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Paul Tixier, Paul Burch, Gaetan Richard, Karin Olsson, Dirk Welsford, Mary-Anne Lea, Mark A. Hindell, Christophe Guinet, Anais Janc, Nicolas Gasco, Guy Duhamel, Maria Ching Villanueva, Lavinia Suberg, Rhys Arangio, Marta Söffker, John P. Y. Arnould |
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Title |
Commercial fishing patterns influence odontocete whale-longline interactions in the Southern Ocean |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-11 |
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Abstract |
The emergence of longline fishing around the world has been concomitant with an increase in depredation-interactions by odontocete whales (removal of fish caught on hooks), resulting in substantial socio-economic and ecological impacts. The extent, trends and underlying mechanisms driving these interactions remain poorly known. Using long-term (2003–2017) datasets from seven major Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) longline fisheries, this study assessed the levels and inter-annual trends of sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) and/or killer whale (Orcinus orca) interactions as proportions of fishing time (days) and fishing area (spatial cells). The role of fishing patterns in explaining between-fisheries variations of probabilities of odontocete interactions was investigated. While interaction levels remained globally stable since the early 2000s, they varied greatly between fisheries from 0 to >50% of the fishing days and area. Interaction probabilities were influenced by the seasonal concentration of fishing effort, size of fishing areas, density of vessels, their mobility and the depth at which they operated. The results suggest that between-fisheries variations of interaction probabilities are largely explained by the extent to which vessels provide whales with opportunities for interactions. Determining the natural distribution of whales will, therefore, allow fishers to implement better strategies of spatio-temporal avoidance of depredation. |
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109 |
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2045-2322 |
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2045-2322 |
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yes |
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7447 |
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Françoise Amélineau, David Grémillet, Ann M. A. Harding, Wojciech Walkusz, Rémi Choquet, Jérôme Fort |
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Title |
Arctic climate change and pollution impact little auk foraging and fitness across a decade |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Scientific reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-15 |
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Abstract |
Ongoing global changes apply drastic environmental forcing onto Arctic marine ecosystems, particularly through ocean warming, sea-ice shrinkage and enhanced pollution. To test impacts on arctic marine ecological functioning, we used a 12-year integrative study of little auks (Alle alle), the most abundant seabird in the Atlantic Arctic. We monitored the foraging ecology, reproduction, survival and body condition of breeding birds, and we tested linkages between these biological variables and a set of environmental parameters including sea-ice concentration (SIC) and mercury contamination. Little auks showed substantial plasticity in response to SIC, with deeper and longer dives but less time spent underwater and more time flying when SIC decreased. Their diet also contained less lipid-rich ice-associated prey when SIC decreased. Further, in contrast to former studies conducted at the annual scale, little auk fitness proxies were impacted by environmental changes: Adult body condition and chick growth rate were negatively linked to SIC and mercury contamination. However, no trend was found for adult survival despite high inter-annual variability. Our results suggest that potential benefits of milder climatic conditions in East Greenland may be offset by increasing pollution in the Arctic. Overall, our study stresses the importance of long-term studies integrating ecology and ecotoxicology. |
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388 |
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2045-2322 |
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2045-2322 |
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yes |
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7460 |
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Author |
Marina Renedo, David Amouroux, Zoyne Pedrero, Paco Bustamante, Yves Cherel |
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Title |
Identification of sources and bioaccumulation pathways of MeHg in subantarctic penguins: a stable isotopic investigation |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-10 |
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Abstract |
