Records |
Author |
Christian Zdanowicz, Jean-Charles Gallet, Mats P. Björkman, Catherine Larose, Thomas Schuler, Bartłomiej Luks, Krystyna Koziol, Andrea Spolaor, Elena Barbaro, Tõnu Martma, Ward van Pelt, Ulla Wideqvist, Johan Ström |
Title |
Elemental and water-insoluble organic carbon in Svalbard snow: a synthesis of observations during 2007–2018 |
Type |
Journal |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
Volume |
21 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
3035-3057 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
Light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols emitted by biomass or fossil fuel combustion can contribute to amplifying Arctic climate warming by lowering the albedo of snow. The Svalbard archipelago, being near to Europe and Russia, is particularly affected by these pollutants, and improved knowledge of their distribution in snow is needed to assess their impact. Here we present and synthesize new data obtained on Svalbard between 2007 and 2018, comprising measurements of elemental (EC) and water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) in snow from 37 separate sites. We used these data, combined with meteorological data and snowpack modeling, to investigate the variability of EC and WIOC deposition in Svalbard snow across latitude, longitude, elevation and time. Overall, EC concentrations (CsnowEC) ranged from <1.0 to 266.6 ng g−1, while WIOC concentrations (CsnowWIOC) ranged from <1 to 9426 ng g−1, with the highest values observed near Ny-Ålesund. Calculated snowpack loadings (LsnowEC, LsnowWIOC) on glaciers surveyed in spring 2016 were 0.1 to 2.6 mg m−2 and 2 to 173 mg m−2, respectively. The median CsnowEC and the LsnowEC on those glaciers were close to or lower than those found in earlier (2007–2009), comparable surveys. Both LsnowEC and LsnowWIOC increased with elevation and snow accumulation, with dry deposition likely playing a minor role. Estimated area-averaged snowpack loads across Svalbard were 1.1 mg EC m−2 and 38.3 mg WIOC m−2 for the 2015–2016 winter. An ∼11-year long dataset of spring surface snow measurements from the central Brøgger Peninsula was used to quantify the interannual variability of EC and WIOC deposition in snow. In most years, CsnowEC and CsnowWIOC at Ny-Ålesund (50 m a.s.l.) were 2–5 times higher than on the nearby Austre Brøggerbreen glacier (456 m a.s.l.), and the median EC/WIOC in Ny-Ålesund was 6 times higher, suggesting a possible influence of local EC emission from Ny-Ålesund. While no long-term trends between 2011 and 2018 were found, CsnowEC and CsnowWIOC showed synchronous variations at Ny-Ålesund and Austre Brøggerbreen. When compared with data from other circum-Arctic sites obtained by comparable methods, the median CsnowEC on Svalbard falls between that found in central Greenland (lowest) and those in continental sectors of European Arctic (northern Scandinavia, Russia and Siberia; highest), which is consistent with large-scale patterns of BC in snow reported by surveys based on other methods. |
Programme |
1192 |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1680-7316 |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
Call Number |
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Serial |
8604 |
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Author |
R. Sulzbach, H. Dobslaw, M. Thomas |
Title |
High-Resolution Numerical Modeling of Barotropic Global Ocean Tides for Satellite Gravimetry |
Type |
Journal |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
126 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e2020JC017097 |
Keywords |
M2-tide minor tides pole-rotation self-attraction and loading tide-generating potential topographic wavedrag |
Abstract |
The recently upgraded barotropic tidal model TiME is employed to study the influence of fundamental tidal processes, the chosen model resolution, and the bathymetric map on the achievable model accuracy, exemplary for the M2 tide. Additionally, the newly introduced pole-rotation scheme allows to estimate the model’s inherent precision (open ocean rms: 0.90 cm) and enables studies of the Arctic domain without numerical deviations originating from pole cap handling. We find that the smallest open ocean rms with respect to the FES14-atlas (3.39 cm) is obtained when tidal dissipation is carried out to similar parts by quadratic bottom friction, wave drag, and parametrized eddy-viscosity. This setting proves versatile to obtaining high accuracy values for a diverse ensemble of additional partial tides. Using the preferred model settings, we show that for certain minor tides it is possible to obtain solutions that are more accurate than results derived with admittance assumptions from data-constrained tidal atlases. As linear admittance derived minor tides are routinely used for de-aliasing of satellite gravimetric data, this opens the potential for improving gravity field products by employing the solutions from TiME. |
Programme |
688 |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2169-9291 |
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Approved |
yes |
Call Number |
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Serial |
8605 |
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Author |
Andrea Spolaor, Beatrice Moroni, Bartłomiej Luks, Adam Nawrot, Marco Roman, Catherine Larose, Łukasz Stachnik, Federica Bruschi, Krystyna Kozioł, Filip Pawlak, Clara Turetta, Elena Barbaro, Jean-Charles Gallet, David Cappelletti |
Title |
Investigation on the Sources and Impact of Trace Elements in the Annual Snowpack and the Firn in the Hansbreen (Southwest Spitsbergen) |
Type |
Journal |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Earth Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
