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Title |
Emperors in Hiding: When Ice-Breakers and Satellites Complement Each Other in Antarctic Exploration |
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Journal |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
e100404 |
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Keywords |
Animal sexual behavior Animal sociality Antarctica Birds Census Glaciers Penguins Tongue |
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Abstract |
Evaluating the demographic trends of marine top predators is critical to understanding the processes involved in the ongoing rapid changes in Antarctic ecosystems. However, the remoteness and logistical complexity of operating in Antarctica, especially during winter, make such an assessment difficult. Satellite imaging is increasingly recognised as a valuable method for remote animal population monitoring, yet its accuracy and reliability are still to be fully evaluated. We report here the first ground visit of an emperor penguin colony first discovered by satellite, but also the discovery of a second one not indicated by satellite survey at that time. Several successive remote surveys in this coastal region of East Antarctica, both before and after sudden local changes, had indeed only identified one colony. These two colonies (with a total of ca. 7,400 breeding pairs) are located near the Mertz Glacier in an area that underwent tremendous habitat change after the glacier tongue broke off in February 2010. Our findings therefore suggest that a satellite survey, although offering a major advance since it allows a global imaging of emperor penguin colonies, may miss certain colony locations when challenged by certain features of polar ecosystems, such as snow cover, evolving ice topology, and rapidly changing habitat. Moreover our survey shows that this large seabird has considerable potential for rapid adaptation to sudden habitat loss, as the colony detected in 2009 may have moved and settled on new breeding grounds. Overall, the ability of emperor penguin colonies to relocate following habitat modification underlines the continued need for a mix of remote sensing and field surveys (aerial photography and ground counts), especially in the less-frequented parts of Antarctica, to gain reliable knowledge about the population demography and dynamics of this flagship species of the Antarctic ecosystem. |
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137 |
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1932-6203 |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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6689 |
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Title |
Inter-Annual Variability of Fledgling Sex Ratio in King Penguins |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
e114052 |
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Keywords |
Animal sexual behavior Animal sociality Birds Foraging Ocean temperature Penguins Seasons Sex ratio |
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137 |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6693 |
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Title |
Spatial Heterogeneity as a Genetic Mixing Mechanism in Highly Philopatric Colonial Seabirds |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
e0117981 |
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Keywords |
Animal sexual behavior Animal sociality Birds Inbreeding Penguins Population genetics Seabirds Spatial autocorrelation |
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Abstract |
How genetic diversity is maintained in philopatric colonial systems remains unclear, and understanding the dynamic balance of philopatry and dispersal at all spatial scales is essential to the study of the evolution of coloniality. In the King penguin, Aptenodytes patagonicus, return rates of post-fledging chicks to their natal sub-colony are remarkably high. Empirical studies have shown that adults return year after year to their previous breeding territories within a radius of a few meters. Yet, little reliable data are available on intra- and inter-colonial dispersal in this species. Here, we present the first fine-scale study of the genetic structure in a king penguin colony in the Crozet Archipelago. Samples were collected from individual chicks and analysed at 8 microsatellite loci. Precise geolocation data of hatching sites and selective pressures associated with habitat features were recorded for all sampling locations. We found that despite strong natal and breeding site fidelity, king penguins retain a high degree of panmixia and genetic diversity. Yet, genetic structure appears markedly heterogeneous across the colony, with higher-than-expected inbreeding levels, and local inbreeding and relatedness hotspots that overlap predicted higher-quality nesting locations. This points towards heterogeneous population structure at the sub-colony level, in which fine-scale environmental features drive local philopatric behaviour, while lower-quality patches may act as genetic mixing mechanisms at the colony level. These findings show how a lack of global genetic structuring can emerge from small-scale heterogeneity in ecological parameters, as opposed to the classical model of homogeneous dispersal. Our results also emphasize the importance of sampling design for estimation of population parameters in colonial seabirds, as at high spatial resolution, basic genetic features are shown to be location-dependent. Finally, this study stresses the importance of understanding intra-colonial dispersal and genetic mixing mechanisms in order to better estimate species-wide gene flows and population dynamics. |
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137 |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
ISBN |
1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6695 |
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Title |
Where to Forage in the Absence of Sea Ice? Bathymetry As a Key Factor for an Arctic Seabird |
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Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
e0157764 |
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Keywords |
Birds Copepods Foraging Oceans Predation Sea ice Seabirds Zooplankton |
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Abstract |
The earth is warming at an alarming rate, especially in the Arctic, where a marked decline in sea ice cover may have far-ranging consequences for endemic species. Little auks, endemic Arctic seabirds, are key bioindicators as they forage in the marginal ice zone and feed preferentially on lipid-rich Arctic copepods and ice-associated amphipods sensitive to the consequences of global warming. We tested how little auks cope with an ice-free foraging environment during the breeding season. To this end, we took advantage of natural variation in sea ice concentration along the east coast of Greenland. We compared foraging and diving behaviour, chick diet and growth and adult body condition between two years, in the presence versus nearby absence of sea ice in the vicinity of their breeding site. Moreover, we sampled zooplankton at sea when sea ice was absent to evaluate prey location and little auk dietary preferences. Little auks foraged in the same areas both years, irrespective of sea ice presence/concentration, and targeted the shelf break and the continental shelf. We confirmed that breeding little auks showed a clear preference for larger copepod species to feed their chick, but caught smaller copepods and nearly no ice-associated amphipod when sea ice was absent. Nevertheless, these dietary changes had no impact on chick growth and adult body condition. Our findings demonstrate the importance of bathymetry for profitable little auk foraging, whatever the sea-ice conditions. Our investigations, along with recent studies, also confirm more flexibility than previously predicted for this key species in a warming Arctic. |
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388 |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
ISBN |
1932-6203 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6919 |
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Title |
Young parents produce offspring with short telomeres: A study in a long-lived bird, the Black-browed Albatross (Thalassarche melanophrys) |
