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Ségolène Humann-Guilleminot, Pierre Blévin, Antonin Azou-Barré, Agathe Yacoumas, Geir Wing Gabrielsen, Olivier Chastel, Fabrice Helfenstein. (2018). Sperm collection in Black-legged Kittiwakes and characterization of sperm velocity and morphology (Vol. 9).
Abstract: Collecting and studying live sperm is central to many important fields of biology. Yet, a simple method to collect live sperm is lacking in wild seabird species. Here, we describe a non-invasive method to collect viable sperm samples based on a simple massage technique applied to male Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla).
Programme: 330
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Emily L. Weiser, Richard B. Lanctot, Stephen C. Brown, José A. Alves, Phil F. Battley, Rebecca Bentzen, Joël Bêty, Mary Anne Bishop, Megan Boldenow, Loïc Bollache, Bruce Casler, Maureen Christie, Jonathan T. Coleman, Jesse R. Conklin, Willow B. English, H. River Gates, Olivier Gilg, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Ken Gosbell, Chris Hassell, Jim Helmericks, Andrew Johnson, Borgný Katrínardóttir, Kari Koivula, Eunbi Kwon, Jean-Francois Lamarre, Johannes Lang, David B. Lank, Nicolas Lecomte, Joe Liebezeit, Vanessa Loverti, Laura McKinnon, Clive Minton, David Mizrahi, Erica Nol, Veli-Matti Pakanen, Johanna Perz, Ron Porter, Jennie Rausch, Jeroen Reneerkens, Nelli Rönkä, Sarah Saalfeld, Nathan Senner, Benoît Sittler, Paul A. Smith, Kristine Sowl, Audrey Taylor, David H. Ward, Stephen Yezerinac, Brett K. Sandercock. (2016). Effects of geolocators on hatching success, return rates, breeding movements, and change in body mass in 16 species of Arctic-breeding shorebirds (Vol. 4).
Abstract: Geolocators are useful for tracking movements of long-distance migrants, but potential negative effects on birds have not been well studied. We tested for effects of geolocators (0.8–2.0 g total, representing 0.1–3.9 % of mean body mass) on 16 species of migratory shorebirds, including five species with 2–4 subspecies each for a total of 23 study taxa. Study species spanned a range of body sizes (26–1091 g) and eight genera, and were tagged at 23 breeding and eight nonbreeding sites. We compared breeding performance and return rates of birds with geolocators to control groups while controlling for potential confounding variables.
Programme: 1036
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Yves Le Bras, Joffrey Jouma’a, Christophe Guinet. (2017). Three-dimensional space use during the bottom phase of southern elephant seal dives (Vol. 5).
Abstract: In marine pelagic ecosystems, the spatial distribution of biomass is heterogeneous and dynamic. At large scales, physical processes are the main driving forces of biomass distribution. At fine scales, both biotic and abiotic parameters are likely to be key determinants in the horizontal and vertical distribution of biomass, with direct consequences on the foraging behaviour of diving predators. However, fine scale three-dimensional (3D) spatial interactions between diving predators and their prey are still poorly known.
Programme: 109
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Petra Quillfeldt, Henri Weimerskirch, Juan F. Masello, Karine Delord, Rona A. R. McGill, Robert W. Furness, Yves Cherel. (2019). Behavioural plasticity in the early breeding season of pelagic seabirds – a case study of thin-billed prions from two oceans (Vol. 7).
Abstract: In long-lived seabirds that migrate large distances independently of each other, the early part of the breeding season is crucially important for a successful reproductive attempt. During this phase, pair bonds are re-established and partners coordinate their breeding duties. We studied the early breeding season in Thin-billed prions Pachyptila belcheri breeding in the Atlantic Ocean (Falkland/Malvinas Islands) and Indian Ocean (Kerguelen). Despite overlap in the wintering areas, these two populations exhibit differences in their timing and direction of migration. We hypothesised that these differences would influence behaviour during the early breeding season.
Programme: 109
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P. L. Woodworth, J. R. Hunter, M. Marcos, P. Caldwell, M. Menéndez, I. Haigh. (2016). Towards a global higher-frequency sea level dataset (Vol. 3).
