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Author |
Henri Weimerskirch, Fabrice Le Bouard, Peter G. Ryan, C. A. Bost |
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Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Antarctic Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
30 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
236-242 |
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Keywords |
Aptenodytes patagonicus remote sensing satellite image |
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Abstract |
King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus Miller) are major consumers in the Southern Ocean. The colony at Ile aux Cochons, Iles Crozet, in the southern Indian Ocean was known in the 1980s as the largest king penguin colony and the second largest penguin colony in the world. However, there have not been any recent estimates of this colony. Aerial photographs taken from a helicopter, and satellite images were used to report on changes in the colony and population sizes over the past 50 years. The colony has declined by 88% over the past 35 years, from c. 500 000 pairs to 60 000 pairs. The possible causes of this decline were explored but no plausible explanation for such an unprecedented decrease in penguin populations was found. The study highlights the use of satellite imagery as a non-invasive technique for population monitoring, and stresses the need for further research on the causes of this alarming trend in this colony. |
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109,394 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0954-1020, 1365-2079 |
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0954-1020, 1365-2079 |
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yes |
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7128 |
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Title |
Water cycle and salinity dynamics in the mangrove forests of Europa and Juan de Nova Islands, southwest Indian Ocean |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
30 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
311-320 |
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Abstract |
Rationale The functioning of mangrove forests found on small coralline islands is characterized by limited freshwater inputs. Here, we present data on the water cycling of such systems located on Europa and Juan de Nova Islands, Mozambique Channel. Methods In order to better understand the water cycle and mangrove growth conditions, we have analysed the hydrological and salinity dynamics of the systems by gauge pressure and isotopic tracing (?18O and ?2H values). Results Both islands have important seawater intrusion as measured by the water level change and the high salinities in the karstic ponds. Europa Island displays higher salinity stress, with its inner lagoon, but presents a pluri?specific mangrove species formation ranging from shrub to forest stands. No freshwater signal could be detected around the mangrove trees. On Juan de Nova Island, the presence of sand and detrital sediment allows the storage of some amount of rainfall to form a brackish groundwater. The mangrove surface area is very limited with only small mono?specific stands being present in karstic depression. Conclusions On the drier Europa Island, the salinity of all the water points is equal to or higher than that of the seawater, and on Juan de Nova the groundwater salinity is lower (5 to 20 PSU). This preliminary study shows that the karstic pothole mangroves exist due to the sea connection through the fractured coral and the high tidal dynamics. Copyright ? 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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688 |
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0951-4198 |
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0951-4198 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6849 |
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Title |
Evaluation of current and projected Antarctic precipitation in CMIP5 models |
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Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Climate Dynamics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
225-239 |
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1143 |
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ISSN |
0930-7575, 1432-0894 |
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0930-7575, 1432-0894 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6674 |
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Title |
Extensive air shower Monte Carlo modeling at the ground and aircraft flight altitude in the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly and comparison with neutron measurements |
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Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Astroparticle Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
88 |
Issue |
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Pages |
17-29 |
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Keywords |
Extensive air shower modeling Flight altitude Geant4 MCNPX Monte Carlo method simulation South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly |
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Abstract |
Modeling cosmic-ray-induced particle fluxes in the atmosphere is very important for developing many applications in aeronautics, space weather and on ground experimental arrangements. There is a lack of measurements and modeling at flight altitude and on ground in the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly. In this work we have developed an application based on the Geant4 toolkit called gPartAt that is aimed at the analysis of extensive air shower particle spectra. Another application has been developed using the MCNPX code with the same approach in order to evaluate the models and nuclear data libraries used in each application. Moreover, measurements were performed to determine the ambient dose equivalent rate of neutrons at flight altitude in different regions and dates in the Brazilian airspace; these results were also compared with the simulations. The results from simulations of the neutron spectra at ground level were also compared to data from a neutron spectrometer in operation since February 2015 at the Pico dos Dias Observatory in Brazil, at 1864m above sea level, as part of a collaboration between the Institute for Advanced Studies (IEAv) and the French Aerospace Lab (ONERA). This measuring station is being operated with support from the National Astrophysics Laboratory (LNA). The modeling approaches were also compared to the AtmoRad computational platform, QARM, EXPACS codes and with measurements of the neutron spectrum taken in 2009 at the Pico dos Dias Observatory. |
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1112 |
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ISSN |
0927-6505 |
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0927-6505 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6723 |
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Author |
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Title |
Analysis of the angular distribution of cosmic-ray-induced particles in the atmosphere based on Monte Carlo simulations including the influence of the Earth's magnetic field |
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Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Astroparticle Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
97 |
Issue |
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Pages |
106-117 |
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Keywords |
Angular distribution of the extensive air shower Flight altitude Monte Carlo method simulation South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly |
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Abstract |
