J. Serafini, J.-P. Barriot, L. Sichoix. (2014). The evolution of precipitable water and precipitation over the Island of Tahiti from hourly to seasonal periods (Vol. 35).
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Evgeny A. Pakhomov, Natasha Henschke, Brian P. V. Hunt, Gabriele Stowasser, Yves Cherel. (2019). Utility of salps as a baseline proxy for food web studies (Vol. 41). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: Abstract. IIn recent years, pelagic tunicates (mostly salps, but potentially doliolids, appendicularians and pyrosomes as well) have been used in isotopic studies as a baseline consumer (trophic position 2) when recreating food web dynamics to overcome the challenges of using particulate organic matter (POM). While pelagic tunicates are continuous filter feeders, recent evidence has shown that they have selective feeding behaviors, and preferentially assimilate certain particles. In this review, we combine available stable isotope data for POM and pelagic tunicates and identify that trophic enrichment in 13C and 15N relative to POM is highly variable, and suggests tunicates prefer to consume smaller, heterotrophic organisms. Here we propose that it is not appropriate to consider pelagic tunicates as representative first level consumers in the classical pelagic food web in stable isotope analyses. Rather it needs acknowledgment that they are members of the microbial food web, and thus reflect an alternate food chain.
Programme: 109
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. (2020). Health access inequities and magic medicine: the first ancient evidence? (Vol. 395). Bachelor's thesis, Elsevier, .
Abstract: Inequities in access to the latest advances in health care and effective drugs constitute public health problems today,1 but was this also the case in ancient societies when practitioners used traditional medicines with limited means? The excavation of frozen graves in Yakutia (present day eastern Siberia, Russia) dating from 1700 CE2 led to the identification of a woman, buried almost naked, covered with a magnificent robe and with half a horse bit in her mouth (figure). The other half of the horse bit was found in the trunk behind her head with her earrings, bracelets, and signet rings.
Programme: 1038
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Hollingsworth James, Ye Lingling, Avouac Jean?Philippe. (2017). Dynamically triggered slip on a splay fault in the Mw 7.8, 2016 Kaikoura (New Zealand) earthquake (Vol. 44).
Abstract: Abstract We investigate the Mw 7.8, 2016 Kaikoura (New Zealand) earthquake by using optical satellite imagery and seismology to reveal the main features of the rupture process. Correlation of Landsat8 images reveals a 30?40?km surface rupture on the Kekerengu Fault and Jordan Thrust, with up to 12?m of right?lateral slip. A previously unrecognized conjugate strike?slip fault, the Papatea Fault, also slipped coseismically (3?4?m). The global centroid moment tensor (gCMT) centroid indicates both thrust and right?lateral slip and is located ~100?km NE of the main shock epicenter. The significant non?double?couple component of the gCMT (25%) suggests that the main shock is not well represented by a single planar fault. Back projection of teleseismic P waves reveals two main bursts of seismic radiation: (1) at 10?20?s, near the main shock epicenter, and (2) at ~70?s, close to the observed surface ruptures. We determine a finite source kinematic model of the rupture from the inversion of seismic waveforms. We use two faults in our model, defined to match the observed slip on the Kekerengu Fault, and a deeper offshore fault with a lower dip angle to satisfy the long period seismological observations. We compute the equivalent moment tensor from our finite source model and find it to be remarkably consistent with the gCMT solution. Although little is known about the geometry of these faults at depth, if the Kekerengu Fault splays from the deeper thrust, then it provides a rare example where the contribution of slip on a splay fault can be clearly isolated in the seismological waveforms.
Keywords: correlation earthquake New Zealand rupture seismology slip inversion
Programme: 133
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. (2013). Tide?induced microseismicity in the Mertz glacier grounding area, East Antarctica (Vol. 40).
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. (2014). Evidence for a differential sea level rise between hemispheres over the twentieth century (Vol. 41).
Abstract: AbstractTide gauge records are the primary source of sea level information over multidecadal to century timescales. A critical issue in using this type of data to determine global climate?related contributions to sea level change concerns the vertical motion of the land upon which the gauges are grounded. Here we use observations from the Global Positioning System for the correction of this vertical land motion. As a result, the spatial coherence in the rates of sea level change during the twentieth century is highlighted at the local and the regional scales, ultimately revealing a clearly distinct behavior between the Northern and the Southern Hemispheres with values of 2.0?mm/yr and 1.1?mm/yr, respectively. Our findings challenge the widely accepted value of global sea level rise for the twentieth century.
