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Author |
Francisco Bravo, Pablo Koch, Sebastian Riquelme, Mauricio Fuentes, Jaime Campos |
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Title |
Slip Distribution of the 1985 Valparaíso Earthquake Constrained with Seismic and Deformation Data |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Seismological Research Letters |
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Volume |
90 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1792-1800 |
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Abstract |
The 2017 Valparaíso seismic sequence calls attention to the potential seismic hazard for a megathrust earthquake in central Chile. Previous large historic earthquakes have been studied to improve our knowledge of the seismotectonic context in this region. In this work, we studied the slip distribution of the 3 March 1985 Mw 8.0 Valparaíso earthquake. To model this event, we use a finite‐fault model and a linear inversion scheme, incorporating data of near‐field displacement, surface waves, and P, SH, and PP waves. The results show that the rupture propagated 90 km southward and 80 km northward from the hypocenter, with a total duration of 65 s. The slip is concentrated mainly on two patches of the rupture between 20 and 40 km depth. The patch of maximum slip is near the nucleation zone. The obtained slip distribution is in agreement with the asperities model, which describes the seismicity of central Chile. We confirm that the source did not break the upper part of the subduction interface and that a large tsunamigenic potential is still present in this region. GeoRef Subject |
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133 |
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0895-0695 |
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0895-0695 |
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yes |
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7510 |
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Author |
Mathieu Barrere, Florent Domine, Maria Belke-Brea, Denis Sarrazin |
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Title |
Snowmelt Events in Autumn Can Reduce or Cancel the Soil Warming Effect of Snow–Vegetation Interactions in the Arctic |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Climate |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
23 |
Pages |
9507-9518 |
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Abstract |
The warming-induced growth of vegetation in the Arctic is responsible for various climate feedbacks. Snow–vegetation interactions are currently thought to increase the snow-insulating capacity in the Arctic and thus to limit soil winter cooling. Here, we focus on autumn and early winter processes to evaluate the impact of the presence of erect shrubs and small trees on soil temperature and freezing. We use snow height and thermal conductivity data monitored near Umiujaq, a low-Arctic site in northern Quebec, Canada (56°N, 76°W), to estimate the snow thermal insulance in different vegetation covers. We furthermore conducted a field campaign in autumn 2015. Results show that the occurrence of melting at the beginning of the snow season counteracted the soil warming effect of snow–vegetation interactions. Refrozen layers on the surface prevented wind drift and the preferential accumulation of snow in shrubs or trees. Snowmelt was more intense in high vegetation covers, where the formation of refrozen layers of high thermal conductivity at the base of the snowpack facilitated the release of soil heat, accelerating its cooling. Consequently, the soil was not necessarily the warmest under high vegetation covers as long as melting events occurred. We conclude that under conditions where melting events become more frequent in autumn, as expected under climate warming, conditions become more favorable to maintain a negative feedback among the growth of erect vegetation, snow, and soil temperature in the Arctic, rather than a positive feedback as described under colder climates. |
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1042 |
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0894-8755 |
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0894-8755 |
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7512 |
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Benjamin Rey, Cyril Dégletagne, Jacques Bodennec, Pierre-Axel Monternier, Mathieu Mortz, Damien Roussel, Caroline Romestaing, Jean-Louis Rouanet, Jeremy Tornos, Claude Duchamp |
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Title |
Hormetic response triggers multifaceted anti-oxidant strategies in immature king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Free Radical Biology and Medicine |
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Volume |
97 |
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Pages |
577-587 |
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Keywords |
Hormesis Lipid composition Mitochondria Oxidative stress Penguin Redox homeostasis |
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Abstract |
Repeated deep dives are highly pro-oxidative events for air-breathing aquatic foragers such as penguins. At fledging, the transition from a strictly terrestrial to a marine lifestyle may therefore trigger a complex set of anti-oxidant responses to prevent chronic oxidative stress in immature penguins but these processes are still undefined. By combining in vivo and in vitro approaches with transcriptome analysis, we investigated the adaptive responses of sea-acclimatized (SA) immature king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) compared with pre-fledging never-immersed (NI) birds. In vivo, experimental immersion into cold water stimulated a higher thermogenic response in SA penguins than in NI birds, but both groups exhibited hypothermia, a condition favouring oxidative stress. In vitro, the pectoralis muscles of SA birds displayed increased oxidative capacity and mitochondrial protein abundance but unchanged reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation per g tissue because ROS production per mitochondria was reduced. The genes encoding oxidant-generating proteins were down-regulated in SA birds while mRNA abundance and activity of the main antioxidant enzymes were up-regulated. Genes encoding proteins involved in repair mechanisms of oxidized DNA or proteins and in degradation processes were also up-regulated in SA birds. Sea life also increased the degree of fatty acid unsaturation in muscle mitochondrial membranes resulting in higher intrinsic susceptibility to ROS. Oxidative damages to protein or DNA were reduced in SA birds. Repeated experimental immersions of NI penguins in cold-water partially mimicked the effects of acclimatization to marine life, modified the expression of fewer genes related to oxidative stress but in a similar way as in SA birds and increased oxidative damages to DNA. It is concluded that the multifaceted plasticity observed after marine life may be crucial to maintain redox homeostasis in active tissues subjected to high pro-oxidative pressure in diving birds. Initial immersions in cold-water may initiate an hormetic response triggering essential changes in the adaptive antioxidant response to marine life. |
