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	Author	Henri Weimerskirch, Fabrice Le Bouard, Peter G. Ryan, C. A. Bost
	Title	Massive decline of the world’s largest king penguin colony at Ile aux Cochons, Crozet			Type	Journal
	Year	2018	Publication	Antarctic Science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	30	Issue	4	Pages	236-242
	Keywords	Aptenodytes patagonicus remote sensing satellite image
	Abstract	King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus Miller) are major consumers in the Southern Ocean. The colony at Ile aux Cochons, Iles Crozet, in the southern Indian Ocean was known in the 1980s as the largest king penguin colony and the second largest penguin colony in the world. However, there have not been any recent estimates of this colony. Aerial photographs taken from a helicopter, and satellite images were used to report on changes in the colony and population sizes over the past 50 years. The colony has declined by 88% over the past 35 years, from c. 500 000 pairs to 60 000 pairs. The possible causes of this decline were explored but no plausible explanation for such an unprecedented decrease in penguin populations was found. The study highlights the use of satellite imagery as a non-invasive technique for population monitoring, and stresses the need for further research on the causes of this alarming trend in this colony.
	Programme	109,394
	Campaign
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Bachelor's thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0954-1020, 1365-2079	ISBN	0954-1020, 1365-2079	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	7128
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	Author	Lambs Luc, Mangion Perrine, Mougin Eric, Fromard François
	Title	Water cycle and salinity dynamics in the mangrove forests of Europa and Juan de Nova Islands, southwest Indian Ocean			Type	Journal
	Year	2016	Publication	Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	30	Issue	2	Pages	311-320
	Keywords
	Abstract	Rationale The functioning of mangrove forests found on small coralline islands is characterized by limited freshwater inputs. Here, we present data on the water cycling of such systems located on Europa and Juan de Nova Islands, Mozambique Channel. Methods In order to better understand the water cycle and mangrove growth conditions, we have analysed the hydrological and salinity dynamics of the systems by gauge pressure and isotopic tracing (δ18O and δ2H values). Results Both islands have important seawater intrusion as measured by the water level change and the high salinities in the karstic ponds. Europa Island displays higher salinity stress, with its inner lagoon, but presents a pluri?specific mangrove species formation ranging from shrub to forest stands. No freshwater signal could be detected around the mangrove trees. On Juan de Nova Island, the presence of sand and detrital sediment allows the storage of some amount of rainfall to form a brackish groundwater. The mangrove surface area is very limited with only small mono?specific stands being present in karstic depression. Conclusions On the drier Europa Island, the salinity of all the water points is equal to or higher than that of the seawater, and on Juan de Nova the groundwater salinity is lower (5 to 20 PSU). This preliminary study shows that the karstic pothole mangroves exist due to the sea connection through the fractured coral and the high tidal dynamics. Copyright ? 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
	Programme	688
	Campaign
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0951-4198	ISBN	0951-4198	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	6849
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	Author	Cyril Palerme, Christophe Genthon, Chantal Claud, Jennifer E. Kay, Norman B. Wood, Tristan L’Ecuyer
	Title	Evaluation of current and projected Antarctic precipitation in CMIP5 models			Type	Journal
	Year	2017	Publication	Climate Dynamics	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	48	Issue	1-2	Pages	225-239
	Keywords
	Abstract	On average, the models in the Fifth Climate Model Intercomparison Project archive predict an increase in Antarctic precipitation from 5.5 to 24.5 % between 1986–2005 and 2080–2099, depending on greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. This translates into a moderation of future sea level rise ranging from −19 to −71 mm between 2006 and 2099. However, comparison with CloudSat and ERA-Interim data show that almost all the models overestimate current Antarctic precipitation, some by more than 100 %. If only the models that agree with CloudSat data within 20 % of error are considered, larger precipitation changes (from 7.4 to 29.3 %) and impact on sea level (from −25 to −85 mm) are predicted. A common practice of averaging all models to evaluate climate projections thus leads to a significant underestimation of the contribution of Antarctic precipitation to future sea level. Models simulate, on average, a 7.4 %/°C precipitation change with surface temperature warming. The models in better agreement with CloudSat observations for Antarctic snowfall predict, on average, larger temperature and Antarctic sea ice cover changes, which could explain the larger changes in Antarctic precipitation simulated by these models. The agreement between the models, CloudSat data and ERA-Interim is generally less in the interior of Antarctica than at the peripheries, but the interior is also where climate change will induce the smallest absolute change in precipitation. About three-quarters of the impact on sea level will result from precipitation change over the half most peripheral and lowest elevation part of the surface of Antarctica.
