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Title |
Ethnoarchaeology of Fuel Use in Northern Forests: Towards a Better Characterization of Prehistoric Fire-Related Activities |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Ethnoarchaeology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
99-120 |
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Keywords |
Ethnoarchaeology ethnobotany fuel use North America Siberia |
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Abstract |
Prehistoric fuel management and hearth functions are key research issues that have benefitted from the development of experimental and ethnoarchaeogical approaches aimed at providing interpretative models for archaeological fire and fuel studies.In this paper, we present a selection of ethnographic, ethnoarchaeological and ethnohistorical data mostly collected among Evenks and Athabascans of East Siberia and North America. Our aim is to question and discuss the relationship between fuel and hearth functions from an ethnoarchaeobotanical perspective: what are the criteria for selecting plant fuels? How archaeologically visible can these diverse fuel types be and what do they tell us about past fire-related activities?Our data shows that the contents of combustion structures result from multiple people-environment interactions at different levels, few of which are accessible to the archaeologist. Nevertheless, ethnoarchaeology, by fostering a reflection on taphonomy issues in the broad sense, actively contributes to methodological developments leading to a better understanding of complex technical fire-related processes. |
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1140 |
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1944-2890 |
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1944-2890 |
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yes |
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7239 |
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Title |
Modeling the Dynamics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over the Antarctic Plateau With a General Circulation Model |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
98-125 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic Plateau boundary-layer general circulation model LMDZ stable boundary-layer regimes |
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Abstract |
Abstract Observations evidence extremely stable boundary layers (SBL) over the Antarctic Plateau and sharp regime transitions between weakly and very stable conditions. Representing such features is a challenge for climate models. This study assesses the modeling of the dynamics of the boundary layer over the Antarctic Plateau in the LMDZ general circulation model. It uses 1 year simulations with a stretched-grid over Dome C. The model is nudged with reanalyses outside of the Dome C region such as simulations can be directly compared to in situ observations. We underline the critical role of the downward longwave radiation for modeling the surface temperature. LMDZ reasonably represents the near-surface seasonal profiles of wind and temperature but strong temperature inversions are degraded by enhanced turbulent mixing formulations. Unlike ERA-Interim reanalyses, LMDZ reproduces two SBL regimes and the regime transition, with a sudden increase in the near-surface inversion with decreasing wind speed. The sharpness of the transition depends on the stability function used for calculating the surface drag coefficient. Moreover, using a refined vertical grid leads to a better reversed ?S-shaped? relationship between the inversion and the wind. Sudden warming events associated to synoptic advections of warm and moist air are also well reproduced. Near-surface supersaturation with respect to ice is not allowed in LMDZ but the impact on the SBL structure is moderate. Finally, climate simulations with the free model show that the recommended configuration leads to stronger inversions and winds over the ice-sheet. However, the near-surface wind remains underestimated over the slopes of East-Antarctica. |
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1013 |
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1942-2466 |
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1942-2466 |
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yes |
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7195 |
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Title |
Major Issues in Simulating Some Arctic Snowpack Properties Using Current Detailed Snow Physics Models: Consequences for the Thermal Regime and Water Budget of Permafrost |
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2019 |
Publication |
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems |
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11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
34-44 |
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Keywords |
Arctic model permafrost snow temperature water vapor |
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1042 |
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1942-2466 |
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1942-2466 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7492 |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
98 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
940-951 |
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Keywords |
Anna Karenina Principle Antarctica asynchrony Bayesian hierarchical model climate change phenology Pygoscelis adeliae quantile regression |
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109 |
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ISSN |
1939-9170 |
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1939-9170 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7185 |
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Title |
A keystone avian predator faces elevated energy expenditure in a warming Arctic |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
104 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e4034 |
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Keywords |
activity budgets climate change daily energy expenditure dovekie ecotoxicology mercury plasticity sea surface temperature |
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388 |
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ISSN |
1939-9170 |
ISBN |
1939-9170 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8617 |
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Title |
Combined bio-logging and stable isotopes reveal individual specialisations in a benthic coastal seabird, the Kerguelen shag |
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Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Plos one |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e0172278 |
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Keywords |
Birds Animal sexual behavior Blood Diet Ecological niches Feathers Foraging Predation |
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Abstract |
Individual specialisations, which involve the repetition of specific behaviours or dietary choices over time, have been suggested to benefit animals by avoiding competition with conspecifics and increasing individual foraging efficiency. Among seabirds, resident and benthic species are thought to be good models to study inter-individual variation as they repetitively exploit the same environment. We investigated foraging behaviour, isotopic niche and diet in the Kerguelen shag Phalacrocorax verrucosus during both the incubation and chick-rearing periods for the same individuals to determine the effect of sex, breeding stage, body mass and morphometrics on mean foraging metrics and their consistency. There were large differences between individuals in foraging behaviour and consistency, with strong individual specialisations in dive depths and heading from the colony. Stable isotopes revealed specialisations in feeding strategies, across multiple temporal scales. Specifically, individuals showed medium term specialisations in feeding strategies during the breeding season, as well as long-term consistency. A clustering analysis revealed 4 different foraging strategies displaying significantly different ?15N values and body masses. There were no sex or stage biases to clusters and individuals in different clusters did not differ in their morphology. Importantly, the results suggest that the different strategies emphasized were related to individual prey preferences rather than intrinsic characteristics. |
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394 |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
ISBN |
1932-6203 |