Keywords: climate change geodesy GPS land motion sea level tide gauge
Programme: 688
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Pitout F., Marchaudon A., Blelly P.?L., Bai X., Forme F., Buchert S. C., Lorentzen D. A. (2015). Swarm and ESR observations of the ionospheric response to a field?aligned current system in the high?latitude midnight sector (Vol. 42).
Abstract: Abstract We present a conjunction between the Swarm fleet and the European Incoherent Scatter Svalbard Radar (ESR) on 9 January 2014. The Swarm orbit in the early phase of the mission gives us the unique opportunity of sequencing the temporal evolution of the observed field?aligned current system in the nightside, near magnetic local midnight. These field?aligned currents are seen to move poleward through the radar field of view and to affect the observed ionosphere. The upward field?aligned current (FAC) is responsible, at least in part, for the heating of the ionospheric electrons. It is less clear whether the downward FAC cools the ionosphere. We use the TRANSCAR model of the ionosphere to quantify the thermoelectric effect that comes into play. Finally, we compare the plasma parameters measured by the Langmuir probe on board Swarm and the ESR and conclude on an agreement within the errors.
Keywords: field?aligned currents ionosphere
Programme: 312
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. (2017). Under the sea ice: Exploring the relationship between sea ice and the foraging behaviour of southern elephant seals in East Antarctica (Vol. 156).
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. (2017). Acoustic distribution of discriminated micronektonic organisms from a bi-frequency processing: The case study of eastern Kerguelen oceanic waters (Vol. 156).
Keywords: Acoustics Euphausiid Kerguelen Myctophid Southern Ocean
Programme: 109
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. (2019). Cryptic speciation in Southern Ocean Aequiyoldia eightsii (Jay, 1839): Mio-Pliocene trans-Drake Passage separation and diversification (Vol. 174). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: The species of the genus Aequiyoldia Soot-Ryen, 1951, previously known as Yoldia, are common, soft-substratum, sareptid bivalves. In the Southern Ocean, Aequiyoldia eightsii (Jay, 1839) was originally described from the Antarctic Peninsula and has also been reported in southern South America. The species A. woodwardi (Hanley, 1960) was reported for the Falkland/Malvinas Islands and Tierra del Fuego, but this taxon has been recently synonymised within the broadly distributed A. eightsii. Aequiyoldia has received little attention across its distribution in the Southern Ocean, and although its taxonomy and systematics remain uncertain, all the species have been grouped under a single and broadly distributed unit: A. eightsii. Nevertheless, preliminary mtDNA comparisons demonstrated a marked genetic divergence (>7%) between A. eightsii populations from South America and Antarctic Peninsula. In order to further understand the diversity and biogeography of Aequiyoldia, we analyzed A. eightsii populations from different provinces of the Southern Ocean including South America (SA), the Falkland/Malvinas Islands (FI), the Antarctic Peninsula (AP), and Kerguelen Islands (KI). Individuals were characterized according to typical diagnostic morphological measurements and phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed based on mtDNA (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I). Patterns of genetic divergence of nucDNA intergenic transcribed spacers (ITS1, ITS2) were also estimated. The statistical analysis of external diagnostic characteristics revealed two morphotypes: (1) individuals with the morphology recorded for the nominal FI species, A. woodwardi, and (2) individuals from SA, AP, and KI, with the morphology recorded for A. eightsii. However, phylogenetic reconstructions based on mtDNA and nucDNA suggest the presence of at least five lineages within A. eightsii including: one lineage in Kerguelen Island, two lineages in the Antarctic Peninsula, one lineage in South America, and the last one restricted to the Falkland/Malvinas Islands. Such results are evidence that the Antarctic Polar Front represents an historical biogeographic barrier for this group and that after the separation of these lineages, they followed independent evolutionary pathways in different provinces of the Southern Ocean. Estimates of divergence time suggest that KI separated from other Aequiyoldia lineages close to the middle Miocene. Following this, the separation between the AP and SA lineages occurred at the end of the Miocene around 7.5?Ma. Finally, Aequiyoldia diversified during the Pliocene in Antarctic Peninsula (?4.5?Ma) and South America (?3.0?Ma). Individuals from FI exhibited morphological differences, and 4% of divergence from South American individuals, suggesting that A. woordwardi could be revalidated. Similarly, the marked molecular divergence between the KI and the rest of the recorded lineages also support the validity of A. kerguelensis (Thiele, 1931).
Keywords: Antarctic Peninsula Antarctic-Magellan Connection Biogeography Kerguelen Islands Morphometry Phylogeny South America Southern Ocean Systematics
Programme: 1044
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