| Records |
| Author |
Fabrice Genevois, Christophe Barbraud |
| Title |
An observation of a gentoo penguin Pygoscelis papua feeding an Adélie penguin P. adeliae chick |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
44 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
217-219 |
| Keywords |
Antarctic Interspecific feeding Penguin |
| Abstract |
Interspecific feeding refers to behavior where an adult of one species feeds the young of another species, with the exclusion of brood parasitism. In birds, most of observed cases concern passerines and this behavior has so far never been described among seabirds. We report on interspecific feeding provided by an adult gentoo penguin Pygoscelis papua to an Adélie penguin P. adeliae chick on the Antarctic Peninsula. |
| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1432-2056 |
ISBN  |
1432-2056 |
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
8324 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
| Author |
Anika Immer, Thomas Merkling, Olivier Chastel, Scott A. Hatch, Etienne Danchin, Pierrick Blanchard, Sarah Leclaire |
| Title |
Spying on your neighbours? Social information affects timing of breeding and stress hormone levels in a colonial seabird |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Evolutionary Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
35 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
463-481 |
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
A good overlap between offspring energetic requirements and availability of resources is required for successful reproduction. Accordingly, individuals from numerous species fine-tune their timing of breeding by integrating cues that predict environmental conditions during the offspring period. Besides acquiring information from their direct interaction with the environment (personal information), individuals can integrate information by observing the behaviours or performance of others (social information). The use of social information is often beneficial because the accumulated knowledge of conspecifics may represent a source of information more reliable than the intrinsically more limited personal information. However, although social information constitutes the major source of information in a wide range of contexts, studies investigating its use in the context of timing of breeding are scarce. We investigated whether black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) used social information to adjust the timing of egg-laying. We manipulated social information using a food-supplementation experiment, known to advance kittiwakes' reproductive phenology. We expected food-supplemented and unsupplemented pairs to delay and advance, respectively, their timing of laying when surrounded by a majority of neighbours from the opposite food-treatment. However, both unsupplemented and food-supplemented kittiwakes delayed egg-laying when surrounded by a higher proportion of neighbours from the opposite food-treatment. This result shows that kittiwakes use social information to time egg-laying, but that it is not used to match the seasonal peak of food availability. We suggest that when social and personal cues give contradictory environmental information, individuals may benefit from delaying laying to gather more information to make better decisions about investment into eggs. Further, we explored a potential proximate mechanism for the pattern we report. We show that baseline corticosterone, known to mediate reproductive decisions, was lower in unsupplemented females facing a higher proportion of food-supplemented neighbours. Altogether, our results suggest that to fine-tune their timing of laying, kittiwakes use complex decision-making processes in which social and personal information interplay. |
| Programme |
1162 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1573-8477 |
ISBN |
1573-8477 |
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
8245 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
| Author |
Christophe Sauser, Karine Delord, Christophe Barbraud |
| Title |
Demographic sensitivity to environmental forcings: a multi-trait, multi-colony approach |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Oikos |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
130 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
943-957 |
| Keywords |
Antarctic bottom–up capture–mark–recapture demography elasticity matrix population model multi-colony perturbation analysis sea ice seabirds top–down |
| Abstract |
Understanding the demographic responses of wild animal populations to different factors is fundamental to make reliable prediction of population dynamics. Both bottom–up processes and top–down regulation operate in terrestrial and marine ecosystems, but their relative contribution remains insufficiently known. In addition, direct weather effects on demographic rates have been overlooked in marine ecosystems and inferences on the demographic effects of environmental drivers were overwhelmingly made from single study sites. Here, we evaluate the relative effects of bottom–up, top–down and weather processes on four vital rates and on population growth rates of a long-lived seabird, the snow petrel Pagodroma nivea, within three different breeding colonies. We used multistate capture–recapture modelling and perturbation analyses from a matrix population model based on a 36-year-long (1981–2017) individual monitoring dataset to quantify the different drivers (predation, climatic and weather covariates) of probabilities of survival, breeding, hatching and fledging according to colony, sex and breeding status of