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131 |
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0891-5849 |
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0891-5849 |
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yes |
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7221 |
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Author |
Weimerskirch H., Filippi D.P., Collet J., Waugh S.M., Patrick S.C. |
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Title |
Use of radar detectors to track attendance of albatrosses at fishing vessels |
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Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Conservation Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
240-245 |
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Keywords |
biologging bioregistro conservation method long‐line fisheries método de conservación pesca con sedal largo sistema de monitoreo de navíos vessel monitoring system |
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Abstract |
Abstract Despite international waters covering over 60% of the world's oceans, understanding of how fisheries in these regions shape ecosystem processes is surprisingly poor. Seabirds forage at fishing vessels, which has potentially deleterious effects for their population, but the extent of overlap and behavior in relation to ships is poorly known. Using novel biologging devices, which detect radar emissions and record the position of boats and seabirds, we measured the true extent of the overlap between seabirds and fishing vessels and generated estimates of the intensity of fishing and distribution of vessels in international waters. During breeding, wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans) from the Crozet Islands patrolled an area of over 10 million km2 at distances up to 2500 km from the colony. Up to 79.5% of loggers attached to birds detected vessels. The extent of overlap between albatrosses and fisheries has widespread implications for bycatch risk in seabirds and reveals the areas of intense fishing throughout the ocean. We suggest that seabirds equipped with radar detectors are excellent monitors of the presence of vessels in the Southern Ocean and offer a new way to monitor the presence of illegal fisheries and to better understand the impact of fisheries on seabirds. |
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109 |
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0888-8892 |
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0888-8892 |
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yes |
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6667 |
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Author |
Tixier Paul, Gasco Nicolas, Duhamel Guy, Guinet Christophe |
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Title |
Depredation of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) by two sympatrically occurring killer whale (Orcinus orca) ecotypes: Insights on the behavior of the rarely observed type D killer whales |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Marine Mammal Science |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
983-1003 |
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109 |
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ISSN |
0824-0469 |
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0824-0469 |
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yes |
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6629 |
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Author |
Maxence Rojo, Rolanda M. Chondan, Chechek S. Chondan, Alexandra Lavrillier |
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Title |
Adaptation des rites « traditionnels » chez les Touvas de Kyzyl de la période soviétique à l’urbanisation |
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Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Études mongoles et sibériennes, centrasiatiques et tibétaines |
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Issue |
47 |
Pages |
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Abstract |
Fondé sur une enquête de terrain dans la région de Kyzyl de la République de Touva (Sibérie méridionale), cet article aborde la question de l’adaptation des pratiques cultuelles (originellement pastorales) dans la sphère privée en milieu urbain. En effet, certains rites et croyances ancestraux sont toujours en vigueur à Touva malgré la sédentarisation des populations, le changement rapide des modes de vie et l’interdiction de ces pratiques pendant la période soviétique. Très ancrés dans la culture touva, les rites et croyances liés au feu et au lait ainsi que les interdits concernant les enfants en bas âge sont encore très présents dans la vie quotidienne touva, et ce même en ville., Based on a field survey in the region of Kyzyl, the capital of the Tuva Republic (south Siberia), this article addresses the issue of the adaptation of some domestic cultural practices (originally pastoral) in urban areas. Indeed, some ancestral rites and beliefs are still in force in Tuva despite the settlement of populations, rapid change in lifestyle and the prohibition of such practices during the Soviet period. These domestic ritual practices have adapted to the daily life of Tuva, even urban. The socio-economic and cultural development is reflected in the choices made by the younger generation, between practices to follow and to abandon. |
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1127 |
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0766-5075 |
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0766-5075 |
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yes |
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6975 |
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Author |
Alexandra Lavrillier, Semen Gabyshev |
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Title |
An emic science of climate. Reindeer Evenki environmental knowledge and the notion of an “extreme process” |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Études mongoles et sibériennes, centrasiatiques et tibétaines |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
49 |
Pages |
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Keywords |
climate change cognition community-based observatory environmental change hunter predators reindeer herding traditional ecological knowledge transdisciplinarity |
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Abstract |