Several applications exist that calculate cosmic-ray-induced particle (CRIP) spectra as a function of the altitude in the atmosphere. In general, the Earth's magnetic field is only used to modulate the primary cosmic radiation that arrives at the top of the atmosphere, but it can also modulate low-energy charged particles at flight altitudes. The effects of the Earth's magnetic field on the angular distributions of CRIP transport in the atmosphere should be quantified, because it furnishes important data for the development of applications for aircrew radiation protection, onboard dosimetry and the simulation of irradiation of sensitive equipment and particle detector systems used at ground level, flight and atmospheric balloon altitudes. In this work we calculate the angular distribution of the cosmic-ray-induced particles (CRIP) for altitudes from ground level up to 80?km using an application based on Geant4 developed in previous works. In order to quantify the effects of the Earth's magnetic field (EMF) on the angular distribution of the CRIP, the calculations were carried out both including the EMF in the South Atlantic Magnetic region and omitting it. A part of these results were compared with analytical calculations of the ratio between the mean free path of the primary particles from the cosmic radiation and the deflection radii at different altitudes in the atmosphere. The albedos of neutrons and protons at 80?km were estimated and compared with the QARM and ATMORAD codes, which ignore the Earth's magnetic field. |
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1112 |
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0927-6505 |
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0927-6505 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6726 |
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Author |
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Title |
Extensive air shower Monte Carlo modeling at the ground and aircraft flight altitude in the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly and comparison with neutron measurements |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Astroparticle Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
88 |
Issue |
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Pages |
17-29 |
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Keywords |
Extensive air shower modeling Flight altitude Geant4 MCNPX Monte Carlo method simulation South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly |
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Abstract |
Modeling cosmic-ray-induced particle fluxes in the atmosphere is very important for developing many applications in aeronautics, space weather and on ground experimental arrangements. There is a lack of measurements and modeling at flight altitude and on ground in the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly. In this work we have developed an application based on the Geant4 toolkit called gPartAt that is aimed at the analysis of extensive air shower particle spectra. Another application has been developed using the MCNPX code with the same approach in order to evaluate the models and nuclear data libraries used in each application. Moreover, measurements were performed to determine the ambient dose equivalent rate of neutrons at flight altitude in different regions and dates in the Brazilian airspace; these results were also compared with the simulations. The results from simulations of the neutron spectra at ground level were also compared to data from a neutron spectrometer in operation since February 2015 at the Pico dos Dias Observatory in Brazil, at 1864m above sea level, as part of a collaboration between the Institute for Advanced Studies (IEAv) and the French Aerospace Lab (ONERA). This measuring station is being operated with support from the National Astrophysics Laboratory (LNA). The modeling approaches were also compared to the AtmoRad computational platform, QARM, EXPACS codes and with measurements of the neutron spectrum taken in 2009 at the Pico dos Dias Observatory. |
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1112 |
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0927-6505 |
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0927-6505 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7035 |
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Author |
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Title |
Analysis of the angular distribution of cosmic-ray-induced particles in the atmosphere based on Monte Carlo simulations including the influence of the Earth's magnetic field |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Astroparticle Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
97 |
Issue |
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Pages |
106-117 |
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Keywords |
Angular distribution of the extensive air shower Flight altitude Monte Carlo method simulation South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly |
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Abstract |
Several applications exist that calculate cosmic-ray-induced particle (CRIP) spectra as a function of the altitude in the atmosphere. In general, the Earth's magnetic field is only used to modulate the primary cosmic radiation that arrives at the top of the atmosphere, but it can also modulate low-energy charged particles at flight altitudes. The effects of the Earth's magnetic field on the angular distributions of CRIP transport in the atmosphere should be quantified, because it furnishes important data for the development of applications for aircrew radiation protection, onboard dosimetry and the simulation of irradiation of sensitive equipment and particle detector systems used at ground level, flight and atmospheric balloon altitudes. In this work we calculate the angular distribution of the cosmic-ray-induced particles (CRIP) for altitudes from ground level up to 80?km using an application based on Geant4 developed in previous works. In order to quantify the effects of the Earth's magnetic field (EMF) on the angular distribution of the CRIP, the calculations were carried out both including the EMF in the South Atlantic Magnetic region and omitting it. A part of these results were compared with analytical calculations of the ratio between the mean free path of the primary particles from the cosmic radiation and the deflection radii at different altitudes in the atmosphere. The albedos of neutrons and protons at 80?km were estimated and compared with the QARM and ATMORAD codes, which ignore the Earth's magnetic field. |
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1112 |
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0927-6505 |
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0927-6505 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7042 |
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Author |
Aude Villemain, Patrice Godon |
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Title |
Toward a resilient organization: The management of unexpected hazard on the polar traverse |
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Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Safety Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
95 |
Issue |
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Pages |
210-218 |
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1199 |
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ISSN |
0925-7535 |
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0925-7535 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7327 |
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Author |
Rosemary Morrow, Elodie Kestenare |
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2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Marine Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
175 |
Issue |
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Pages |
46-62 |
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694 |
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ISSN |
0924-7963 |
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0924-7963 |
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yes |
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7631 |
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2017 |
Publication |
Global and Planetary Change |
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Volume |
148 |
Issue |
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Pages |
9-21 |
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Keywords |
Climate variability Historical reconstruction Multiple linear regression Statistical modelling Storm surge |
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688 |
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0921-8181 |
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0921-8181 |
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yes |
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7477 |
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