individuals. Results show that bottom–up forces and local weather affected breeding parameters, and that survival was driven by top–down regulation pressure and bottom–up processes. Breeding parameters differed between colonies and survival was sex-specific. Sensitivity analysis revealed that population regulation was mainly driven by bottom–up processes and that top–down processes played a minor role. However, there were major differences between colonies about the importance of how local weather processes affected population growth rate. Our study brings new insights into the drivers of demographic processes in a marine meso-predator, and how these drivers vary according to colonies and individual characteristics. We emphasize the importance of considering multiple study sites to make robust inferences on the effects of environmental drivers on wildlife demography. More generally, robust conclusions about the importance of environmental drivers on demography rely on considering multiple causal effects at multiple sites, while accounting for individual characteristics. |
| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
|
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1600-0706 |
ISBN |
1600-0706 |
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
8039 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
| Author |
Guillaume Schwob, Nicolás I. Segovia, Claudio González-Wevar, Léa Cabrol, Julieta Orlando, Elie Poulin |
| Title |
Exploring the Microdiversity Within Marine Bacterial Taxa: Toward an Integrated Biogeography in the Southern Ocean |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
1985 |
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
Most of the microbial biogeographic patterns in the oceans have been depicted at the whole community level, leaving out finer taxonomic resolution (i.e., microdiversity) that is crucial to conduct intra-population phylogeographic study, as commonly done for macroorganisms. Here, we present a new approach to unravel the bacterial phylogeographic patterns combining community-wide survey by 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding and intra-species resolution through the oligotyping method, allowing robust estimations of genetic and phylogeographic indices, and migration parameters. As a proof-of-concept, we focused on the bacterial genus Spirochaeta across three distant biogeographic provinces of the Southern Ocean; maritime Antarctica, sub-Antarctic Islands, and Patagonia. Each targeted Spirochaeta operational taxonomic units were characterized by a substantial intrapopulation microdiversity, and significant genetic differentiation and phylogeographic structure among the three provinces. Gene flow estimations among Spirochaeta populations support the role of the Antarctic Polar Front as a biogeographic barrier to bacterial dispersal between Antarctic and sub-Antarctic provinces. Conversely, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current appears as the main driver of gene flow, connecting sub-Antarctic Islands with Patagonia and maritime Antarctica. Additionally, historical processes (drift and dispersal limitation) govern up to 86% of the spatial turnover among Spirochaeta populations. Overall, our approach bridges the gap between microbial and macrobial ecology by revealing strong congruency with macroorganisms distribution patterns at the populational level, shaped by the same oceanographic structures and ecological processes. |
| Programme |
1044 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
|
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1664-302X |
ISBN |
1664-302X |
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
6457 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
| Author |
Elena Barbaro, Krystyna Koziol, Mats P. Björkman, Carmen P. Vega, Christian Zdanowicz, Tonu Martma, Jean-Charles Gallet, Daniel Kępski, Catherine Larose, Bartłomiej Luks, Florian Tolle, Thomas V. Schuler, Aleksander Uszczyk, Andrea Spolaor |
| Title |
Measurement report: Spatial variations in ionic chemistry and water-stable isotopes in the snowpack on glaciers across Svalbard during the 2015–2016 snow accumulation season |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
21 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
3163-3180 |
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
The Svalbard archipelago, located at the Arctic sea-ice edge between 74 and 81∘ N, is ∼60 % covered by glaciers. The region experiences rapid variations in atmospheric flow during the snow season (from late September to May) and can be affected by air advected from both lower and higher latitudes, which likely impact the chemical composition of snowfall. While long-term changes in Svalbard snow chemistry have been documented in ice cores drilled from two high-elevation glaciers, the spatial variability of the snowpack composition across Svalbard is comparatively poorly understood. Here, we report the results of the most comprehensive seasonal snow chemistry survey to date, carried out in April 2016 across 22 sites on seven glaciers across the archipelago. At each glacier, three snowpits were sampled along the altitudinal profiles and the collected samples were analysed for major ions (Ca2+, K+, Na+, Mg2+, NH4+, SO42-, Br−, Cl−, and NO3-) and stable water isotopes (δ18O, δ2H). The main aims were to investigate the natural and anthropogenic processes influencing the snowpack and to better understand the influence of atmospheric aerosol transport and deposition patterns on the snow chemical composition. The snow deposited in the southern region of Svalbard is characterized by the highest total ionic loads, mainly attributed to sea-salt particles. Both NO3- and NH4+ in the seasonal snowpack reflect secondary aerosol formation and post-depositional changes, resulting in very different spatial deposition patterns: NO3- has its highest loading in north-western Spitsbergen and NH4+ in the south-west. The Br− enrichment in snow is highest in north-eastern glacier sites closest to areas of extensive sea-ice coverage. Spatial correlation patterns between Na+ and δ18O suggest that the influence of long-range transport of aerosols on snow chemistry is proportionally greater above 600–700 m a.s.l. |
