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Author Yves Cherel doi  openurl
  Title ?Mastigoteuthis B Clarke, 1980, is a junior synonym of Asperoteuthis acanthoderma (Lu, 1977) (Cephalopoda, Oegopsida, Chiroteuthidae), a rare cosmopolitan deep-sea squid Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Marine Biodiversity Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 14  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The present work resolved the long-standing taxonomic problem associated with the enigmatic ?Mastigoteuthis B Clarke, 1980, by demonstrating that these lower beaks correspond to those of the large deep-sea chiroteuthid Asperoteuthis acanthoderma (Lu, 1977). A review of the existing literature listed 22 specimens of A. acanthoderma, but synonymizing ?Mastigoteuthis B with A. acanthoderma increased 14 times the species record worldwide. Pooling the data from both specimens and beaks (a total of 329 individuals) indicates that the species has a circumglobal distribution, since it occurs in tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. The synonymization also highlights trophic relationships of the species as a prey of top marine predators. Lower beaks of A. acanthoderma were mostly found in stomachs of sperm whales, but a few beaks were also recorded from stomach contents of sharks, swordfish and the wandering albatross.  
  Programme 109  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1867-1624 ISBN (down) Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8208  
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Author A. Corbeau, J. Collet, F. Orgeret, P. Pistorius, H. Weimerskirch doi  openurl
  Title Fine-scale interactions between boats and large albatrosses indicate variable susceptibility to bycatch risk according to species and populations Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Animal Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 689-699  
  Keywords albatross populations biologging bycatch assessment bycatch risk ecological trap fisheries fishing boat bycatch seabirds  
  Abstract Many seabirds are attracted to fishing boats where they exploit foraging opportunities, often involving bycatch-related mortality. Bycatch risk is generally estimated by overlapping seabirds foraging ranges with coarse-scale monthly maps of fishing efforts, but a more direct estimation would be the time birds actually spend attending fishing boats. Here we matched data from Automatic Identification Systems from all declared boats in the Southern Ocean, with 143 simultaneous foraging trips from all populations of large albatrosses (Diomedea amsterdamensis and Diomedea exulans) breeding in the Indian Ocean (Marion, Crozet, Kerguelen, Amsterdam islands). We quantified and compared real-time co-occurrence between boats and albatrosses, at different scales (100, 30 and 5 km). We also examined to what extent co-occurrence at a large-scale (5Ă—5° grid cell) predicted fine-scale attendance (5 km). Albatrosses on average spent about 3 h per trip attending fishing boats (<5 km) at both Amsterdam and Marion and about 30 h per trip at Kerguelen. In all populations, >90% of declared fishing boat attendances occurred within Economic Exclusive Zones (EEZ) where bycatch mitigation measures are enforced. Outside EEZs, birds from all populations to a large extent also attended non-fishing boats. Fishing boat density at a large scale (5 Ă— 5°, 100 km) was a poor predictor of time spent attending fishing boats (<5 km) across populations. Our results indicate a large variation in fishing boat densities within the foraging ranges of different populations and in the time birds spent attending boats. We discuss the pros and cons of considering bycatch risk at a large geographical scale and methods that can be implemented to improve the estimation of seabird vulnerability to fishing activities when fine-scale data are available, particularly for the conservation of those highly threatened species.  