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Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e0193526 |
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Keywords |
Animal sexual behavior Birds Feathers Foraging Physiological parameters Telomeres Vertebrates Wildlife |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
109 |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
ISBN |
1932-6203 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7118 |
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Title |
Avian cholera outbreaks threaten seabird species on Amsterdam Island |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e0197291 |
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Keywords |
Birds Bone marrow Cholera Islands Pasteurella multocida Penguins Seabirds Sequence databases |
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Abstract |
Infectious diseases may be particularly critical for the conservation of endangered species. A striking example is the recurrent outbreaks that have been occurring in seabirds on Amsterdam Island for the past 30 years, threatening populations of three Endangered seabird species and of the endemic, Critically Endangered Amsterdam albatross Diomedea amsterdamensis. The bacteria Pasteurella multocida (avian cholera causative agent), and to a lesser extent Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (erysipelas causative agent), were both suspected to be responsible for these epidemics. Despite this critical situation, demographic trends were not available for these threatened populations, and the occurrence and characterization of potential causative agents of epizootics remain poorly known. The aims of the current study were to (i) provide an update of population trends for four threatened seabird species monitored on Amsterdam Island, (ii) assess the occurrence of P. multocida, and E. rhusiopathiae in live birds from five species, (iii) search for other infectious agents in these samples and, (iv) isolate and genotype the causative agent(s) of epizooties from dead birds. Our study shows that the demographic situation has worsened substantially in three seabird species during the past decade, with extremely low reproductive success and declining populations for Indian yellow-nosed albatrosses Thalassarche carteri, sooty albatrosses Phoebetria fusca, and northern rockhopper penguins Eudyptes moseleyi. Pasteurella multocida or E. rhusiopathiae were detected by PCR in live birds of all five investigated species, while results were negative for eight additional infectious agents. A single strain of P. multocida was repeatedly cultured from dead birds, while no E. rhusiopathiae could be isolated. These results highlight the significance of P. multocida in this particular eco-epidemiological system as the main agent responsible for epizootics. The study stresses the urgent need to implement mitigation measures to alter the course of avian cholera outbreaks threatening the persistence of seabird populations on Amsterdam Island. |
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109,1151 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
ISBN |
1932-6203 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7120 |
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Author |
Tiphaine Jeanniard-du-Dot, Andrew W. Trites, John P. Y. Arnould, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
Reproductive success is energetically linked to foraging efficiency in Antarctic fur seals |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
e0174001 |
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Keywords |
Accelerometers Antarctica Bioenergetics Foraging Predation Reproductive success Seals Trophic interactions |
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Abstract |
The efficiency with which individuals extract energy from their environment defines their survival and reproductive success, and thus their selective contribution to the population. Individuals that forage more efficiently (i.e., when energy gained exceeds energy expended) are likely to be more successful at raising viable offspring than individuals that forage less efficiently. Our goal was to test this prediction in large long-lived mammals under free-ranging conditions. To do so, we equipped 20 lactating Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) breeding on Kerguelen Island in the Southern Ocean with tags that recorded GPS locations, depth and tri-axial acceleration to determine at-sea behaviours and detailed time-activity budgets during their foraging trips. We also simultaneously measured energy spent at sea using the doubly-labeled water (DLW) method, and estimated the energy acquired while foraging from 1) type and energy content of prey species present in scat remains, and 2) numbers of prey capture attempts determined from head acceleration. Finally, we followed the growth of 36 pups from birth until weaning (of which 20 were the offspring of our 20 tracked mothers), and used the relative differences in body mass of pups at weaning as an index of first year survival and thus the reproductive success of their mothers. Our results show that females with greater foraging efficiencies produced relatively bigger pups at weaning. These mothers achieved greater foraging efficiency by extracting more energy per minute of diving rather than by reducing energy expenditure. This strategy also resulted in the females spending less time diving and less time overall at sea, which allowed them to deliver higher quality milk to their pups, or allowed their pups to suckle more frequently, or both. The linkage we demonstrate between reproductive success and the quality of individuals as foragers provides an individual-based quantitative framework to investigate how changes in the availability and accessibility of prey can affect fitness of animals. |
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Programme |
109 |
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1932-6203 |
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1932-6203 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
7161 |
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Title |
Breeding success of a marine central place forager in the context of climate change: A modeling approach |
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Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e0173797 |
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Keywords |
Animal sexual behavior Bioenergetics Climate change Death rates Foraging Islands Predation Seals |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
109 |
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1932-6203 |
ISBN |
1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7170 |
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Author |
Johannes H. Fischer, Igor Debski, Colin M. Miskelly, Charles A. Bost, Aymeric Fromant, Alan J. D. Tennyson, Jake Tessler, Rosalind Cole, Johanna H. Hiscock, Graeme A. Taylor, Heiko U. Wittmer |
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Title |
Analyses of phenotypic differentiations among South Georgian Diving Petrel (Pelecanoides georgicus) populations reveal an undescribed and highly endangered species from New Zealand |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
e0197766 |
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Keywords |
Biometrics Birds Ears Islands New Zealand Principal component analysis Species delimitation Taxonomy |
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394 |
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1932-6203 |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7192 |
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Title |
Diatom-Specific Highly Branched Isoprenoids as Biomarkers in Antarctic Consumers |
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Journal |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
e56504 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica Biomarkers Islands Penguins Petrels Sea ice Seabirds Stomach |
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Abstract |
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131 |
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1932-6203 |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7215 |
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