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Title |
The story of endurance: Biogeography and the evolutionary history of four Holarctic butterflies with different habitat requirements |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Biogeography |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
590-602 |
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Keywords |
COI Ef-1? insect Lepidoptera mammoth steppe Pleistocene Quaternary RpS5 species distribution modelling |
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1036 |
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ISSN |
1365-2699 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7984 |
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Title |
A risk assessment of the effects of mercury on Baltic Sea, Greater North Sea and North Atlantic wildlife, fish and bivalves |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Environment international |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
146 |
Issue |
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Pages |
106178 |
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Keywords |
Biological effect Bird of prey Hg Marine mammal Risk threshold Seabird |
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Abstract |
A wide range of species, including marine mammals, seabirds, birds of prey, fish and bivalves, were investigated for potential population health risks resulting from contemporary (post 2000) mercury (Hg) exposure, using novel risk thresholds based on literature and de novo contamination data. The main geographic focus is on the Baltic Sea, while data from the same species in adjacent waters, such as the Greater North Sea and North Atlantic, were included for comparative purposes. For marine mammals, 23% of the groups, each composing individuals of a specific sex and maturity from the same species in a specific study region, showed Hg-concentrations within the High Risk Category (HRC) and Severe Risk Category (SRC). The corresponding percentages for seabirds, fish and bivalves were 2.7%, 25% and 8.0%, respectively, although fish and bivalves were not represented in the SRC. Juveniles from all species showed to be at no or low risk. In comparison to the same species in the adjacent waters, i.e. the Greater North Sea and the North Atlantic, the estimated risk for Baltic populations is not considerably higher. These findings suggest that over the past few decades the Baltic Sea has improved considerably with respect to presenting Hg exposure to its local species, while it does still carry a legacy of elevated Hg levels resulting from high neighbouring industrial and agricultural activity and slow water turnover regime. |
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1036 |
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ISSN |
0160-4120 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7985 |
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Author |
Afsaneh Mohammadzaheri, Karin Sigloch, Kasra Hosseini, Mitchell G. Mihalynuk |
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Title |
Subducted Lithosphere Under South America From Multifrequency P Wave Tomography |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
126 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
e2020JB020704 |
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Keywords |
Andes intra-arc intra-oceanic subduction seismic tomography South America structure of the mantel |
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133 |
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ISSN |
2169-9356 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7991 |
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Author |
L A Ermert, K Sager, T Nissen-Meyer, A Fichtner |
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Title |
Multifrequency inversion of global ambient seismic sources |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Geophysical Journal International |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
225 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1616-1623 |
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133 |
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ISSN |
0956-540X |
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yes |
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7992 |
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Author |
Jun Xie, Risheng Chu, Sidao Ni |
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Title |
Evaluating Global Tomography Models With Antipodal Ambient Noise Cross-Correlation Functions |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
126 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e2020JB020444 |
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Keywords |
ambient noise cross-correlation functions antipodal surface waves mantle heterogeneity tomography model evaluation |
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Programme |
133 |
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ISSN |
2169-9356 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7993 |
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Author |
R. Olmi, M. Bittelli, G. Picard, L. Arnaud, A. Mialon, S. Priori |
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Title |
Investigating the influence of the grain size and distribution on the macroscopic dielectric properties of Antarctic firn |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Cold Regions Science and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
185 |
Issue |
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Pages |
103254 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica Close?off Dielectric measurements Dielectric model Firn Full wave EM simulations Ice cores |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1110 |
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ISSN |
0165-232X |
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yes |
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Serial |
7995 |
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Author |
A. Baranov, R. Tenzer, A. Morelli |
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Title |
Updated Antarctic crustal model |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Gondwana Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
89 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-18 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica Crustal structure Gondwana Sediments |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