Seabirds are widely used as bioindicators of mercury (Hg) contamination in marine ecosystems and the investigation of their foraging strategies is of key importance to better understand methylmercury (MeHg) exposure pathways and environmental sources within the different ecosystems. Here we report stable isotopic composition for both Hg mass-dependent (e.g. δ202Hg) and mass-independent (e.g. Δ199Hg) fractionation (proxies of Hg sources and transformations), carbon (δ13C, proxy of foraging habitat) and nitrogen (δ15N, proxy of trophic position) in blood of four species of sympatric penguins breeding at the subantarctic Crozet Islands (Southern Indian Ocean). Penguins have species-specific foraging strategies, from coastal to oceanic waters and from benthic to pelagic dives, and feed on different prey. A progressive increase to heavier Hg isotopic composition (δ202Hg and Δ199Hg, respectively) was observed from benthic (1.45 ± 0.12 and 1.41 ± 0.06‰) to epipelagic (1.93 ± 0.18 and 1.77 ± 0.13‰) penguins, indicating a benthic-pelagic gradient of MeHg sources close to Crozet Islands. The relative variations of MeHg concentration, δ202Hg and Δ199Hg with pelagic penguins feeding in Polar Front circumpolar waters (1.66 ± 0.11 and 1.54 ± 0.06‰) support that different MeHg sources occur at large scales in Southern Ocean deep waters. |
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109 |
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2045-2322 |
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2045-2322 |
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yes |
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7482 |
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F. R. Fontaine, G. Roult, B. Hejrani, L. Michon, V. Ferrazzini, G. Barruol, H. Tkalčić, A. Di Muro, A. Peltier, D. Reymond, T. Staudacher, F. Massin |
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Title |
Very- and ultra-long-period seismic signals prior to and during caldera formation on La Réunion Island |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-15 |
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Abstract |
Early detection of the onset of a caldera collapse can provide crucial information to understand their formation and thus to minimize risks for the nearby population and visitors. Here, we analyse the 2007 caldera collapse of Piton de la Fournaise on La Réunion Island recorded by a broadband seismic station. We show that this instrument recorded ultra-long period (ULP) signals with frequencies in the range (0.003–0.01 Hz) accompanied by very-long period (VLP) signals (between 0.02 and 0.50 Hz) prior to and during the caldera formation suggesting it is possible to detect the beginning of the collapse at depth and anticipate its surface formation. Interestingly, VLP wave packets with a similar duration of 20 s are identified prior to and during the caldera formation. We propose that these events could result from repeating piston-like successive collapses occurring through a ring-fault structure surrounding a magma reservoir from the following arguments: the source mechanism from the main collapse, the observations of slow source processes as well as observations from the field and the characteristic ring-fault seismicity. |
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133 |
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2045-2322 |
ISBN |
2045-2322 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7514 |
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Author |
Antoine Stier, Quentin Schull, Pierre Bize, Emilie Lefol, Mark Haussmann, Damien Roussel, Jean-Patrice Robin, Vincent A. Viblanc |
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Title |
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial responses to stress exposure suggest that king penguins are naturally equipped to resist stress |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-12 |
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Abstract |
Exposure to unpredictable environmental stressors could influence animal health and fitness by inducing oxidative stress, potentially through downstream effects of glucocorticoid stress hormones (e.g. corticosterone) on mitochondrial function. Yet, it remains unclear whether species that have evolved in stochastic and challenging environments may present adaptations to alleviate the effects of stress exposure on oxidative stress. We tested this hypothesis in wild king penguins by investigating mitochondrial and oxidative stress responses to acute restraint-stress, and their relationships with baseline (potentially mirroring exposure to chronic stress) and stress-induced increase in corticosterone levels. Acute restraint-stress did not significantly influence mitochondrial function. However, acute restraint-stress led to a significant increase in endogenous antioxidant defences, while oxidative damage levels were mostly not affected or even decreased. High baseline corticosterone levels were associated with an up-regulation of the glutathione antioxidant system and a decrease in mitochondrial efficiency. Both processes might contribute to prevent oxidative damage, potentially explaining the negative relationship observed between baseline corticosterone and plasma oxidative damage to proteins. While stress exposure can represent an oxidative challenge for animals, protective mechanisms like up-regulating antioxidant defences and decreasing mitochondrial efficiency seem to occur in king penguins, allowing them to cope with their stochastic and challenging environment. |
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119 |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
ISBN |
2045-2322 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7529 |
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Author |
Jan Grimsrud Davidsen, Xavier Bordeleau, Sindre Håvarstein Eldøy, Frederick Whoriskey, Michael Power, Glenn T. Crossin, Colin Buhariwalla, Philippe Gaudin |
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Title |