  Programme 109  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1469-1795 ISBN (down) Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8209  
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Author Maud QuĂ©rouĂ©, Christophe Barbraud, FrĂ©dĂ©ric Barraquand, Daniel Turek, Karine Delord, Nathan Pacoureau, Olivier Gimenez file  doi
openurl 
  Title Multispecies integrated population model reveals bottom-up dynamics in a seabird predator–prey system Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Ecological Monographs Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 91 Issue 3 Pages e01459  
  Keywords Bayesian inference demography environmental variation integrated population model matrix population model Nimble predator–prey interactions  
  Abstract Assessing the effects of climate and interspecific relationships on communities is challenging because of the complex interplay between species population dynamics, their interactions, and the need to integrate information across several biological levels (individuals, populations, communities). Usually used to quantify single-species demography, integrated population models (IPMs) have recently been extended to communities. These models allow fitting multispecies matrix models to data from multiple sources while simultaneously accounting for uncertainty in each data source. We used multispecies IPMs accommodating climatic variables to quantify the relative contribution of climate vs. interspecific interactions on demographic parameters, such as survival and breeding success, in the dynamics of a predator–prey system. We considered a stage-structured predator–prey system combining 22 yr of capture–recapture data and population counts of two seabirds, the Brown Skua (Catharacta lönnbergi) and its main prey the Blue Petrel (Halobaena caerulea), both breeding on the Kerguelen Islands in the Southern Ocean. Our results showed that climate and predator–prey interactions drive the demography of skuas and petrels in different ways. The breeding success of skuas appeared to be largely driven by the number of petrels and to a lesser extent by intraspecific density dependence. In contrast, there was no evidence of predation effects on the demographic parameters of petrels, which were affected by oceanographic factors. We conclude that bottom-up mechanisms are the main drivers of this skua–petrel system.  
  Programme 109  
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  Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1557-7015 ISBN (down) Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8210  
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Author N. Ribeiro, L. Herraiz-Borreguero, S. R. Rintoul, C. R. McMahon, M. Hindell, R. Harcourt, G. Williams doi  openurl
  Title Warm Modified Circumpolar Deep Water Intrusions Drive Ice Shelf Melt and Inhibit Dense Shelf Water Formation in Vincennes Bay, East Antarctica Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 126 Issue 8 Pages e2020JC016998  
  Keywords AABW Antarctic Coastal Circulation Antarctic Margins basal melt mCDW intrusions seal CTD  
  Abstract Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) production supplies the deep limb of the global overturning circulation and ventilates the deep ocean. While the Weddell and Ross Seas are recognized as key sites for AABW production, additional sources have been discovered in coastal polynya regions around East Antarctica, most recently at Vincennes Bay. Vincennes Bay, despite encompassing two distinct polynya regions, is considered the weakest source, producing Dense Shelf Water (DSW) only just dense enough to contribute to the lighter density classes of AABW found offshore. Here we provide the first detailed oceanographic observations of the continental shelf in Vincennes Bay (104-111°E), using CTD data from instrumented elephant seals spanning from February to November of 2012. We find that Vincennes Bay has East Antarctica’s warmest recorded intrusions of modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW) and that warm mCDW drives basal melt under Vanderford and Underwood ice shelves. Our study also provides the first direct observational evidence for the inflow of meltwater to this region, which increases stratification and hinders DSW formation, and thus AABW production. The Vincennes Bay glaciers, together with the Totten Glacier, drain part of the Aurora Basin, which holds up to 7 m of sea level rise equivalent. Our results highlight the vulnerability of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet to intrusions of mCDW.  
  Programme 109  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2169-9291 ISBN (down) Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8211  
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Author Jilda Alicia Caccavo, Thierry Raclot, TimothĂ©e Poupart, Yan Ropert-Coudert, FrĂ©dĂ©ric Angelier doi  openurl
  Title Anthropogenic activities are associated with shorter telomeres in chicks of AdĂ©lie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Polar Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 44 Issue 7 Pages 1391-1399  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Defining the impact of anthropogenic stressors on Antarctic wildlife is an active aim for investigators. Telomeres represent a promising molecular tool to investigate the fitness of wild populations, as their length may predict longevity and survival. We examined the relationship between telomere length and human exposure in AdĂ©lie penguin chicks (Pygoscelis adeliae) from East Antarctica. Telomere length was compared between chicks from areas with sustained human activity and on neighboring protected islands with little or no human presence. AdĂ©lie penguin chicks from sites exposed to human activity had significantly shorter telomeres than chicks from unexposed sites in nearby protected areas, with exposed chicks having on average 3.5% shorter telomeres than unexposed chicks. While sampling limitations preclude our ability to draw more sweeping conclusions at this time, our analysis nonetheless provides important insights into measures of colony vulnerability. More data are needed both to understand the proximate causes (e.g., stress, feeding events) leading to shorter telomeres in chicks from human exposed areas, as well as the fitness consequences of reduced telomere length. We suggest to further test the use of telomere length analysis as an eco-indicator of stress in wildlife among anthropized sites throughout Antarctica.  
