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Author |
Colin Southwell, Louise Emmerson, Akinori Takahashi, Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Henri Weimerskirch |
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Title |
Large-scale population assessment informs conservation management for seabirds in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean: A case study of Adélie penguins |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Global Ecology and Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
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Pages |
104-115 |
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Keywords |
Abundance Area protection Fisheries management Seabird |
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Abstract |
Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are increasingly affected by fisheries, climate change and human presence. Antarctic seabirds are vulnerable to all these threats because they depend on terrestrial and marine environments to breed and forage. We assess the current distribution and total abundance of Adélie penguins in East Antarctica and find there are 3.5 (95% CI 2.9–4.2) million individuals of breeding age along the East Antarctic coastline and 5.9 (4.2–7.7) million individuals foraging in the adjacent ocean after the breeding season. One third of the breeding population numbering over 1 million individuals breed within 10 km of research stations, highlighting the potential for human activities to impact Adélie penguin populations despite their current high abundance. The 16 Antarctic Specially Protected Areas currently designated in East Antarctica offer protection to breeding populations close to stations in four of six regional populations. The East Antarctic breeding population consumes an average of 193 500 tonnes of krill and 18 800 tonnes of fish during a breeding season, with consumption peaking at the end of the breeding season. These findings can inform future conservation management decisions in the terrestrial environment under the Protocol on Environmental Protection to develop a systematic network of protected areas, and in the marine environment under the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources to allow the consumption needs of Adélie penguins to be taken into account when setting fishery catch limits. Extending this work to other penguin, flying seabird, seal and whale species is a priority for conservation management in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. |
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109 |
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2351-9894 |
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2351-9894 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6649 |
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Author |
Colin Southwell, Louise Emmerson, Akinori Takahashi, Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Henri Weimerskirch |
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Title |
Large-scale population assessment informs conservation management for seabirds in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean: A case study of Adélie penguins |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Global Ecology and Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
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Pages |
104-115 |
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Keywords |
Abundance Area protection Fisheries management Seabird |
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Abstract |
Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are increasingly affected by fisheries, climate change and human presence. Antarctic seabirds are vulnerable to all these threats because they depend on terrestrial and marine environments to breed and forage. We assess the current distribution and total abundance of Adélie penguins in East Antarctica and find there are 3.5 (95% CI 2.9–4.2) million individuals of breeding age along the East Antarctic coastline and 5.9 (4.2–7.7) million individuals foraging in the adjacent ocean after the breeding season. One third of the breeding population numbering over 1 million individuals breed within 10 km of research stations, highlighting the potential for human activities to impact Adélie penguin populations despite their current high abundance. The 16 Antarctic Specially Protected Areas currently designated in East Antarctica offer protection to breeding populations close to stations in four of six regional populations. The East Antarctic breeding population consumes an average of 193 500 tonnes of krill and 18 800 tonnes of fish during a breeding season, with consumption peaking at the end of the breeding season. These findings can inform future conservation management decisions in the terrestrial environment under the Protocol on Environmental Protection to develop a systematic network of protected areas, and in the marine environment under the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources to allow the consumption needs of Adélie penguins to be taken into account when setting fishery catch limits. Extending this work to other penguin, flying seabird, seal and whale species is a priority for conservation management in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. |
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Programme |
109 |
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2351-9894 |
ISBN |
2351-9894 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7179 |
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Author |