Marine habitat use and feeding ecology of introduced anadromous brown trout at the colonization front of the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen archipelago |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
11917 |
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Keywords |
Animal migration Behavioural ecology Ecology Stable isotope analysis |
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Abstract |
In 1954, brown trout were introduced to the Kerguelen archipelago (49°S, 70°E), a pristine, sub-Antarctic environment previously devoid of native freshwater fishes. Trout began spreading rapidly via coastal waters to colonize adjacent watersheds, however, recent and unexpectedly the spread has slowed. To better understand the ecology of the brown trout here, and why their expansion has slowed, we documented the marine habitat use, foraging ecology, and environmental conditions experienced over one year by 50 acoustically tagged individuals at the colonization front. Trout mainly utilized the marine habitat proximate to their tagging site, ranging no further than 7 km and not entering any uncolonized watersheds. Nutritional indicators showed that trout were in good condition at the time of tagging. Stomach contents and isotope signatures in muscle of additional trout revealed a diet of amphipods (68%), fish (23%), isopods (6%), and zooplankton (6%). The small migration distances observed, presence of suitable habitat, and rich local foraging opportunities suggest that trout can achieve their resource needs close to their home rivers. This may explain why the expansion of brown trout at Kerguelen has slowed. |
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1041 |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
ISBN |
2045-2322 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8180 |
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Author |
Melissa L. Grunst, Andrea S. Grunst, David Grémillet, Akiko Kato, Sophie Gentès, Jérôme Fort |
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Title |
Keystone seabird may face thermoregulatory challenges in a warming Arctic |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
16733 |
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Keywords |
Climate-change ecology Ecophysiology |
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Abstract |
Climate change affects the Arctic more than any other region, resulting in evolving weather, vanishing sea ice and altered biochemical cycling, which may increase biotic exposure to chemical pollution. We tested thermoregulatory impacts of these changes on the most abundant Arctic seabird, the little auk (Alle alle). This small diving species uses sea ice-habitats for foraging on zooplankton and resting. We equipped eight little auks with 3D accelerometers to monitor behavior, and ingested temperature recorders to measure body temperature (Tb). We also recorded weather conditions, and collected blood to assess mercury (Hg) contamination. There were nonlinear relationships between time engaged in different behaviors and Tb. Tb increased on sea ice, following declines while foraging in polar waters, but changed little when birds were resting on water. Tb also increased when birds were flying, and decreased at the colony after being elevated during flight. Weather conditions, but not Hg contamination, also affected Tb. However, given our small sample size, further research regarding thermoregulatory effects of Hg is warranted. Results suggest that little auk Tb varies with behavior and weather conditions, and that loss of sea ice due to global warming may cause thermoregulatory and energic challenges during foraging trips at sea. |
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388 |
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ISSN |
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ISBN |
2045-2322 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8778 |
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Author |
Cox Sam L., Orgeret Florian, Gesta Mathieu, Rodde Charles, Heizer Isaac, Weimerskirch Henri, Guinet Christophe, O'Hara Robert B. |
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Title |
Processing of acceleration and dive data on‐board satellite relay tags to investigate diving and foraging behaviour in free‐ranging marine predators |
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Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Methods in Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
64-77 |
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Abstract |
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109 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2041-210X |
ISBN |
2041-210X |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6658 |
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Author |
Stier Antoine, Romestaing Caroline, Schull Quentin, Lefol Emilie, Robin Jean‐Patrice, Roussel Damien, Bize Pierre, Davey Matthew |
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Title |
How to measure mitochondrial function in birds using red blood cells: a case study in the king penguin and perspectives in ecology and evolution |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Methods in Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1172-1182 |
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Keywords |
erythrocyte high‐resolution respirometry metabolism mitochondria non‐invasive methodology |
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Abstract |