We present a thorough evaluation of the water soluble fraction of the trace element composition (Ca, Sr, Mg, Na, K, Li, B, Rb, U, Ni, Co, As, Cs, Cd, Mo, Se, Eu, Ba, V, Ge, Ga, Cr, Cr, P, Ti, Mn, Zr, Ce, Zn, Fe, Gd, Y, Pb, Bi, Yb, Al, Nb, Er, Nd, Dy, Sm, Ho, Th, La, Lu, Tm, Pr, Tb, Fe, In, Tl) and their fluxes in the annual snowpack and the firn of the Hansbreen (a tidewater glacier terminating in the Hornsund fjord, southwest Spitsbergen). The trace element samples were obtained from a 3 m deep snow pit dug at the plateau of the glacier (450 m a.s.l.), and from a 2 m deep firn core collected from the bottom of the snow pit. The comparison of elemental fluxes and enrichment factors allowed us to constrain specific summer and wintertime deposition patterns of water soluble trace elements in the southern part of the Svalbard archipelago. Our results suggest that the chemical composition of the Hansbreen (and likely other glaciers where the summit is close to the equilibrium line) is mainly affected by summertime deposition of trace elements from local sources and some volatile elements, which may be transported into the Arctic when polar vortex is weak. The melting of the annual snowpack seems to have a minor influence on the overall chemical signature of the glacier ice. |
Programme |
1192 |
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ISSN |
2296-6463 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
Call Number |
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Serial |
8606 |
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Author |
Don-Jean Léandri-Breton, Arnaud Tarroux, Kyle H. Elliott, Pierre Legagneux, Frédéric Angelier, Pierre Blévin, Vegard Sandøy Bråthen, Per Fauchald, Aurélie Goutte, William Jouanneau, Sabrina Tartu, Børge Moe, Olivier Chastel |
Title |
Long-term tracking of an Arctic-breeding seabird indicates high fidelity to pelagic wintering areas |
Type |
Journal |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
676 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
205-218 |
Keywords |
Biologging Global Location Sensors GLS Individual consistency Migration Nearest neighbor distance Repeatability Spatial distribution |
Abstract |
Site fidelity is driven by predictable resource distributions in time and space. However, intrinsic factors related to an individual’s physiology and life-history traits can contribute to consistent foraging behaviour and movement patterns. Using 11 yr of continuous geolocation tracking data (fall 2008 to spring 2019), we investigated spatiotemporal consistency in non-breeding movements in a pelagic seabird population of black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla breeding in the High Arctic (Svalbard). Our objective was to assess the relative importance of spatial versus temporal repeatability behind inter-annual movement consistency during winter. Most kittiwakes used pelagic regions of the western North Atlantic. Winter site fidelity was high both within and across individuals and at meso (100-1000 km) and macro scales (>1000 km). Spatial consistency in non-breeding movement was higher within than among individuals, suggesting that site fidelity might emerge from individuals’ memory to return to locations with predictable resource availability. Consistency was also stronger in space than in time, suggesting that it was driven by consistent resource pulses that may vary in time more so than in space. Nonetheless, some individuals displayed more flexibility by adopting a strategy of itinerancy during winter, and the causes of this flexibility are unclear. Specialization for key wintering areas can indicate vulnerability to environmental perturbations, with winter survival and carry-over effects arising from winter conditions as potential drivers of population dynamics. |
Programme |
330 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
Call Number |
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Serial |
8607 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Richard D. Ray, Bryant D. Loomis, Victor Zlotnicki |
Title |
The mean seasonal cycle in relative sea level from satellite altimetry and gravimetry |
Type |
Journal |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Geodesy |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
95 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
80 |
Keywords |
Annual geocenter motion Annual land motion Annual/semiannual cycle Satellite altimetry |
Abstract |
Satellite altimetry and gravimetry are used to determine the mean seasonal cycle in relative sea level, a quantity relevant to coastal flooding and related applications. The main harmonics (annual, semiannual, terannual) are estimated from 25 years of gridded altimetry, while several conventional altimeter “corrections” (gravitational tide, pole tide, and inverted barometer) are restored. To transform from absolute to relative sea levels, a model of vertical land motion is developed from a high-resolution seasonal mass inversion estimated from satellite gravimetry. An adjustment for annual geocenter motion accounts for use of a center-of-mass reference frame in satellite orbit determination. A set of 544 test tide gauges, from which seasonal harmonics have been estimated from hourly measurements, is used to assess how accurately each adjustment to the altimeter data helps converge the results to true relative sea levels. At these gauges, the median annual and semiannual amplitudes are 7.1 cm and 2.2 cm, respectively. The root-mean-square differences with altimetry are 3.24 and 1.17 cm, respectively, which are reduced to 1.93 and 0.86 cm after restoration of corrections and adjustment for land motion. Example outliers highlight some limitations of present-day coastal altimetry owing to inadequate spatial resolution: upwelling and currents off Oregon and wave setup at Minamitori Island. |