This paper was co-written by Lavrillier (anthropologist) and Gabyshev (reindeer herder and co-researcher) on the basis of their field materials, with documentation and analysis of complex traditional environmental knowledge. After discussing the methodology of a community-based transdisciplinary observatory for monitoring the climate and environmental changes with herders, the paper reveals some results from their co-production. It presents the emic science of climate (its typologies and concepts) the Evenki use for understanding norms and anomalies, observing and predicting changes, and adaptation. The authors then develop the notion of an “extreme process” and show that it is more suitable than the concept of an “extreme event” (used in climate change studies) for defining how the Evenki face climate change. By analysing several case studies, they define this notion as the interaction between an accumulation of climatic anomalies in different domains and other environmental disruptions. When external factors (economical, political, or industrial) join the mix, it results in a “hybrid extreme process”, which seriously questions the resilience of this nomadic society. |
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1127 |
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0766-5075 |
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yes |
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7287 |
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Author |
L. Testut, A. S. Unnikrishnan |
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Title |
Improving Modeling of Tides on the Continental Shelf off the West Coast of India |
Type |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Journal of Coastal Research (JCR) |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
105-115 |
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Abstract |
Testut, L. and Unnikrishnan, A.S., 2016. Improving modeling of tides on the continental shelf off the west coast of India. Global tidal solutions are sometimes inaccurate in coastal regions. This is particularly true in some regions of the northern Indian Ocean, which are characterized by wide continental shelves and large tidal ranges. We show that these global solutions are inaccurate on the shelf region off Mumbai, off the west coast of India. In this region, the shelf is very wide, and it opens into the Gulf of Khambhat, where large tides are observed. Moreover, in regions of large semidiurnal tides in the Bay of Bengal, such as the head Bay, Gulf of Martaban, etc., global tidal solutions are not accurate. In the present work, we focus on the shelf region off the west coast of India. We used a new approach in developing a high-resolution hydrodynamic tidal model for the inner shelf region (8°N to 22°N). The open boundary of the model is aligned to the altimetry tracks, which allowed us to prescribe boundary conditions obtained directly from observations. We show that the tidal solutions at the coast are much improved compared with those obtained from the global solutions and that on the wide shelf portion and the Gulf of Khambhat the improvement has been considerable. |
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688 |
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ISSN |
0749-0208, 1551-5036 |
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0749-0208, 1551-5036 |
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yes |
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7068 |
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Author |
L. Testut, A.s. Unnikrishnan |
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Title |
Improving Modeling of Tides on the Continental Shelf off the West Coast of India |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Journal of Coastal Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
105-115 |
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Abstract |
Testut, L. and Unnikrishnan, A.S., 2016. Improving modeling of tides on the continental shelf off the west coast of India. Global tidal solutions are sometimes inaccurate in coastal regions. This is particularly true in some regions of the northern Indian Ocean, which are characterized by wide continental shelves and large tidal ranges. We show that these global solutions are inaccurate on the shelf region off Mumbai, off the west coast of India. In this region, the shelf is very wide, and it opens into the Gulf of Khambhat, where large tides are observed. Moreover, in regions of large semidiurnal tides in the Bay of Bengal, such as the head Bay, Gulf of Martaban, etc., global tidal solutions are not accurate. In the present work, we focus on the shelf region off the west coast of India. We used a new approach in developing a high-resolution hydrodynamic tidal model for the inner shelf region (8°N to 22°N). The open boundary of the model is aligned to the altimetry tracks, which allowed us to prescribe boundary conditions obtained directly from observations. We show that the tidal solutions at the coast are much improved compared with those obtained from the global solutions and that on the wide shelf portion and the Gulf of Khambhat the improvement has been considerable. |
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688 |
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0749-0208 |
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0749-0208 |
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yes |
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6848 |
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Author |
Dorian Cazau, Julien Bonnel, Joffrey Jouma’a, Yves le Bras, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
Measuring the Marine Soundscape of the Indian Ocean with Southern Elephant Seals Used as Acoustic Gliders of Opportunity |
Type |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
207-223 |
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Abstract |
The underwater ambient sound field contains quantifiable information about the physical and biological marine environment. The development of operational systems for monitoring in an autonomous way the underwater acoustic signal is necessary for many applications, such as meteorology and biodiversity protection. This paper develops a proof-of-concept study on performing marine soundscape analysis from acoustic passive recordings of free-ranging biologged southern elephant seals (SES). A multivariate multiple linear regression (MMLR) framework is used to predict the measured ambient noise, modeled as a multivariate acoustic response, from SES (depth, speed, and acceleration) and environmental (wind) variables. Results show that the acoustic contributions of SES variables affect mainly low-frequency sound pressure levels (SPLs), while frequency bands above 3 kHz are less corrupted by SES displacement and allow a good measure of the Indian Ocean soundscape. Also, preliminary results toward the development of a mobile embedded weather sensor are presented. In particular, wind speed estimation can be performed from the passive acoustic recordings with an accuracy of 2 m s−1, using a rather simple multiple linear model. |
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109 |
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0739-0572 |
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0739-0572 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6634 |
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