. This work has gathered existing data, made new observations during field campaigns, and ensured that these observations meet the criteria of FRM standards so that they can be used to validate Sentinel-3 STM Land Altimetry products operationally. A roadmap for the operational provision of the FRM, including the definition, consolidation, and identification of the most relevant and cost-effective methods and protocols to be maintained, supported, or implemented, has been developed. The roadmap includes guidelines for SI traceability, definitions of FRM measurement procedures, processing methods, and uncertainty budget estimations. |
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Programme |
411 |
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ISSN |
2072-4292 |
ISBN |
2072-4292 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8698 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
