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Author Dorian Cazau, Julien Bonnel, Joffrey Jouma’a, Yves le Bras, Christophe Guinet doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Measuring the Marine Soundscape of the Indian Ocean with Southern Elephant Seals Used as Acoustic Gliders of Opportunity Type Journal
  Year 2017 Publication Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 207-223  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The underwater ambient sound field contains quantifiable information about the physical and biological marine environment. The development of operational systems for monitoring in an autonomous way the underwater acoustic signal is necessary for many applications, such as meteorology and biodiversity protection. This paper develops a proof-of-concept study on performing marine soundscape analysis from acoustic passive recordings of free-ranging biologged southern elephant seals (SES). A multivariate multiple linear regression (MMLR) framework is used to predict the measured ambient noise, modeled as a multivariate acoustic response, from SES (depth, speed, and acceleration) and environmental (wind) variables. Results show that the acoustic contributions of SES variables affect mainly low-frequency sound pressure levels (SPLs), while frequency bands above 3 kHz are less corrupted by SES displacement and allow a good measure of the Indian Ocean soundscape. Also, preliminary results toward the development of a mobile embedded weather sensor are presented. In particular, wind speed estimation can be performed from the passive acoustic recordings with an accuracy of 2 m s−1, using a rather simple multiple linear model.  
  Programme 109  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0739-0572 ISBN (down) 0739-0572 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7152  
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Author Vigan Mensah, Fabien Roquet, Lia Siegelman-Charbit, Baptiste Picard, Etienne Pauthenet, Christophe Guinet doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title A Correction for the Thermal Mass–Induced Errors of CTD Tags Mounted on Marine Mammals Type Journal
  Year 2018 Publication Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 35 Issue 6 Pages 1237-1252  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The effect of thermal mass on the salinity estimate from conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) tags sensor mounted on marine mammals is documented, and a correction scheme is proposed to mitigate its impact. The algorithm developed here allows for a direct correction of the salinity data, rather than a correction of the sample’s conductivity and temperature. The amplitude of the thermal mass–induced error on salinity and its correction are evaluated via comparison between data from CTD tags and from Sea-Bird Scientific CTD used as a reference. Thermal mass error on salinity appears to be generally O(10−2) g kg−1, it may reach O(10−1) g kg−1, and it tends to increase together with the magnitude of the cumulated temperature gradient (THP) within the water column. The correction we propose yields an error decrease of up to ~60% if correction coefficients specific to a certain tag or environment are calculated, and up to 50% if a default value for the coefficients is provided. The correction with the default coefficients was also evaluated using over 22 000 in situ dive data from five tags deployed in the Southern Ocean and is found to yield significant and systematic improvements on the salinity data, including for profiles whose THP was weak and the error small. The correction proposed here yields substantial improvements in the density estimates, although a thermal mass–induced error in temperature measurements exists for very large THP and has yet to be corrected.  
  Programme 1201  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0739-0572 ISBN (down) 0739-0572 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7367  
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Author Lia Siegelman, Fabien Roquet, Vigan Mensah, Pascal Rivière, Etienne Pauthenet, Baptiste Picard, Christophe Guinet doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Correction and Accuracy of High- and Low-Resolution CTD Data from Animal-Borne Instruments Type Journal
  Year 2019 Publication Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 745-760  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Most available CTD Satellite Relay Data Logger (CTD-SRDL) profiles are heavily compressed before satellite transmission. High-resolution profiles recorded at the sampling frequency of 0.5 Hz are, however, available upon physical retrieval of the logger. Between 2014 and 2018, several loggers deployed on elephant seals in the Southern Ocean have been set in continuous recording mode, capturing both the ascent and descent for over 60 profiles per day during several months, opening new horizons for the physical oceanography community. Taking advantage of a new dataset made of seven such loggers, a postprocessing procedure is proposed and validated to improve the quality of all CTD-SRDL data: that is, both high-resolution profiles and compressed low-resolution ones. First, temperature and conductivity are corrected for a thermal mass effect. Then salinity spiking and density inversion are removed by adjusting salinity while leaving temperature unchanged. This method, applied here to more than 50 000 profiles, yields significant and systematic improvements in both temperature and salinity, particularly in regions of rapid temperature variation. The continuous high-resolution dataset is then used to provide updated accuracy estimates of CTD-SRDL data. For high-resolution data, accuracies are estimated to be of ±0.02°C for temperature and ±0.03 g kg−1 for salinity. For low-resolution data, transmitted data points have similar accuracies; however, reconstructed temperature profiles have a reduced accuracy associated with the vertical interpolation of ±0.04°C and a nearly unchanged salinity accuracy of ±0.03 g kg−1.  