  Programme 1091  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1432-2056 ISBN (down) Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8224  
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Author O. Alemany, P. Talalay, P. Boissonneau, J. Chappellaz, J. F. Chemin, R. Duphil, E. Lefebvre, L. Piard, P. Possenti, J. Triest doi  openurl
  Title The SUBGLACIOR drilling probe: hydraulic considerations Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Annals of Glaciology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 62 Issue 84 Pages 131-142  
  Keywords Glaciological instruments and methods ice coring ice engineering paleoclimate  
  Abstract Using significant technological breakthroughs and unconventional approaches, the goal of the in situ probing of glacier ice for a better understanding of the orbital response of climate (SUBGLACIOR) project is to advance ice core research by inventing, constructing and testing an in situ probe to evaluate if a target site is suitable for recovering ice as old as 1.5 million years. Embedding a laser spectrometer, the probe is intended to make its own way down into the ice and to measure, in real time and down to the bedrock, the depth profiles of the ice δD water isotopes as well as the trapped CH4 gas concentration and dust concentration. The probe descent is achieved through electromechanical drilling combined with continuous meltwater sample production using a central melting finger in the drill head. A key aspect of the project lies in the design and implementation of an efficient method to continuously transfer to the surface the ice chips being produced by the drill head and from the refreezed water expulsed downstream from the melting finger, into the borehole. This paper presents a detailed calculation and analysis of the flow rates and pressure conditions required to overcome friction losses of the drilling fluid and to effectively transport ice chips to the surface.  
  Programme 119  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0260-3055, 1727-5644 ISBN (down) Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8234  
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Author Chiara Papetti, Massimiliano Babbucci, Agnes Dettai, Andrea Basso, Magnus Lucassen, Lars Harms, Celine Bonillo, Franz Maximilian Heindler, Tomaso Patarnello, Enrico Negrisolo doi  openurl
  Title Not Frozen in the Ice: Large and Dynamic Rearrangements in the Mitochondrial Genomes of the Antarctic Fish Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Genome Biology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 13 Issue 3 Pages evab017  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The vertebrate mitochondrial genomes generally present a typical gene order. Exceptions are uncommon and important to study the genetic mechanisms of gene order rearrangements and their consequences on phylogenetic output and mitochondrial function. Antarctic notothenioid fish carry some peculiar rearrangements of the mitochondrial gene order. In this first systematic study of 28 species, we analyzed known and undescribed mitochondrial genome rearrangements for a total of eight different gene orders within the notothenioid fish. Our reconstructions suggest that transpositions, duplications, and inversion of multiple genes are the most likely mechanisms of rearrangement in notothenioid mitochondrial genomes. In Trematominae, we documented an extremely rare inversion of a large genomic segment of 5,300 bp that partially affected the gene compositional bias but not the phylogenetic output. The genomic region delimited by nad5 and trnF, close to the area of the Control Region, was identified as the hot spot of variation in Antarctic fish mitochondrial genomes. Analyzing the sequence of several intergenic spacers and mapping the arrangements on a newly generated phylogeny showed that the entire history of the Antarctic notothenioids is characterized by multiple, relatively rapid, events of disruption of the gene order. We hypothesized that a pre-existing genomic flexibility of the ancestor of the Antarctic notothenioids may have generated a precondition for gene order rearrangement, and the pressure of purifying selection could have worked for a rapid restoration of the mitochondrial functionality and compactness after each event of rearrangement.  
  Programme 1124  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1759-6653 ISBN (down) Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8235  
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Author Karine Sellegri, Alessia Nicosia, Evelyn Freney, Julia Uitz, Melilotus Thyssen, GĂ©rald GrĂ©gori, Anja Engel, Birthe Zäncker, Nils HaĂ«ntjens, SĂ©bastien Mas, David Picard, Alexia Saint-Macary, Maija Peltola, ClĂ©mence Rose, Jonathan Trueblood, Dominique Lefevre, Barbara D’Anna, Karine Desboeufs, Nicholas Meskhidze, CĂ©cile Guieu, Cliff S. Law doi  openurl
  Title Surface ocean microbiota determine cloud precursors Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Scientific Reports Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 281  
  Keywords Atmospheric science Marine biology  
  Abstract One pathway by which the oceans influence climate is via the emission of sea spray that may subsequently influence cloud properties. Sea spray emissions are known to be dependent on atmospheric and oceanic physicochemical parameters, but the potential role of ocean biology on sea spray fluxes remains poorly characterized. Here we show a consistent significant relationship between seawater nanophytoplankton cell abundances and sea-spray derived Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) number fluxes, generated using water from three different oceanic regions. This sensitivity of CCN number fluxes to ocean biology is currently unaccounted for in climate models yet our measurements indicate that it influences fluxes by more than one order of magnitude over the range of phytoplankton investigated.  