Sanne Muis, Martin Verlaan, Robert J. Nicholls, Sally Brown, Jochen Hinkel, Daniel Lincke, Athanasios T. Vafeidis, Paolo Scussolini, Hessel C. Winsemius, Philip J. Ward |
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Title |
A comparison of two global datasets of extreme sea levels and resulting flood exposure |
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Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Earth's Future |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
379-392 |
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Keywords |
coastal floods extreme sea levels flood risk hydrodynamic modeling natural hazards storm surge |
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Abstract |
Estimating the current risk of coastal flooding requires adequate information on extreme sea levels. For over a decade, the only global data available was the DINAS-COAST Extreme Sea Levels (DCESL) dataset, which applies a static approximation to estimate extreme sea levels. Recently, a dynamically derived dataset was developed: the Global Tide and Surge Reanalysis (GTSR) dataset. Here, we compare the two datasets. The differences between DCESL and GTSR are generally larger than the confidence intervals of GTSR. Compared to observed extremes, DCESL generally overestimates extremes with a mean bias of 0.6 m. With a mean bias of −0.2 m GTSR generally underestimates extremes, particularly in the tropics. The Dynamic Interactive Vulnerability Assessment model is applied to calculate the present-day flood exposure in terms of the land area and the population below the 1 in 100-year sea levels. Global exposed population is 28% lower when based on GTSR instead of DCESL. Considering the limited data available at the time, DCESL provides a good estimate of the spatial variation in extremes around the world. However, GTSR allows for an improved assessment of the impacts of coastal floods, including confidence bounds. We further improve the assessment of coastal impacts by correcting for the conflicting vertical datum of sea-level extremes and land elevation, which has not been accounted for in previous global assessments. Converting the extreme sea levels to the same vertical reference used for the elevation data is shown to be a critical step resulting in 39–59% higher estimate of population exposure. |
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Programme |
688 |
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ISSN |
2328-4277 |
ISBN |
2328-4277 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7455 |
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Author |
Julie Sansoulet, Michèle Therrien, Joseph Delgove, Guilhem Pouxviel, Julie Desriac, Noé Sardet, Jean-Paul Vanderlinden |
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Title |
An update on Inuit perceptions of their changing environment, Qikiqtaaluk (Baffin Island, Nunavut) |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The Inuit of Qikiqtaaluk (Baffin Island) have developed a deep respect for their natural environment and are able to report not only changes in weather, ice, and natural resources but also changes in their communities as a result of climate change. The objective of this study was to shed light on how the impacts of climate change are currently perceived in the communities of Kanngiqtugaapik, Pangniqtuuq, and Qikiqtarjuaq. In order to construct a shared knowledge base, we conducted qualitative video interviews and participated in a hunting camp with multigenerational and multigender Inuit hunters and fishers. First, Inuit continue to see the world in which they cohabit with other living things, particularly animals, as a world that they cannot control on their own—a world they must adapt to, passing learning from one generation to the next. Second, they report that changes in the ice have been among the major and most important transformations to have occurred in recent decades. Observations made by these local populations also indicate changes in hunted species, with fewer caribou and narwhal, more birds, insects, and fish, including from more southerly regions, and an uncertainty about polar bear populations. Seal hunting remains stable, and this meat is still the most popular and healthy food, physically and psychologically. Third, sociological and economic changes (e.g., lifestyle change, monetary economies, quotas), in addition to environmental changes (e.g., climate change, species change), have had a significant impact on food harvesting activities as well as food consumption in the region. A final perspective concerns the needs of the Qikiqtaaluk communities to further develop collaboration with scientists. This need for partnership is not only perceived as a scientific necessity but also recognized by Inuit as essential to their communities, with some local leaders ready to work toward a fruitful collaboration. |
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Programme |
1164 |
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ISSN |
2325-1026 |
ISBN |
2325-1026 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8117 |
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Author |
Michelle Antolos, Scott A. Shaffer, Henri Weimerskirch, Yann Tremblay, Daniel P. Costa |
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Title |
Foraging Behavior and Energetics of Albatrosses in Contrasting Breeding Environments |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
activity patterns Black-footed albatross doubly labeled water energetics foraging behavior Indian yellow-nosed albatross Laysan albatross Satellite tracking |
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Abstract |