  Programme 1201  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0739-0572 ISBN (down) 0739-0572 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7467  
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Author Haarr Ane, Hylland Ketil, Eckbo Norith, Gabrielsen Geir Wing, Herzke Dorte, Bustnes Jan Ove, Blévin Pierre, Chastel Olivier, Moe Børge, Hanssen Sveinn Are, Sagerup Kjetil, Borgå Katrine doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title DNA damage in Arctic seabirds: Baseline, sensitivity to a genotoxic stressor, and association with organohalogen contaminants Type Journal
  Year 2018 Publication Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 1084-1091  
  Keywords Arctic Comet Assay Genotoxicity Perfluoroalkyl substances Persistent organic pollutants Seabirds  
  Abstract Environmental contaminants are found throughout Arctic marine ecosystems, and their presence in seabirds has been associated with toxicological responses. However, there are few studies of genotoxicity in Arctic avian wildlife. The purpose of the present study was to quantify deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in lymphocytes of selected seabird species and to examine whether accumulation of organohalogen contaminants (ΣOHCs) affects DNA damage. Blood was sampled from common eider (Somateria mollissima), black guillemot (Cepphus grylle), black?legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), arctic skua (Stercorarius parasiticus), and great skua (Stercorarius skua) in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (Norway). Contaminant concentrations found in the 6 species differed, presumably because of foraging ecology and biomagnification. Despite large differences in contaminant concentrations, ranging from ΣOHCs 3.3?ng/g wet weight in the common eider to ΣOHCs 895?ng/g wet weight in the great skua, there was no strong difference among the species in baseline DNA damage or sensitivity to a genotoxic stressor (hydrogen peroxide). Baseline levels of DNA damage were low, with median values ranging from 1.7% in the common eider to 8.6% in the great skua. There were no associations between DNA damage and contaminants in the investigated species, suggesting that contaminant concentrations in Kongsfjorden are too low to evoke genotoxic effects, or possibly that lymphocytes are resistant to strand breakage. Clearly, genotoxicity is a topic for future studies of Arctic seabirds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1084?1091. ? 2017 SETAC  
  Programme 330  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0730-7268 ISBN (down) 0730-7268 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6982  
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Author T. Ouisse, M. Laparie, M. Lebouvier, D. Renault doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title New insights into the ecology of Merizodus soledadinus, a predatory carabid beetle invading the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands Type Journal
  Year 2017 Publication Polar biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 40 Issue 11 Pages 2201-2209  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Our knowledge of the main determinants of invasion success is still incomplete. Among these factors, the effects of biological traits, including fecundity, longevity and dispersal in newly colonised regions, are pivotal. However, while numerous studies have considered ecological and evolutionary impacts of non-native species, their biology often remains understudied. Despite the continuous geographic expansion of Merizodus soledadinus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) at the Kerguelen Islands over recent decades, the main life-history parameters of this species are unknown. We determined adult longevity under controlled conditions, monitored seasonal activity through pitfall trappings, and analysed temporal variations of egg load and body reserves in field-collected individuals. The median adult life span (LT50) was 241 days, with maximum longevity of 710 days (N = 500). Females carried eggs throughout the year (8.94 ± 3.56 eggs per female), and it was not possible to pinpoint any clear egg-laying period. Year-round trappings demonstrated continuous activity of adults over seasons, with a peak during the austral summer that may arguably be associated with higher temperatures. Body stores (glycogen and proteins) did not vary significantly through the year, suggesting that adults feed continuously despite different prey availability between summer and winter, possibly via diet shifts. The amount of triglycerides increased at onset of summer, which may be associated with higher summer locomotor activity and/or more intense predation and reproduction.  