  Programme 1187  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2045-2322 ISBN (down) Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7264  
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Author Candice Michelot, Akiko Kato, Thierry Raclot, Yan Ropert-Coudert doi  openurl
  Title AdĂ©lie penguins foraging consistency and site fidelity are conditioned by breeding status and environmental conditions Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication PLOS ONE Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages e0244298  
  Keywords Animal behavior Animal sexual behavior Animal sociality Birds Foraging Nesting habits Penguins Reproductive success  
  Abstract There is a growing interest in studying consistency and site fidelity of individuals to assess, respectively, how individual behaviour shapes the population response to environmental changes, and to highlight the critical habitats needed by species. In Antarctica, the foraging activity of central place foragers like AdĂ©lie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) is constrained by the sea-ice cover during the breeding season. We estimated the population-level repeatability in foraging trip parameters and sea-ice conditions encountered by birds across successive trips over several years, and we examined their foraging site fidelity linked to sea-ice concentrations throughout the chick-rearing season. Penguins’ foraging activity was repeatable despite varying annual sea-ice conditions. Birds’ site fidelity is constrained by both sea-ice conditions around the colony that limit movements and resources availability, and also behavioural repeatability of individuals driven by phenological constraints. AdĂ©lie penguins favoured sea-ice concentrations between 20–30%, as these facilitate access to open water while opening multiple patches for exploration in restricted areas in case of prey depletion. When the sea-ice concentration became greater than 30%, foraging site fidelity decreased and showed higher variability, while it increased again after 60%. Between two trips, the foraging site fidelity remained high when sea-ice concentration changed by ± 10% but showed greater variability when sea-ice concentrations differed on a larger range. In summary, AdĂ©lie penguins specialize their foraging behaviour during chick-rearing according to sea-ice conditions to enhance their reproductive success. The balance between being consistent under favourable environmental conditions vs. being flexible under more challenging conditions may be key to improving foraging efficiency and reproductive success to face fast environmental changes.  
  Programme 1091  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1932-6203 ISBN (down) Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6428  
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Author Karl-Ludwig Klein doi  openurl
  Title Radio Astronomical Tools for the Study of Solar Energetic Particles I. Correlations and Diagnostics of Impulsive Acceleration and Particle Propagation Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 7 Issue Pages 105  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are sporadically ejected from the Sun during flares and coronal mass ejections. They are of major astrophysical interest, because the proximity of the Sun allows for detailed multi-messenger studies. They affect space weather due to interactions with electronics, with the Earth’s atmosphere, and with humans if they leave the protective shield of the magnetosphere of the Earth. Since early studies in the 1950s, starting with particle detectors on the ground, SEP events have been related to radio bursts. Two subjects are addressed in this chapter: attempts to establish quantitative correlations between SEPs and microwave bursts produced by gyro synchrotron radiation of mildly relativistic electrons, and the information derived from type III radio bursts on impulsive processes of particle acceleration and the coronal and interplanetary propagation. Type III radio bursts produced by electron beams on open magnetic field lines have a wide range of applications, including the identification of acceleration regions, the identification of confined particle acceleration with coronal signatures, but no SEPs, and the paths that the electrons, and energetic charged particles in general, take to travel from the low corona to the Heliosphere in case they escape. Simple scenarios of coronal particle acceleration are confirmed in relatively simple and short events. But the comparison with particle transport models shows that longer and delayed acceleration episodes exist especially in large SEP events. They will be discussed in a companion chapter.  
  Programme 227  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2296-987X ISBN (down) Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6775  
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