| Programme |
1192 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
|
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1680-7316 |
ISBN |
1680-7316 |
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
8608 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
| Author |
David Byrne, Jeff Polton, Colin Bell |
| Title |
Creation of a global tide analysis dataset: Application of NEMO and an offline objective analysis scheme |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Operational Oceanography |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
1-14 |
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
The accurate prediction of tides is vital for the operation of many industries, early warning of coastal flooding and scientific understanding of ocean processes. In this paper, we describe the creation method of a global dataset of tidal harmonics using NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean) for the first time and an offline objective analysis scheme. Data are assimilated as part of a post-processing step, reducing the computational resources required. A reduced ensemble of tidal harmonics is generated, where each member is run for a shorter period of time than a central background state. This ensemble is used to estimate a single background covariance state, which is used for analysis. Output is validated using an ensemble of objective analyses. For each ensemble member, random selections of observations are omitted and validation is performed at these locations. Improvements in both Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and correlation coefficients (R2) are seen across all 6 of the largest diurnal and semi-diurnal constituents. MAEs in amplitude and phase are reduced by up to 78% and 89%, respectively, and correlations by as much as 0.14. In addition, the majority of locations (between 70 and 80%) see significant improvement. |
| Programme |
688 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
|
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1755-876X |
ISBN |
1755-876X |
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
8338 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
| Author |
Jan Grimsrud Davidsen, Xavier Bordeleau, Sindre Håvarstein Eldøy, Frederick Whoriskey, Michael Power, Glenn T. Crossin, Colin Buhariwalla, Philippe Gaudin |
| Title |
Marine habitat use and feeding ecology of introduced anadromous brown trout at the colonization front of the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen archipelago |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
11917 |
| Keywords |
Animal migration Behavioural ecology Ecology Stable isotope analysis |
| Abstract |
In 1954, brown trout were introduced to the Kerguelen archipelago (49°S, 70°E), a pristine, sub-Antarctic environment previously devoid of native freshwater fishes. Trout began spreading rapidly via coastal waters to colonize adjacent watersheds, however, recent and unexpectedly the spread has slowed. To better understand the ecology of the brown trout here, and why their expansion has slowed, we documented the marine habitat use, foraging ecology, and environmental conditions experienced over one year by 50 acoustically tagged individuals at the colonization front. Trout mainly utilized the marine habitat proximate to their tagging site, ranging no further than 7 km and not entering any uncolonized watersheds. Nutritional indicators showed that trout were in good condition at the time of tagging. Stomach contents and isotope signatures in muscle of additional trout revealed a diet of amphipods (68%), fish (23%), isopods (6%), and zooplankton (6%). The small migration distances observed, presence of suitable habitat, and rich local foraging opportunities suggest that trout can achieve their resource needs close to their home rivers. This may explain why the expansion of brown trout at Kerguelen has slowed. |
| Programme |
1041 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
|
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
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| ISSN |
2045-2322 |
ISBN |
2045-2322 |
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
8180 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
| Author |
Rob Harcourt, Mark A. Hindell, Clive R. McMahon, Kimberly T. Goetz, Jean-Benoit Charrassin, Karine Heerah, Rachel Holser, Ian D. Jonsen, Michelle R. Shero, Xavier Hoenner, Rose Foster, Baukje Lenting, Esther Tarszisz, Matthew Harry Pinkerton |
| Title |
Regional Variation in Winter Foraging Strategies by Weddell Seals in Eastern Antarctica and the Ross Sea |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
|
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