	Programme	1143
	Campaign
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0930-7575, 1432-0894	ISBN	0930-7575, 1432-0894	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	6674
Permanent link to this record



	Author	M. T. Pazianotto, M. A. Cortés-Giraldo, C. A. Federico, G. Hubert, O. L. Gonçalez, J. M. Quesada, B. V. Carlson
	Title	Extensive air shower Monte Carlo modeling at the ground and aircraft flight altitude in the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly and comparison with neutron measurements			Type	Journal
	Year	2017	Publication	Astroparticle Physics	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	88	Issue		Pages	17-29
	Keywords	Extensive air shower modeling Flight altitude Geant4 MCNPX Monte Carlo method simulation South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly
	Abstract	Modeling cosmic-ray-induced particle fluxes in the atmosphere is very important for developing many applications in aeronautics, space weather and on ground experimental arrangements. There is a lack of measurements and modeling at flight altitude and on ground in the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly. In this work we have developed an application based on the Geant4 toolkit called gPartAt that is aimed at the analysis of extensive air shower particle spectra. Another application has been developed using the MCNPX code with the same approach in order to evaluate the models and nuclear data libraries used in each application. Moreover, measurements were performed to determine the ambient dose equivalent rate of neutrons at flight altitude in different regions and dates in the Brazilian airspace; these results were also compared with the simulations. The results from simulations of the neutron spectra at ground level were also compared to data from a neutron spectrometer in operation since February 2015 at the Pico dos Dias Observatory in Brazil, at 1864m above sea level, as part of a collaboration between the Institute for Advanced Studies (IEAv) and the French Aerospace Lab (ONERA). This measuring station is being operated with support from the National Astrophysics Laboratory (LNA). The modeling approaches were also compared to the AtmoRad computational platform, QARM, EXPACS codes and with measurements of the neutron spectrum taken in 2009 at the Pico dos Dias Observatory.
	Programme	1112
	Campaign
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0927-6505	ISBN	0927-6505	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	6723
Permanent link to this record



	Author	M. T. Pazianotto, M. A. Cortés-Giraldo, C. A. Federico, O. L. Gonçales, G. Hubert, J. M. Quesada, B. V. Carlson
	Title	Analysis of the angular distribution of cosmic-ray-induced particles in the atmosphere based on Monte Carlo simulations including the influence of the Earth's magnetic field			Type	Journal
	Year	2017	Publication	Astroparticle Physics	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	97	Issue		Pages	106-117
	Keywords	Angular distribution of the extensive air shower Flight altitude Monte Carlo method simulation South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly
	Abstract	Several applications exist that calculate cosmic-ray-induced particle (CRIP) spectra as a function of the altitude in the atmosphere. In general, the Earth's magnetic field is only used to modulate the primary cosmic radiation that arrives at the top of the atmosphere, but it can also modulate low-energy charged particles at flight altitudes. The effects of the Earth's magnetic field on the angular distributions of CRIP transport in the atmosphere should be quantified, because it furnishes important data for the development of applications for aircrew radiation protection, onboard dosimetry and the simulation of irradiation of sensitive equipment and particle detector systems used at ground level, flight and atmospheric balloon altitudes. In this work we calculate the angular distribution of the cosmic-ray-induced particles (CRIP) for altitudes from ground level up to 80 km using an application based on Geant4 developed in previous works. In order to quantify the effects of the Earth's magnetic field (EMF) on the angular distribution of the CRIP, the calculations were carried out both including the EMF in the South Atlantic Magnetic region and omitting it. A part of these results were compared with analytical calculations of the ratio between the mean free path of the primary particles from the cosmic radiation and the deflection radii at different altitudes in the atmosphere. The albedos of neutrons and protons at 80 km were estimated and compared with the QARM and ATMORAD codes, which ignore the Earth's magnetic field.
