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. (2019). (Vol. 33). Bachelor's thesis, , .
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H. Weimerskirch, D. P. Filippi, J. Collet, S. M. Waugh, S. C. Patrick. (2017). Use of radar detectors to track attendance of albatrosses at fishing vessels (Vol. 32).
Abstract: Despite international waters covering over 60% of the world's oceans, understanding of how fisheries in these regions shape ecosystem processes is surprisingly poor. Seabirds forage at fishing vessels, which has potentially deleterious effects for their population, but the extent of overlap and behavior in relation to ships is poorly known. Using novel biologging devices, which detect radar emissions and record the position of boats and seabirds, we measured the true extent of the overlap between seabirds and fishing vessels and generated estimates of the intensity of fishing and distribution of vessels in international waters. During breeding, wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans) from the Crozet Islands patrolled an area of over 10 million km2 at distances up to 2500 km from the colony. Up to 79.5% of loggers attached to birds detected vessels. The extent of overlap between albatrosses and fisheries has widespread implications for bycatch risk in seabirds and reveals the areas of intense fishing throughout the ocean. We suggest that seabirds equipped with radar detectors are excellent monitors of the presence of vessels in the Southern Ocean and offer a new way to monitor the presence of illegal fisheries and to better understand the impact of fisheries on seabirds.
Programme: 109
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. (2019). Applying science to pressing conservation needs for penguins (Vol. n/a).
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. (2016). Associations between Resting, Activity, and Daily Metabolic Rate in Free-Living Endotherms: No Universal Rule in Birds and Mammals (Vol. 89).
Abstract: Energy management models provide theories and predictions for how animals manage their energy budgets within their energetic constraints, in terms of their resting metabolic rate (RMR) and daily energy expenditure (DEE). Thus, uncovering what associations exist between DEE and RMR is key to testing these models. Accordingly, there is considerable interest in the relationship between DEE and RMR at both inter- and intraspecific levels. Interpretation of the evidence for particular energy management models is enhanced by also considering the energy spent specifically on costly activities (activity energy expenditure [AEE] = DEE ? RMR). However, to date there have been few intraspecific studies investigating such patterns. Our aim was to determine whether there is a generality of intraspecific relationships among RMR, DEE, and AEE using long-term data sets for bird and mammal species. For mammals, we use minimum heart rate (fH), mean fH, and activity fH as qualitative proxies for RMR, DEE, and AEE, respectively. For the birds, we take advantage of calibration equations to convert fH into rate of oxygen consumption in order to provide quantitative proxies for RMR, DEE, and AEE. For all 11 species, the DEE proxy was significantly positively correlated with the RMR proxy. There was also evidence of a significant positive correlation between AEE and RMR in all four mammal species but only in some of the bird species. Our results indicate there is no universal rule for birds and mammals governing the relationships among RMR, AEE, and DEE. Furthermore, they suggest that birds tend to have a different strategy for managing their energy budgets from those of mammals and that there are also differences in strategy between bird species. Future work in laboratory settings or highly controlled field settings can tease out the environmental and physiological processes contributing to variation in energy management strategies exhibited by different species.
Programme: 388
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. (2016). Patterns of genetic diversity and structure in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Nacella (Patellogastropoda: Nacellidae) species (Vol. 17).
Abstract: The biogeography of the Southern Ocean reflects complex interactions between major macro-evolutionary forces and biotic elements. Major gateway openings, the establishment of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and climate cooling are deeply connected to the composition, abundance and distribution of the Southern Ocean marine benthic fauna. Glacial episodes of the Quaternary heavily impacted the distribution of the genetic variation of the Southern Ocean biota. The genus Nacella includes 12 nominal species in different provinces of the Southern Ocean. In this study, we compared patterns of mitochondrial DNA diversity in three Nacella species from Antarctic Peninsula, Kerguelen Island and Patagonia. Low levels of genetic diversity and absence of genetic structure characterise each one of them showing the strong impact of ice advances and retreats over their respective demographics. Haplotype diversity, short genealogies and demographic inference recorded suggest the occurrence of a more dramatic demographic process in Antarctic Peninsula than in the sub-Antarctic.
Keywords: Antarctic Circumpolar Current biogeography Last Glacial Maximum Nacella phylogeography Southern Ocean
Programme: 1044
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Peter Baas, Bas J. H. van de Wiel, Erik van Meijgaard, Etienne Vignon, Christophe Genthon, Steven J. A. van der Linden, Stephan R. de Roode. (2019). Transitions in the wintertime near-surface temperature inversion at Dome C, Antarctica (Vol. 145).
Keywords: Antarctic atmosphere observational data analysis regime transition single-column model stable boundary layer
Programme: 1013
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. (2016). Unexpected diversity in socially synchronized rhythms of shorebirds (Vol. 540).
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. (2020). A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks (Vol. 586).
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. (2012). High temporal resolution monitoring of snow cover using oblique view ground-based pictures (Vol. 48).
Abstract: Due to poor weather conditions including common heavy cloud cover at polar latitudes, daily satellite imaging is not always accessible. Nevertheless, fast events including heavy rainfall inducing floods appear as significant in the ice and snow budget while being ignored by satellite based studies since the slower sampling rate is unable to observe such short phenomena. We complement satellite imagery with a set of ground based autonomous automated high resolution digital cameras. The recorded oblique views, acquired at a rate of 3 images per day, are processed for comparison with the spaceborne imagery. Delaunay triangulation based mapping using a dense set of reference points provides the means for an accurate projection by applying a rubber sheeting algorithm. The measurement strategy of identifying binary information of ice and snow cover is illustrated through the example of a particular flood event. We observe a snow cover evolution from 100% to 44.5% and back to 100% over a period of 2 weeks.
Programme: 1108
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. (2012). (Vol. 48).
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