  Programme 136  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0722-4060, 1432-2056 ISBN (down) 0722-4060, 1432-2056 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6608  
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Author Laurie Thiers, Karine Delord, Charles-André Bost, Christophe Guinet, Henri Weimerskirch doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Important marine sectors for the top predator community around Kerguelen Archipelago Type Journal
  Year 2017 Publication Polar Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 365-378  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The French Kerguelen Archipelago represents an important breeding place for many species of marine top predators within the Southern Ocean, making the plateau hosting the archipelago and surrounding waters (CCAMLR area 58.5) a crucial area to design conservation measures. In this study, available tracking data from nine species of seabirds and marine mammals breeding at Kerguelen were analysed to define potential boundaries for a Marine Protected Area. Maps of time spent per square of each species were first used to describe high-use areas within the Kerguelen Plateau. Habitat models were then developed for four species (Black-browed albatross, Wandering albatross, King penguin and Antarctic fur seal) chosen on the basis of their contrasted foraging ecology and diet to represent the top predator community. Predictive models were then applied to the main colonies of the four species for which no tracking data were available to illustrate the most important feeding areas at the scale of the entire study zone. An area delineated by the central part of the plateau and its slopes appeared to be of great importance for the top predators’ community and would appropriately complete the limits of the existing Australian marine reserve of Heard and McDonald Islands.  
  Programme 109  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0722-4060, 1432-2056 ISBN (down) 0722-4060, 1432-2056 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6651  
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Author C. Barbraud, J. Vasseur, K. Delord doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Using distance sampling and occupancy rate to estimate abundance of breeding pairs of Wilson’s Storm Petrel (Oceanites oceanicus) in Antarctica Type Journal
  Year 2017 Publication Polar Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 313-322  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Reliable population estimates are needed for the conservation management of seabird populations. Failing to account for detection probability in surveys often leads to underestimate population size and, if detection probability varies among surveys, to bias the estimated trends. This is particularly relevant for storm petrels, which are widespread small burrow- or cavity-nesting seabirds, which have low detection probabilities on land and at sea and whose population status and trends are the least known among seabirds. Here, we used the distance sampling method to estimate detection probability and breeding population size of the cavity-nesting Wilson’s Storm Petrel (Oceanites oceanicus) in the Pointe Géologie archipelago, East Antarctica. Detection probability was 0.353 ± 0.053 and the average density of active nests was 45.53 ± 15.63 nests/ha. The proportion of nests occupied by breeders was estimated using an endoscope on a sample of nests and was 0.455 ± 0.053. The breeding population was estimated to be 793 (95% CI 344–1359) breeding pairs in January 2016. We advocate the distance sampling method as a robust approach to estimate abundance of breeding Wilson’s Storm Petrels in Antarctica. Comparison with an earlier survey suggests that the population has decreased over the past 30 years, possibly partly due to a reduction in nesting habitat following the extension of the surface area occupied by penguin colonies.  
  Programme 109  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0722-4060, 1432-2056 ISBN (down) 0722-4060, 1432-2056 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6654  
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Author Caio V. Z. Cipro, Y. Cherel, P. Bocher, F. Caurant, P. Miramand, P. Bustamante doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Trace elements in invertebrates and fish from Kerguelen waters, southern Indian Ocean Type Journal
  Year 2017 Publication Polar Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 175-191  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Given the lack of background data on essential and non-essential trace elements in invertebrates and fish known to be the predominant prey of marine mammals and seabirds breeding at the Kerguelen Islands, this study intends to provide these results of great influence for predators in higher trophic levels. To this end, plankton organisms (9 species/4 phyla), mollusks (2 bivalves and 2 squid species) and fishes (8 benthic and 10 pelagic species) from Kerguelen waters were analysed for cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg) and zinc (Zn). Individual concentrations of non-essential elements (particularly Cd) showed larger variation in comparison with essential ones likely due to their homeostasis. Thus Cd ranged over 4 orders of magnitude; however, Hg ranged only 1, without significant correlation to trophic level. Instead, ecological parameters (benthic/mesopelagic habitat and feeding ecology) showed a more important influence on the results. Concerning seashore organisms, bivalves collected inside the Gulf of Morbihan had higher Cd concentrations compared to those from the Kerguelen shelf, suggesting a local source of Cd, such as runoff water from bird colonies. Comparison with the literature showed metal concentrations in invertebrates and fishes from Kerguelen Islands somewhat lower than those in the Antarctic area, with Hg prevailing in benthic species and Cd in pelagic ones. In contrast to Hg, Cd values of squids, jellyfish and the amphipod Themisto gaudichaudii were significantly higher than all other species. Finally, top predators foraging in this area that can be subject to potentially high Hg and Cd exposure through their diet at Kerguelen are reviewed.  