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688 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1432-1394 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
Call Number |
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Serial |
8610 |
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Author |
Jouanneau W.; Léandri-breton D-j.; Herzke D.; Moe B.; Nikiforov V. A.; Pallud M.; Parenteau C.; Gabrielsen G. W.; Chastel O. |
Title |
Maternal transfer of contaminants and endocrine disruption in an Arctic seabird |
Type |
Peer-reviewed symposium |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
5th animal ecophysiology seminar “cepa5” 2021 – november 2-4 – montpellier, france |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
330 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
Call Number |
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Serial |
8655 |
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Author |
Gómez Coutouly, Yan Axel |
Title |
Un peuplement antérieur à 20 000 ans en Amérique ? Le caractère anthropique des sites de Pedra Furada (Brésil) en question |
Type |
Journal |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Bulletin de la société préhistorique française |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
118 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
245-275 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1217 |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
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ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Approved |
yes |
Call Number |
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Serial |
8690 |
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Author |
Yan Axel Gomez Coutouly |
Title |
Un peuplement antérieur à 20 000 ans en Amérique ? |
Type |
Book Chapter |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
« Et pourtant elle tourne ! » blocages épistémologiques en archéologie. Colloque organisé par Laure Fontana et Sophie A. de Beaune, (Projets collectifs ArScAn), 18-19 novembre 2021, Campus de Nanterre Université, France |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1217 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Edition |
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yes |
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Serial |
8692 |
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Author |
Vallas B. |
Title |
Structuration spatiale et temporelle des colonies de manchots royaux (Aptenodytes patagonicus) |
Type |
Thesis |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Mémoires de diplôme de l'EPHE en SVT |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
137 |
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Edition |
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ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
Call Number |
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Serial |
8717 |
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Author |
Julien Jumelet, Florent Tencé, Alain Sarkissian, Slimane Bekki, Philippe Keckhut |
Title |
10 years of Polar Stratospheric Clouds lidar measurements at the French antarctic station Dumont d'Urville |
Type |
Peer-reviewed symposium |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
EGU General Assembly 2021 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
EGU21 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) play a primary role in polar stratospheric ozone depletion processes. Aside from recent improvements in both spaceborne monitoring as well as investigations on microphysics and modeling, there are still caveats on building a comprehensive picture of the PSC particle population, especially considering the fine optical signatures of some particles. In that regard, groundbased instruments provide fine and long term reference measurements that complement the global spaceborne coverage. Operated at the French antarctic station Dumont d’Urville (DDU) in the frame of the international Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), the Rayleigh/Mie/Raman lidar provides over the years a solid dataset to feed both process and classification studies, by monitoring cloud and aerosol occurrences in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Located on antarctic shore (66°S – 140°E), the station has a privileged access to polar vortex dynamics. Measurements are weather-dependent with a yearly average of 130 nights of monitoring. Expected PSC formation temperatures are used to evaluate the whole PSC season occurrence statistics. We hereby present a consolidated dataset from 10 years of lidar measurements using the 532nm backscatter ratio, the aerosol depolarisation and local atmospheric conditions to help in building an aerosol/cloud classification. Overall, the DDU PSC pattern is very consistent with expected typical temperature controlled thresholds. Supercooled Ternary Solution (STS) particles are the most observed particle type, closely followed by Nitric Acid Trihydrate (NAT). ICE clouds are more rarely observed. The measurements also feature significant and detailed signatures of various aerosols events having reached the polar antarctic stratosphere, like the Calbuco eruption (2015) or the 2 australian wildfires episodes (2009 and 2019). We aim at refining the identification of those aerosols to include their impact in the scope of the scientific questions studied at DDU. |
Programme |
209 |
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Approved |
yes |
Call Number |
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Serial |
8725 |
Permanent link to this record |