133 |
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ISSN |
1342-937X |
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yes |
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Serial |
7994 |
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Title |
Radar altimeter waveform simulations in Antarctica with the Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer Model (SMRT) |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing of Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
263 |
Issue |
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Pages |
112534 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic ice sheet Field measurements Modeling Radar altimetry Remote sensing SMRT Waveform |
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Abstract |
Radar altimeters are important tools to monitor the volume of the ice sheets. The penetration of radar waves in the snowpack is a major source of uncertainty to retrieve surface elevation. To correct this effect, a better understanding of the sensitivity of the radar waveforms to snow properties is needed. Here, we present an extension of the Snow Model Radiative Transfer (SMRT) to compute radar waveforms and conduct a series of simulations on the Antarctic ice sheet. SMRT is driven by snow and surface roughness properties measured over a large latitudinal range during two field campaigns on the Antarctic Plateau. These measurements show that the snowpack is rougher, denser, less stratified, warmer, and has smaller snow grains near the coast than on the central Plateau. These simulations are compared to satellite observations in the Ka, Ku, and S bands. SMRT reproduces the observed waveforms well. For all sites and all sensors, the main contribution comes from the surface echo. The echo from snow grains (volume scattering) represents up to 40% of the amplitude of the total waveform power in the Ka band, and less at the lower frequencies. The highest amplitude is observed on the central Plateau due to the combination of higher reflection from the surface, higher scattering by snow grains in the Ka and Ku bands, and higher inter-layer reflections in the S band. In the Ka band, the wave penetrates in the snowpack less deeply on the central Plateau than near the coast because of the strong scattering caused by the larger snow grains. The opposite is observed in the S band, the wave penetrates deeper on the central Plateau because of the lower absorption due to the lower snow temperatures. The elevation bias caused by wave penetration into the snowpack show a constant bias of 10 cm for all sites in the Ka band, and a bias of 11 cm, and 21 cm in the Ku band for sites close to the coast and the central Plateau, respectively. Now that SMRT is performing waveform simulations, further work will address how the snowpack properties affect the parameters retrieved by more advanced retracking algorithms such as ICE-2 for different snow cover surfaces. |
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1110 |
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ISSN |
0034-4257 |
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yes |
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7997 |
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Author |
Pierre-Yves Pascal, Yann Reynaud, Elie Poulin, Chantal De Ridder, Thomas Saucede |
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Title |
Feeding in spatangoids: the case of Abatus Cordatus in the Kerguelen Islands (Southern Ocean) |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
795-808 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Irregular urchins exclusively live in marine soft bottom habitats, dwelling either upon or inside sediments and selectively picking up sediment grains and organic particles, or swallowing bulk sediment to feed on the associated organic matter. The exact food source and dietary requirements of most irregular echinoids, however, remain incompletely understood. The schizasterid species Abatus cordatus (Verrill, 1876) is a sub-Antarctic spatangoid that is endemic to the Kerguelen. The feeding behaviour of A. cordatus was investigated using simultaneously metabarcoding and stable isotope approaches. Comparison of ingested and surrounding sediments by metabarcoding revealed a limited selective ingestion of prokaryotes and eukaryotes by the urchin. Compared to surrounding sediments, the gut content had (i) higher carbon and nitrogen concentrations potentially due to selective ingestion of organic matter and/or the sea urchin mucus secretion and (ii) ?15N enrichment due to the selective assimilation of lighter isotope in the gut. Feeding experiments were performed using 13C and 15 N-enriched sediments in aquariums. The progression of stable isotope enrichment in proximal and distal parts of the digestive track of A. cordatus revealed that all particles are not similarly transported likely due to siphon functioning. Ingestion of water with associated dissolved and particulate organic matter should play an important role in urchin nutrition. A. cordatus had a gut resident time fluctuating between 76 and 101 h and an ingestion rate of 36 mg dry sediment h?1 suggesting that dense populations of the species may play a key ecological role through bioturbation in soft bottom shallow-water habitats of the Kerguelen Islands. |
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1044 |
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ISSN |
1432-2056 |
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yes |
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8000 |
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Title |
Individual-based model of population dynamics in a sea urchin of the Kerguelen Plateau (Southern Ocean), Abatus cordatus, under changing environmental conditions |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ecological Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
440 |
Issue |
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Pages |
109352 |
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Keywords |
Climate change Dynamic energy budget Ecological modelling Endemic echinoderm Individual-based model Kerguelen Model sensitivity |
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1044 |
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ISSN |
0304-3800 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8002 |
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