  Programme 109  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0722-4060, 1432-2056 ISBN (down) 0722-4060, 1432-2056 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6656  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Karine Delord, Yves Cherel, Christophe Barbraud, Olivier Chastel, Henri Weimerskirch doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title High variability in migration and wintering strategies of brown skuas (Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi) in the Indian Ocean Type Journal
  Year 2017 Publication Polar Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 59-70  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Movements of brown skuas (Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi) originating from two populations in the southern Indian Ocean were studied during the nonbreeding period using geolocation. A total of 33 individuals were equipped resulting in 34 annual tracks recovered from 50 deployments. Brown skuas varied extensively in their post-breeding movements, from true long range migrations to reach distant wintering zones, to short movements in the vicinity of breeding grounds. Overall, brown skuas migrated northward to overwinter in different areas in the southern hemisphere; individuals remained in the Indian Ocean, except two that overwintered in the Benguela Current (Atlantic Ocean). Wintering grounds were generally situated in productive dynamic upwelling waters or frontal systems. Brown skuas avoided the less productive area of the South Subtropical Gyre in the Central Indian Ocean. Individuals clearly differed in migratory strategies, targeting areas in a continuum from the sub-Antarctic to the tropics. Inter-individual differences were not sex-dependent. The migration dates varied between sexes with females leaving the breeding sites earlier and returning later compared to males. The duration of migration depended on wintering area and sex. Males had shorter migrations than females, regardless of the wintering area. Isotopic signatures clearly indicated that birds moulted in the wintering area and during migration. The low δ 15N values of feathers that grew in mixed subtropical-sub-Antarctic waters suggest that skuas fed on low trophic level prey in these areas. The origin and consequences of such strong inter-individual variation in migratory strategies requires further investigation.  
  Programme 109  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0722-4060, 1432-2056 ISBN (down) 0722-4060, 1432-2056 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6660  
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Author Henri Weimerskirch, Aurélien Prudor, Quentin Schull file  doi
isbn  openurl
  Title Flights of drones over sub-Antarctic seabirds show species- and status-specific behavioural and physiological responses Type Book Chapter
  Year 2017 Publication Polar Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 259-266  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Drones and unmanned aerial vehicles are increasingly used in research on wildlife. Their wide applications can also give interesting insights into habitat use and population distribution. However, the disturbance they might be responsible for, on species and especially in protected areas has yet to be investigated. We assessed and compared the behavioural response of 11 southern seabird species at the Crozet Islands, Southern Indian Ocean, to drone approaches at specific altitudes. We first show that the behavioural response differed between species depending on the altitude of the drone approach. At 50 m of altitude, only one of the studied species showed a detectable reaction, whereas at 10 m, most species showed strong behavioural postures of stress. Adult penguins breeding in large colonies, and some albatross species showed little behavioural response even when the drone was as close as 3 m, whereas other species such as giant petrels or cormorants appeared highly sensitive to drone approaches. Among King Penguins, although incubating adults showed little signs of behavioural stress, non-breeding adults and fledglings in crèches exhibited strong behavioural responses to the drone approach. Monitoring heart rate allowed us to investigate the link between behavioural and physiological response to that specific potential stressor in king penguins. Whereas we confirmed the expected link between physiological and behavioural response in chicks, breeding adults showed no behavioural sign of stress but had a significant increase in heart rate, the relative increase being higher than in chicks. All together these results have important implications for the conservation of species and should be helpful for future legislations on the use of drones.  
  Programme 109,119  
  Campaign  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0722-4060, 1432-2056 ISBN (down) 0722-4060, 1432-2056 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6666  
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