	Programme	1112
	Campaign
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0927-6505	ISBN	0927-6505	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	6726
Permanent link to this record



	Author	M. T. Pazianotto, M. A. Cortés-Giraldo, C. A. Federico, G. Hubert, O. L. Gonçalez, J. M. Quesada, B. V. Carlson
	Title	Extensive air shower Monte Carlo modeling at the ground and aircraft flight altitude in the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly and comparison with neutron measurements			Type	Journal
	Year	2017	Publication	Astroparticle Physics	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	88	Issue		Pages	17-29
	Keywords	Extensive air shower modeling Flight altitude Geant4 MCNPX Monte Carlo method simulation South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly
	Abstract	Modeling cosmic-ray-induced particle fluxes in the atmosphere is very important for developing many applications in aeronautics, space weather and on ground experimental arrangements. There is a lack of measurements and modeling at flight altitude and on ground in the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly. In this work we have developed an application based on the Geant4 toolkit called gPartAt that is aimed at the analysis of extensive air shower particle spectra. Another application has been developed using the MCNPX code with the same approach in order to evaluate the models and nuclear data libraries used in each application. Moreover, measurements were performed to determine the ambient dose equivalent rate of neutrons at flight altitude in different regions and dates in the Brazilian airspace; these results were also compared with the simulations. The results from simulations of the neutron spectra at ground level were also compared to data from a neutron spectrometer in operation since February 2015 at the Pico dos Dias Observatory in Brazil, at 1864m above sea level, as part of a collaboration between the Institute for Advanced Studies (IEAv) and the French Aerospace Lab (ONERA). This measuring station is being operated with support from the National Astrophysics Laboratory (LNA). The modeling approaches were also compared to the AtmoRad computational platform, QARM, EXPACS codes and with measurements of the neutron spectrum taken in 2009 at the Pico dos Dias Observatory.
	Programme	1112
	Campaign
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0927-6505	ISBN	0927-6505	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	7035
Permanent link to this record



	Author	M. T. Pazianotto, M. A. Cortés-Giraldo, C. A. Federico, O. L. Gonçales, G. Hubert, J. M. Quesada, B. V. Carlson
	Title	Analysis of the angular distribution of cosmic-ray-induced particles in the atmosphere based on Monte Carlo simulations including the influence of the Earth's magnetic field			Type	Journal
	Year	2018	Publication	Astroparticle Physics	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	97	Issue		Pages	106-117
	Keywords	Angular distribution of the extensive air shower Flight altitude Monte Carlo method simulation South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly
	Abstract	Several applications exist that calculate cosmic-ray-induced particle (CRIP) spectra as a function of the altitude in the atmosphere. In general, the Earth's magnetic field is only used to modulate the primary cosmic radiation that arrives at the top of the atmosphere, but it can also modulate low-energy charged particles at flight altitudes. The effects of the Earth's magnetic field on the angular distributions of CRIP transport in the atmosphere should be quantified, because it furnishes important data for the development of applications for aircrew radiation protection, onboard dosimetry and the simulation of irradiation of sensitive equipment and particle detector systems used at ground level, flight and atmospheric balloon altitudes. In this work we calculate the angular distribution of the cosmic-ray-induced particles (CRIP) for altitudes from ground level up to 80 km using an application based on Geant4 developed in previous works. In order to quantify the effects of the Earth's magnetic field (EMF) on the angular distribution of the CRIP, the calculations were carried out both including the EMF in the South Atlantic Magnetic region and omitting it. A part of these results were compared with analytical calculations of the ratio between the mean free path of the primary particles from the cosmic radiation and the deflection radii at different altitudes in the atmosphere. The albedos of neutrons and protons at 80 km were estimated and compared with the QARM and ATMORAD codes, which ignore the Earth's magnetic field.
	Programme	1112
	Campaign
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0927-6505	ISBN	0927-6505	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	7042
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Aude Villemain, Patrice Godon
	Title	Toward a resilient organization: The management of unexpected hazard on the polar traverse			Type	Journal
	Year	2017	Publication	Safety Science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	95	Issue		Pages	210-218
	Keywords	Organizational resilience Polar conditions Proactive–reactive adjustments Safety management Unexpected events
	Abstract	The aim of this research is to understand the organizational resilience through the safety management when unexpected events occurred, on an atypical transport environment, the polar traverse. Three polar traverses were studied, one of which being a detailed case study. Thus, ethnological observations over 3year periods from 2012 to 2015 (to understand the traverse logic, functioning through unexpected event) and all-day interviews during a traverse (to understand actions and strategies of organizational resilience to cope unforeseen events) were collected. The main results, from quantitative and qualitative analysis, indicated (1) mechanical, organizational and both interventions allowed to face unexpected incidents on the traverse, (2) great possibilities to take actions on the convoy organization enabled to develop a pro-active management of the safety in alternation with reactive adjustments; (3) the importance was to preserve the machines functionality even if operators have to face environment hostility to repair; and (4) the variation of the convoy organization was permanent in its whole even if the incidents concerned only one road track. The strategies of organizational resilience building will be discussed in this article, around the proactive–reactive management, the organizational dynamic, the risk evaluation, and the risk taken to preserve the room manoeuver.