Animals can maximize fitness by optimizing energy acquisition through the selection of favorable foraging habitats, but trade-offs exist between time spent in preferred feeding habitats, energetic costs of travel, and reproductive constraints. For pelagic seabirds, geographic distribution of suitable breeding islands can restrict access to marine prey resources and influence foraging strategies. Laysan (Phoebastria immutabilis) and black-footed albatrosses (P. nigripes) breeding in the Northwest Hawaiian Islands, and Indian yellow-nosed albatrosses (Thalassarche carteri) breeding in the Southern Indian Ocean, utilize productive subtropical-subpolar transition zones during their breeding and non-breeding periods, but this marine feature is at a comparatively greater distance for Hawaiian albatrosses during the breeding period due to location of nesting islands. We investigated the foraging behavior and energetics of these three species to evaluate how proximity to preferred marine habitats has influenced their overall foraging strategies. During incubation, all three species traveled to subtropical-subpolar transition zones, however, Hawaiian albatrosses ranged farther to reach this habitat. All species reduced time at sea during brooding, and Hawaiian albatrosses reduced their foraging ranges to distances similar to yellow-nosed albatrosses. As a consequence, Hawaiian albatrosses foraged in the warm, oligotrophic environment of the subtropical gyre during brooding while yellow-nosed albatrosses continued to forage in a subtropical-subpolar transition zone. Landing rates, an indicator of foraging effort, did not differ between reproductive stages and were highly variable within and among species. Hawaiian albatrosses generally spent more time in flight compared to yellow-nosed albatrosses, a strategy that may relate to searching for dispersed and unpredictable prey. Mean absolute field-metabolic rate (FMR) was greatest for black-footed albatrosses, and similar between Laysan and yellow-nosed albatrosses, but mass-specific FMR did not differ between species. Hawaiian albatrosses had lower total body water than yellow-nosed albatrosses (indicating greater lipid reserves), and had FMRs that fell below the allometric relationship for studied albatross species, attributes that likely reflect physiological adaptations for foraging in a low-productivity environment. |
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Programme |
109 |
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ISSN |
2296-7745 |
ISBN |
2296-7745 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7147 |
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Author |
Rob Harcourt, Ana M. M. Sequeira, Xuelei Zhang, Fabien Roquet, Kosei Komatsu, Michelle Heupel, Clive McMahon, Fred Whoriskey, Mark Meekan, Gemma Carroll, Stephanie Brodie, Colin Simpfendorfer, Mark Hindell, Ian Jonsen, Daniel P. Costa, Barbara Block, Mônica Muelbert, Bill Woodward, Mike Weise, Kim Aarestrup, Martin Biuw, Lars Boehme, Steven J. Bograd, Dorian Cazau, Jean-Benoit Charrassin, Steven J. Cooke, Paul Cowley, P. J. Nico de Bruyn, Tiphaine Jeanniard du Dot, Carlos Duarte, Víctor M. Eguíluz, Luciana C. Ferreira, Juan Fernández-Gracia, Kimberly Goetz, Yusuke Goto, Christophe Guinet, Mike Hammill, Graeme C. Hays, Elliott L. Hazen, Luis A. Hückstädt, Charlie Huveneers, Sara Iverson, Saifullah Arifin Jaaman, Kongkiat Kittiwattanawong, Kit M. Kovacs, Christian Lydersen, Tim Moltmann, Masaru Naruoka, Lachlan Phillips, Baptiste Picard, Nuno Queiroz, Gilles Reverdin, Katsufumi Sato, David W. Sims, Eva B. Thorstad, Michele Thums, Anne M. Treasure, Andrew W. Trites, Guy D. Williams, Yoshinari Yonehara, Mike A. Fedak |
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Title |
Animal-Borne Telemetry: An Integral Component of the Ocean Observing Toolkit |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Frontiers in marine science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Animal Movement Animal movement analysis Animal telemetry EOV habitat use Ocean observing |
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Abstract |
Animal telemetry is a powerful tool for observing marine animals and the physical environments that they inhabit, from coastal and continental shelf ecosystems to polar seas and open oceans. Satellite-linked biologgers and networks of acoustic receivers allow animals to be reliably monitored over scales of tens of meters to thousands of kilometres, giving insight into their habitat use, home range size, the phenology of migratory patterns and the biotic and abiotic factors that drive their distributions. Furthermore, physical environmental variables can be collected using animals as autonomous sampling platforms, increasing spatial and temporal coverage of global oceanographic observation systems. The use of animal telemetry therefore has the capacity to provide measures from a suite of essential ocean variables (EOVs) for improved monitoring of Earth’s oceans. Here we outline the design features of animal telemetry systems, describe current applications and their benefits and challenges, and discuss future directions. We describe new analytical techniques that improve our ability to not only quantify animal movements but to also provide a powerful framework for comparative studies across taxa. We discuss the application of animal telemetry and its capacity to collect biotic and abiotic data, how the data collected can be incorporated into ocean observing systems, and the role these data can play in improved ocean management. |
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Programme |
109,1182,1201 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
2296-7745 |
