. (2017). Measuring the Marine Soundscape of the Indian Ocean with Southern Elephant Seals Used as Acoustic Gliders of Opportunity (Vol. 34).
Abstract: The underwater ambient sound field contains quantifiable information about the physical and biological marine environment. The development of operational systems for monitoring in an autonomous way the underwater acoustic signal is necessary for many applications, such as meteorology and biodiversity protection. This paper develops a proof-of-concept study on performing marine soundscape analysis from acoustic passive recordings of free-ranging biologged southern elephant seals (SES). A multivariate multiple linear regression (MMLR) framework is used to predict the measured ambient noise, modeled as a multivariate acoustic response, from SES (depth, speed, and acceleration) and environmental (wind) variables. Results show that the acoustic contributions of SES variables affect mainly low-frequency sound pressure levels (SPLs), while frequency bands above 3 kHz are less corrupted by SES displacement and allow a good measure of the Indian Ocean soundscape. Also, preliminary results toward the development of a mobile embedded weather sensor are presented. In particular, wind speed estimation can be performed from the passive acoustic recordings with an accuracy of 2 m s?1, using a rather simple multiple linear model.
Programme: 109
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Vigan Mensah, Fabien Roquet, Lia Siegelman-Charbit, Baptiste Picard, Etienne Pauthenet, Christophe Guinet. (2018). (Vol. 35).
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. (2019). Correction and Accuracy of High- and Low-Resolution CTD Data from Animal-Borne Instruments (Vol. 36).
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. (2018). DNA damage in Arctic seabirds: Baseline, sensitivity to a genotoxic stressor, and association with organohalogen contaminants (Vol. 37).
Abstract: Environmental contaminants are found throughout Arctic marine ecosystems, and their presence in seabirds has been associated with toxicological responses. However, there are few studies of genotoxicity in Arctic avian wildlife. The purpose of the present study was to quantify deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in lymphocytes of selected seabird species and to examine whether accumulation of organohalogen contaminants (?OHCs) affects DNA damage. Blood was sampled from common eider (Somateria mollissima), black guillemot (Cepphus grylle), black?legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), arctic skua (Stercorarius parasiticus), and great skua (Stercorarius skua) in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (Norway). Contaminant concentrations found in the 6 species differed, presumably because of foraging ecology and biomagnification. Despite large differences in contaminant concentrations, ranging from ?OHCs 3.3?ng/g wet weight in the common eider to ?OHCs 895?ng/g wet weight in the great skua, there was no strong difference among the species in baseline DNA damage or sensitivity to a genotoxic stressor (hydrogen peroxide). Baseline levels of DNA damage were low, with median values ranging from 1.7% in the common eider to 8.6% in the great skua. There were no associations between DNA damage and contaminants in the investigated species, suggesting that contaminant concentrations in Kongsfjorden are too low to evoke genotoxic effects, or possibly that lymphocytes are resistant to strand breakage. Clearly, genotoxicity is a topic for future studies of Arctic seabirds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1084?1091. ? 2017 SETAC
Keywords: Arctic Comet Assay Genotoxicity Perfluoroalkyl substances Persistent organic pollutants Seabirds
Programme: 330
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T. Ouisse, M. Laparie, M. Lebouvier, D. Renault. (2017). New insights into the ecology of Merizodus soledadinus, a predatory carabid beetle invading the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands (Vol. 40).
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. (2017). Important marine sectors for the top predator community around Kerguelen Archipelago (Vol. 40).
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C. Barbraud, J. Vasseur, K. Delord. (2017). (Vol. 41).
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Caio V. Z. Cipro, Y. Cherel, P. Bocher, F. Caurant, P. Miramand, P. Bustamante. (2017). Trace elements in invertebrates and fish from Kerguelen waters, southern Indian Ocean (Vol. 41).
Abstract: Given the lack of background data on essential and non-essential trace elements in invertebrates and fish known to be the predominant prey of marine mammals and seabirds breeding at the Kerguelen Islands, this study intends to provide these results of great influence for predators in higher trophic levels. To this end, plankton organisms (9 species/4 phyla), mollusks (2 bivalves and 2 squid species) and fishes (8 benthic and 10 pelagic species) from Kerguelen waters were analysed for cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg) and zinc (Zn). Individual concentrations of non-essential elements (particularly Cd) showed larger variation in comparison with essential ones likely due to their homeostasis. Thus Cd ranged over 4 orders of magnitude; however, Hg ranged only 1, without significant correlation to trophic level. Instead, ecological parameters (benthic/mesopelagic habitat and feeding ecology) showed a more important influence on the results. Concerning seashore organisms, bivalves collected inside the Gulf of Morbihan had higher Cd concentrations compared to those from the Kerguelen shelf, suggesting a local source of Cd, such as runoff water from bird colonies. Comparison with the literature showed metal concentrations in invertebrates and fishes from Kerguelen Islands somewhat lower than those in the Antarctic area, with Hg prevailing in benthic species and Cd in pelagic ones. In contrast to Hg, Cd values of squids, jellyfish and the amphipod Themisto gaudichaudii were significantly higher than all other species. Finally, top predators foraging in this area that can be subject to potentially high Hg and Cd exposure through their diet at Kerguelen are reviewed.
Programme: 109
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Karine Delord, Yves Cherel, Christophe Barbraud, Olivier Chastel, Henri Weimerskirch. (2017). High variability in migration and wintering strategies of brown skuas (Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi) in the Indian Ocean (Vol. 41).
Abstract: Movements of brown skuas (Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi) originating from two populations in the southern Indian Ocean were studied during the nonbreeding period using geolocation. A total of 33 individuals were equipped resulting in 34 annual tracks recovered from 50 deployments. Brown skuas varied extensively in their post-breeding movements, from true long range migrations to reach distant wintering zones, to short movements in the vicinity of breeding grounds. Overall, brown skuas migrated northward to overwinter in different areas in the southern hemisphere; individuals remained in the Indian Ocean, except two that overwintered in the Benguela Current (Atlantic Ocean). Wintering grounds were generally situated in productive dynamic upwelling waters or frontal systems. Brown skuas avoided the less productive area of the South Subtropical Gyre in the Central Indian Ocean. Individuals clearly differed in migratory strategies, targeting areas in a continuum from the sub-Antarctic to the tropics. Inter-individual differences were not sex-dependent. The migration dates varied between sexes with females leaving the breeding sites earlier and returning later compared to males. The duration of migration depended on wintering area and sex. Males had shorter migrations than females, regardless of the wintering area. Isotopic signatures clearly indicated that birds moulted in the wintering area and during migration. The low ? 15N values of feathers that grew in mixed subtropical-sub-Antarctic waters suggest that skuas fed on low trophic level prey in these areas. The origin and consequences of such strong inter-individual variation in migratory strategies requires further investigation.
Programme: 109
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. (2017). Flights of drones over sub-Antarctic seabirds show species- and status-specific behavioural and physiological responses (Vol. 41). Bachelor's thesis, , .
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