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yes |
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6585 |
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Title |
How Elephant Seals (Mirounga leonina) Adjust Their Fine Scale Horizontal Movement and Diving Behaviour in Relation to Prey Encounter Rate |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Plos one |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
e0167226 |
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Keywords |
Foraging Predation Acceleration Animal behavior Predator-prey dynamics Seals Swimming Water columns |
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Abstract |
Understanding the diving behaviour of diving predators in relation to concomitant prey distribution could have major practical applications in conservation biology by allowing the assessment of how changes in fine scale prey distribution impact foraging efficiency and ultimately population dynamics. The southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina, hereafter SES), the largest phocid, is a major predator of the southern ocean feeding on myctophids and cephalopods. Because of its large size it can carry bio-loggers with minimal disturbance. Moreover, it has great diving abilities and a wide foraging habitat. Thus, the SES is a well suited model species to study predator diving behaviour and the distribution of ecologically important prey species in the Southern Ocean. In this study, we examined how SESs adjust their diving behaviour and horizontal movements in response to fine scale prey encounter densities using high resolution accelerometers, magnetometers, pressure sensors and GPS loggers. When high prey encounter rates were encountered, animals responded by (1) diving and returning to the surface with steeper angles, reducing the duration of transit dive phases (thus improving dive efficiency), and (2) exhibiting more horizontally and vertically sinuous bottom phases. In these cases, the distance travelled horizontally at the surface was reduced. This behaviour is likely to counteract horizontal displacement from water currents, as they try to remain within favourable prey patches. The prey encounter rate at the bottom of dives decreased with increasing diving depth, suggesting a combined effect of decreased accessibility and prey density with increasing depth. Prey encounter rate also decreased when the bottom phases of dives were spread across larger vertical extents of the water column. This result suggests that the vertical aggregation of prey can regulate prey density, and as a consequence impact the foraging success of SESs. To our knowledge, this is one of only a handful of studies showing how the vertical distributions and structure of prey fields influence the prey encounter rates of a diving predator. |
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109 |
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1932-6203 |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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6607 |
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Title |
Southern Elephant Seals Replenish Their Lipid Reserves at Different Rates According to Foraging Habitat |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
e0166747 |
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Keywords |
Accelerometers Bioenergetics Foraging Lipids Musculoskeletal system Oceanography Predation Swimming |
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Abstract |
Assessing energy gain and expenditure in free ranging marine predators is difficult. However, such measurements are critical if we are to understand how variation in foraging efficiency, and in turn individual body condition, is impacted by environmentally driven changes in prey abundance and/or accessibility. To investigate the influence of oceanographic habitat type on foraging efficiency, ten post-breeding female southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina (SES) were equipped and tracked with bio-loggers to give continuous information of prey catch attempts, body density and body activity. Variations in these indices of foraging efficiency were then compared between three different oceanographic habitats, delineated by the main frontal structures of the Southern Ocean. Results show that changes in body density are related not only to the number of previous prey catch attempts and to the body activity (at a 6 day lag), but also foraging habitat type. For example, despite a lower daily prey catch attempt rate, SESs foraging north of the sub-Antarctic front improve their body density at a higher rate than individuals foraging south of the sub-Antarctic and polar fronts, suggesting that they may forage on easier to catch and/or more energetically rich prey in this area. Our study highlights a need to understand the influence of habitat type on top predator foraging behaviour and efficiency when attempting a better comprehension of marine ecosystems. |
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109 |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6626 |
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Author |
Tiphaine Jeanniard-du-Dot, Andrew W. Trites, John P. Y. Arnould, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
Reproductive success is energetically linked to foraging efficiency in Antarctic fur seals |
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Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
e0174001 |
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Keywords |
Accelerometers Antarctica Bioenergetics Foraging Predation Reproductive success Seals Trophic interactions |
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Abstract |
The efficiency with which individuals extract energy from their environment defines their survival and reproductive success, and thus their selective contribution to the population. Individuals that forage more efficiently (i.e., when energy gained exceeds energy expended) are likely to be more successful at raising viable offspring than individuals that forage less efficiently. Our goal was to test this prediction in large long-lived mammals under free-ranging conditions. To do so, we equipped 20 lactating Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) breeding on Kerguelen Island in the Southern Ocean with tags that recorded GPS locations, depth and tri-axial acceleration to determine at-sea behaviours and detailed time-activity budgets during their foraging trips. We also simultaneously measured energy spent at sea using the doubly-labeled water (DLW) method, and estimated the energy acquired while foraging from 1) type and energy content of prey species present in scat remains, and 2) numbers of prey capture attempts determined from head acceleration. Finally, we followed the growth of 36 pups from birth until weaning (of which 20 were the offspring of our 20 tracked mothers), and used the relative differences in body mass of pups at weaning as an index of first year survival and thus the reproductive success of their mothers. Our results show that females with greater foraging efficiencies produced relatively bigger pups at weaning. These mothers achieved greater foraging efficiency by extracting more energy per minute of diving rather than by reducing energy expenditure. This strategy also resulted in the females spending less time diving and less time overall at sea, which allowed them to deliver higher quality milk to their pups, or allowed their pups to suckle more frequently, or both. The linkage we demonstrate between reproductive success and the quality of individuals as foragers provides an individual-based quantitative framework to investigate how changes in the availability and accessibility of prey can affect fitness of animals. |
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109 |
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1932-6203 |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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6640 |
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Title |
Breeding success of a marine central place forager in the context of climate change: A modeling approach |
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2017 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e0173797 |
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Keywords |
Climate change Animal sexual behavior Foraging Predation Seals Bioenergetics Death rates Islands |
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109 |
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1932-6203 |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6645 |
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