ISBN |
2296-7745 |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7459 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Lisa C. Matthes, C. J. Mundy, S. L.-Girard, M. Babin, G. Verin, J. K. Ehn |
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Title |
Spatial Heterogeneity as a Key Variable Influencing Spring-Summer Progression in UVR and PAR Transmission Through Arctic Sea Ice |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
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Pages |
183 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The transmission of ultraviolet (UVR) and photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) through sea ice is a key factor controlling under-ice phytoplankton growth in seasonally ice-covered waters. The increase toward sufficient light levels for positive net photosynthesis occurs concurrently with the sea ice melt progression in late spring when ice surface conditions shift from a relatively homogeneous high-albedo snow cover to a less reflective mosaic of bare ice and melt ponds. Here, we present a detailed dataset on the spatial and temporal progression of transmitted UVR and PAR in relation to changing quantities of snow, sea ice and melt ponds. Data were collected with a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) during the GreenEdge landfast sea ice campaign in June–July 2016 in southwestern Baffin Bay. Over the course of melt progression, there was a 10-fold increase in spatially averaged UVR and PAR transmission through the sea ice cover, reaching a maximum transmission of 31% for PAR, 7% for UVB, and 26% for UVA radiation. The depth under the sea ice experiencing spatial variability in light levels due to the influence of surface heterogeneity in snow, white ice and melt pond distributions increased from 7 ± 4 to 20 ± 6 m over our study. Phytoplankton drifting in under-ice surface waters were thus exposed to variations in PAR availability of up to 43%, highlighting the importance to account for spatial heterogeneity in light transmission through melting sea ice. Consequently, we demonstrate that spatial averages of PAR transmission provided more representative light availability estimates to explain under-ice bloom progression relative to single point irradiance measurements during the sea ice melt season. Encouragingly, the strong dichotomy between white ice and melt pond PAR transmittance and surface albedo permitted a very good estimate of spatially averaged light transmission from drone imagery of the surface and point transmittance measurements beneath different ice surface types. |
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Programme |
1164 |
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2296-7745 |
ISBN |
2296-7745 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8114 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Rob Harcourt, Mark A. Hindell, Clive R. McMahon, Kimberly T. Goetz, Jean-Benoit Charrassin, Karine Heerah, Rachel Holser, Ian D. Jonsen, Michelle R. Shero, Xavier Hoenner, Rose Foster, Baukje Lenting, Esther Tarszisz, Matthew Harry Pinkerton |
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Title |
Regional Variation in Winter Foraging Strategies by Weddell Seals in Eastern Antarctica and the Ross Sea |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The relative importance of intrinsic and extrinsic determinants of animal foraging is often difficult to quantify. The most southerly breeding mammal, the Weddell seal, remains in the Antarctic pack-ice year-round. We compared Weddell seals tagged at three geographically and hydrographically distinct locations in East Antarctica (Prydz Bay, Terre Adélie, and the Ross Sea) to quantify the role of individual variability and habitat structure in winter foraging behaviour. Most Weddell seals remained in relatively small areas close to the coast throughout the winter, but some dispersed widely. Individual utilisation distributions (UDi, a measure of the total area used by an individual seal) ranged from 125 to 20,825 km2. This variability was not due to size or sex but may be due to other intrinsic states for example reproductive condition or personality. The type of foraging (benthic vs. pelagic) varied from 56.6 ± 14.9% benthic dives in Prydz Bay through 42.1 ± 9.4% Terre Adélie to only 25.1 ± 8.7% in the Ross Sea reflecting regional hydrographic structure. The probability of benthic diving was less likely the deeper the ocean. Ocean topography was also influential at the population level; seals from Terre Adélie, with its relatively narrow continental shelf, had a core (50%) UD of only 200 km2, considerably smaller than the Ross Sea (1650 km2) and Prydz Bay (1700 km2). Sea ice concentration had little influence on the time the seals spent in shallow coastal waters, but in deeper offshore water they used areas of higher ice concentration. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Ross Sea encompass all the observed Weddell seal habitat, and future MPAs that include the Antarctic continental shelf are likely to effectively protect key Weddell seal habitat. |
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Programme |
1182 |
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2296-7745 |
ISBN |
2296-7745 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8609 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Rob S. A. van Bemmelen, Yann Kolbeinsson, Raül Ramos, Olivier Gilg, José A. Alves, Malcolm Smith, Hans Schekkerman, Aleksi Lehikoinen, Ib Krag Petersen, Böðvar Þórisson, Aleksandr A. Sokolov, Kaisa Välimäki, Tim van der Meer, J. David Okill, Mark Bolton, Børge Moe, Sveinn Are Hanssen, Loïc Bollache, Aevar Petersen, Sverrir Thorstensen, Jacob González-Solís, Raymond H. G. Klaassen, Ingrid Tulp |