Summary Mitochondria are the powerhouse of animal cells. They produce through oxidative phosphorylation more than 90% of the cellular energy (ATP) required for organism's growth, reproduction, and maintenance. Hence, information on mitochondrial function is expected to bring important insights in animal ecology and evolution. Unfortunately, the invasiveness of the procedures required to measure mitochondrial function (e.g. sampling of liver or muscles) has limited its study in wild vertebrate populations so far. Here, we capitalize on the fact that bird red blood cells (RBCs) possess functional mitochondria to describe a minimally invasive approach to study mitochondrial function, using blood samples. In the king penguin, we present a protocol, using a high?resolution respirometry system and specific agonists and antagonists enabling the assessment of mitochondrial function in RBCs. We evaluated the inter?assay repeatability of our measures of mitochondrial function, and tested the influence of sample storage and bird handling time on these measures. We also compared measures of mitochondrial function in RBCs and in the pectoral muscle obtained from the same individuals. Mitochondria from RBCs showed the expected responses to mitochondrial agonists and antagonists, and therefore the protocol presented allows computing effective measures of mitochondrial function. The different measures of RBC mitochondrial function were significantly repeatable, were not affected by the handling time of the bird prior to blood sampling (i.e. stress response), and only minimally affected by the storage time of the sample at 4 °C up to 24 h. Most notably, we showed that mitochondrial parameters measured in RBCs moderately correlated to those measured in the pectoral muscle. This study sheds light on the use of RBCs in birds as a valuable and minimally invasive source of information on mitochondrial function. This approach opens new opportunities to study mitochondrial function in free?living animals and could bring knowledge gains in ecology and evolution. Fish, amphibians and reptiles also possess mitochondria in their RBCs, and the approach presented here could also be applicable to these taxa. |
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119,131 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2041-210X |
ISBN |
2041-210X |
Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6795 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Sam L. Cox, Florian Orgeret, Mathieu Gesta, Charles Rodde, Isaac Heizer, Henri Weimerskirch, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
Processing of acceleration and dive data on-board satellite relay tags to investigate diving and foraging behaviour in free-ranging marine predators |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Methods in Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
64-77 |
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Keywords |
accelerometers animal biotelemetry Argos data abstraction Mirounga leonina prey catch attempts satellite data relaying southern elephant seal swimming effort |
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Abstract |
Biologging technologies are changing the way in which the marine environment is observed and monitored. However, because device retrieval is typically required to access the high-resolution data they collect, their use is generally restricted to those animals that predictably return to land. Data abstraction and transmission techniques aim to address this, although currently these are limited in scope and do not incorporate, for example, acceleration measurements which can quantify animal behaviours and movement patterns over fine-scales. In this study, we present a new method for the collection, abstraction and transmission of accelerometer data from free-ranging marine predators via the Argos satellite system. We test run the technique on 20 juvenile southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina from the Kerguelen Islands during their first months at sea following weaning. Using retrieved archival data from nine individuals that returned to the colony, we compare and validate abstracted transmissions against outputs from established accelerometer processing procedures. Abstracted transmissions included estimates, across five segments of a dive profile, of time spent in prey catch attempt (PrCA) behaviours, swimming effort and pitch. These were then summarised and compared to archival outputs across three dive phases: descent, bottom and ascent. Correlations between the two datasets were variable but generally good (dependent on dive phase, marginal R2 values of between .45 and .6 to >.9) and consistent between individuals. Transmitted estimates of PrCA behaviours and swimming effort were positively biased to those from archival processing. Data from this study represent some of the first remotely transmitted quantifications from accelerometers. The methods presented and analysed can be used to provide novel insight towards the behaviours and movements of free-ranging marine predators, such as juvenile southern elephant seals, from whom logger retrieval is challenging. Future applications could however benefit from some adaption, particularly to reduce positive bias in transmitted PrCA behaviours and swimming effort, for which this study provides useful insight. |
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109 |
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ISSN |
2041-210X |
ISBN |
2041-210X |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7116 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