	Programme	1199
	Campaign
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0925-7535	ISBN	0925-7535	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	7327
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Rosemary Morrow, Elodie Kestenare
	Title	22-year surface salinity changes in the Seasonal Ice Zone near 140°E off Antarctica			Type	Journal
	Year	2017	Publication	Journal of Marine Systems	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	175	Issue		Pages	46-62
	Keywords
	Abstract	Seasonal and interannual variations in sea surface salinity (SSS) are analyzed in the Sea Ice Zone south of 60°S, from a 22-year time series of observations near 140°E. In the northern sea-ice zone during the warming, melting cycle from October to March, waters warm by an average of 3.5°C and become fresher by 0.1 to 0.25. In the southern sea-ice zone, the surface temperatures vary from −1 to 1°C over summer, and the maximal SSS range occurs in December, with a minimum SSS of 33.65 near the Southern Boundary of the ACC, reaching 34.4 in the shelf waters close to the coast. The main fronts, normally defined at subsurface, are shown to have more distinct seasonal characteristics in SSS than in SST. The interannual variations in SSS are more closely linked to variations in upstream sea-ice cover than surface forcing. SSS and sea-ice variations show distinct phases, with large biannual variations in the early 1990s, weaker variations in the 2000s and larger variations again from 2009 onwards. The calving of the Mertz Glacier Tongue in February 2010 leads to increased sea-ice cover and widespread freshening of the surface layers from 2011 onwards. Summer freshening in the northern sea-ice zone is ~0.05–0.07 per decade, increasing to 0.08 per decade in the southern sea-ice zone, largely influenced by the Mertz Glacier calving event at the end of our time series. The summer time series of SSS on the shelf at 140°E is in phase but less variable than the SSS observed upstream in the Adélie Depression, and thus represents a spatially integrated index of the wider SSS variations.
	Programme	694
	Campaign
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0924-7963	ISBN	0924-7963	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	7631
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	Author	Alba Cid, Paula Camus, Sonia Castanedo, Fernando J. Méndez, Raúl Medina
	Title	Global reconstructed daily surge levels from the 20th Century Reanalysis (1871–2010)			Type	Journal
	Year	2017	Publication	Global and Planetary Change	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	148	Issue		Pages	9-21
	Keywords	Climate variability Historical reconstruction Multiple linear regression Statistical modelling Storm surge
	Abstract	Studying the effect of global patterns of wind and pressure gradients on the sea level variation (storm surge) is a key issue in understanding the recent climate change effect on the dynamical state of the ocean. The analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of storm surges from observations is a difficult task to accomplish since observations are not homogeneous in time, scarce in space, and moreover, their temporal coverage is limited. A recent global surge database developed by AVISO (DAC, Dynamic Atmospheric Correction) fulfilled the lack of data in terms of spatial coverage, but not regarding time extent, since it only includes the last two decades (1992–2014). In this work, we use the 20th Century Reanalysis V2 (20CR), which spans the years 1871 to 2010, to statistically reconstruct daily maximum surge levels at a global scale. A multivariate linear regression model is fitted between daily mean ERA-interim sea level pressure fields and daily maximum surge levels from DAC. Following, the statistical model is used to reconstruct daily surges using mean sea level pressure fields from 20CR. The verification of the statistical model shows good agreements between DAC levels and the reconstructed surge levels from the 20CR. The validation of the reconstructed surge with tide gauges, distributed throughout the domain, shows good accuracy both in terms of high correlations and small errors. A time series comparison is also depicted at specific tide gauges for the beginning of the 20th century, showing a high concordance. Therefore, this work provides to the scientific community, a daily database of maximum surge levels; which correspond to an extension of the DAC database, from 1871 to 2010. This database can be used to improve the knowledge on historical storm surge conditions, allowing the study of their temporal and spatial variability.
	Programme	688
	Campaign
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0921-8181	ISBN	0921-8181	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	7477
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