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Title |
A Migratory Divide Among Red-Necked Phalaropes in the Western Palearctic Reveals Contrasting Migration and Wintering Movement Strategies |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Flexibility Itineracy Migration strategy Phalaropus lobatus plasticity Red-necked Phalarope |
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Abstract |
Non-breeding movement strategies of migratory birds may be expected to be flexibly adjusted to the distribution and quality of habitat, but only few studies compare movement strategies between populations using distinct migration routes and wintering areas. In thisour study, individual movement strategies of Rred-necked pPhalaropes Phalaropus lobatus, a long-distance migratory wader using saline waters in the non-breeding period, were studied using light-level geolocators. Results revealed the existence of two populations with distinct migration routes and wintering areas: one breeding in the north-eastern North Atlantic and migrating ca. 10,000 km oversea to the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean and the other breeding in Fennoscandia and Russia migrating ca. 6,000 km – largely over land – to the Arabian Sea (Indian Ocean). In line with our expectations, the transoceanic migration between the North Atlantic and the Pacific was associated with proportionately longer wings, a more even spread of stopovers in autumn and a higher migration speed in spring compared to the migration between Fennoscandian-Russian breeding grounds and the Arabian Sea. In the wintering period, birds wintering in the Pacific were stationaryresided in roughly a singlethe same area, whereas individuals wintering in the Arabian Sea showed individually consistent movementsd extensively between different areas, reflecting differences in spatio-temporal variation in primary productivity between the two wintering areas. Our study is unique in showing how habitat distribution shapes movement strategies over the entire non-breeding period within a species. |
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2296-701X |
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Helen C. Wheeler, Dominique Berteaux, Chris Furgal, Brenda Parlee, Nigel G. Yoccoz, David Grémillet |
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Stakeholder Perspectives on Triage in Wildlife Monitoring in a Rapidly Changing Arctic |
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2016 |
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Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
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Arctic monitoring decision-making Polar observation Priorization recording wildlife conservation |
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Monitoring activities provide a core contribution to wildlife conservation in the Arctic. Effective monitoring which allows changes in population status to be detected early, provides opportunities to mitigate pressures driving declines. Monitoring triage involves decisions about how and where to prioritise activities in species and ecosystem based monitoring. In particular, monitoring triage examines whether to divert resources away from species where there is high likelihood of extinction in the near-future in favour of species where monitoring activities may produce greater conservation benefits. As a place facing both rapid change with a high likelihood of population extinctions, and serious logistic and financial challenges for field data acquisition, the Arctic provides a good context in which to examine attitudes toward triage in monitoring. For effective decision-making to emerge from monitoring, multiple stakeholders must be involved in defining aims and priorities. We conducted semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in arctic wildlife monitoring (either contributing to observation and recording of wildlife, using information from wildlife observation and recording, or using wildlife as a resource) to elicit their perspectives on triage in wildlife monitoring in the Arctic. The majority (56%) of our 23 participants were predominantly in opposition to triage, 26% were in support of triage and 17% were undecided. Representatives of Indigenous organisations were more likely to be opposed to triage than scientists and those involved in decision-making showed greatest support for triage amongst the scientist participants. Responses to the concept of triage included that: 1) The species-focussed approach associated with triage did not match their more systems-based view (5 participants), 2) Important information is generated through monitoring threatened species which advances understanding of the drivers of change, responses and ecosystem consequences (5 participants), 3) There is an obligation to try to monitor and conserve threatened species (4 participants), and 4) Monitoring needs to address local people’s needs which may be overlooked under triage (3 participants). The complexity of decision-making to create monitoring programmes that maximise benefits to biodiversity and people makes prioritisation with simple models difficult. Using scenarios to identify desirable trajectories of Arctic stewardship may be an effective means of identifying monitoring needs. |
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2296-701X |
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2296-701X |
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6918 |
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