The relative importance of intrinsic and extrinsic determinants of animal foraging is often difficult to quantify. The most southerly breeding mammal, the Weddell seal, remains in the Antarctic pack-ice year-round. We compared Weddell seals tagged at three geographically and hydrographically distinct locations in East Antarctica (Prydz Bay, Terre Adélie, and the Ross Sea) to quantify the role of individual variability and habitat structure in winter foraging behaviour. Most Weddell seals remained in relatively small areas close to the coast throughout the winter, but some dispersed widely. Individual utilisation distributions (UDi, a measure of the total area used by an individual seal) ranged from 125 to 20,825 km2. This variability was not due to size or sex but may be due to other intrinsic states for example reproductive condition or personality. The type of foraging (benthic vs. pelagic) varied from 56.6 ± 14.9% benthic dives in Prydz Bay through 42.1 ± 9.4% Terre Adélie to only 25.1 ± 8.7% in the Ross Sea reflecting regional hydrographic structure. The probability of benthic diving was less likely the deeper the ocean. Ocean topography was also influential at the population level; seals from Terre Adélie, with its relatively narrow continental shelf, had a core (50%) UD of only 200 km2, considerably smaller than the Ross Sea (1650 km2) and Prydz Bay (1700 km2). Sea ice concentration had little influence on the time the seals spent in shallow coastal waters, but in deeper offshore water they used areas of higher ice concentration. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Ross Sea encompass all the observed Weddell seal habitat, and future MPAs that include the Antarctic continental shelf are likely to effectively protect key Weddell seal habitat. |
| Programme |
1182 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
|
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
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| ISSN |
2296-7745 |
ISBN |
2296-7745 |
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
8609 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
| Author |
Karen D. McCoy |
| Title |
Community-Level Interactions and Disease Dynamics |
Type |
Book |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Infectious Disease Ecology of Wild Birds |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
|
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
An ecological community includes all individuals of all species that interact within a single patch or local area of habitat. Understanding the outcome of host–parasite interactions and predicting disease dynamics is particularly challenging at this biological scale because the different component species interact both directly and indirectly in complex ways. Current shifts in biodiversity due to global change, and its associated modifications to biological communities, will alter these interactions, including the probability of disease emergence, its dynamics over time, and its community-level consequences. Birds are integral component species of almost all natural communities. Due to their ubiquity and specific life history traits, they are defining actors in the ecology, evolution, and epidemiology of parasitic species. To better understand this role, this chapter examines the relative importance of birds and parasites in natural communities, revisiting basic notions in community ecology. The impact of changes in diversity for disease dynamics, including the debate surrounding dilution and amplification effects are specifically addressed. By considering the intrinsic complexities of natural communities, the importance of combining data from host and parasite communities to better understand how natural systems function over time and space is highlighted. The different elements in each section of the chapter are illustrated with brief, concrete examples from avian species, with a detailed example from marine bird communities in which Lyme disease bacteria circulate. |
| Programme |
333 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
|
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
978-0-19-874624-9 |
ISBN |
978-0-19-874624-9 |
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
8498 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
| Author |
Niels M. Schmidt, Olivier Gilg, Jon Aars, Rolf A. Ims |
| Title |
Fat, Furry, Flexible, and Functionally Important: Characteristics of Mammals Living in the Arctic |
Type |
Book |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Arctic Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
357-384 |
| Keywords |
arctic ecosystems Arctic mammals climate change deglaciation food webs homeotherms low mammal species diversity primary production |
| Abstract |
Mammals constitute a group of vertebrates that share a number of unique characteristics,such as nursing their young with milk, and having hair. The pattern of low mammal species diversity in the Arctic probably reflects a combination of mainly two driving factors: first, being homeotherms, mammals require a substantial amount of energy to sustain the various life processes, and the arctic regions are characterized by a very low availability of energy due to short seasons for primary production. Secondly, the occurrence of arctic mammals today reflects the reinvasion of the mammal species into the Arctic as the ecosystems were re-established following the deglaciation. This chapter discusses the characteristics of the arctic mammals, including their unique adaptations to life, and their role as both consumer and food base in the arctic ecosystems. Climate change in the Arctic may also alter the interactions within food webs. |
| Programme |
1036 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
|
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
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| ISSN |
|
ISBN |
978-1-118-84658-2 |
Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
8489 |
| Permanent link to this record |