Abstract: This paper describes the assembly of an updated quasi-global dataset of higher-frequency sea level information obtained from tide gauges operated by many agencies around the world. We believe that the construction of such a dataset is fundamental to scientific research in sea level variability and also to practical aspects of coastal engineering. A first version of the dataset was used in approximately a dozen published studies, and this second version is about twice the size, containing longer and more geographically representative sea level records. The dataset has acquired a digital object identifier and may be obtained from several sources. The paper mentions some of the merits of and deficiencies with the present version and takes a forward look at how the dataset may be updated in the future.
Keywords: international data centres sea level data tide gauges
Programme: 688
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Collet Julien, Patrick Samantha C., Weimerskirch Henri. (2017). Behavioral responses to encounter of fishing boats in wandering albatrosses (Vol. 7).
Abstract: Animals are attracted to human food subsidies worldwide. The behavioral response of individuals to these resources is rarely described in detail, beyond chances of encounters. Seabirds for instance scavenge in large numbers at fishing boats, triggering crucial conservation issues, but how the response to boats varies across encounters is poorly known. Here we examine the behavioral response of wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans), equipped with GPS tags, to longline fishing boats operating near their colony for which we had access to vessel monitoring system data. We distinguish between encounters (flying within 30 km of a boat) and attendance behavior (sitting on the sea within 3 km of a boat), and examine factors affecting each. In particular, we test hypotheses that the response to encountered boats should vary with sex and age in this long‐lived dimorphic species. Among the 60% trips that encountered boats at least once, 80% of them contained attendance (but attendance followed only 60% of each single encounter). Birds were more attracted and remained attending longer when boats were hauling lines, despite the measures enforced by this fleet to limit food availability during operations. Sex and age of birds had low influence on the response to boats, except the year when fewer boats came fishing in the area, and younger birds were attending further from boats compared to older birds. Net mass gain of birds was similar across sex and not affected by time spent attending boats. Our results indicate albatrosses extensively attend this fishery, with no clear advantages, questioning impacts on foraging time budgets. Factors responsible for sex foraging segregation at larger scale seem not to operate at this fleet near the colony and are not consistent with predictions of optimal foraging theory on potential individual dominance asymmetries. This approach complements studies of large‐scale overlap of animals with human subsidies.
Keywords: competition fisheries foraging decisions movement ecology seabirds vessel monitoring system
Programme: 109
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Jeanniard‐du‐Dot Tiphaine, Trites Andrew W., Arnould John P. Y., Speakman John R., Guinet Christophe. (2017). Activity‐specific metabolic rates for diving, transiting, and resting at sea can be estimated from time–activity budgets in free‐ranging marine mammals (Vol. 7).
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Grissac Sophie, Bartumeus Frederic, Cox Sam L., Weimerskirch Henri. (2017). Early‐life foraging: Behavioral responses of newly fledged albatrosses to environmental conditions (Vol. 7).
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Laureline L. Chaise, Iris Prinet, Camille Toscani, Susan L. Gallon, William Paterson, Dominic J. McCafferty, Marc Théry, André Ancel, Caroline Gilbert. (2018). Local weather and body condition influence habitat use and movements on land of molting female southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) (Vol. 8).
Abstract: Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) are known to move and aggregate while molting, but little is known about their behavior on land during this time. In this study, 60 adult females were monitored (23 with GPS tags) during four molting seasons, between 2012 and 2016 at Kerguelen Archipelago, Indian Ocean. Population surveys were recorded each year (N = 230 daily counts), and habitat use was analyzed in relation to the stage of the molt and local weather. Based on stage of molt, habitat use, and movements on land, we classified the molt of elephant seals into three phases: (1) a “search phase” at the initial stage of molt when grass and wallow habitats were used and characterized by greater mean distances travelled on land per day compared with the two other phases; (2) a “resident phase”: during initial and mid-stage of molt when animals were found in grass and wallow habitats but with less distance moved on land; and (3) a “termination phase” at the final stage of molt where grass and beach habitats were occupied with no change in distances. Windchill and solar radiation influenced individual distances moved per day (mean 590 ± 237.0 m) at the mid- and final stage of molt such that animals travelled greater distances on days of low windchill or high solar radiation. Individual variation in distance moved and relative habitat use were also linked to body mass index (BMI) at arrival on the colony, as females with higher BMI moved less and preferred beach habitat. Moreover, the individual rate of molt increased with the use of wallows. Aggregation rate tended to be negatively correlated with distances moved. We therefore suggest that individuals face an energetic trade-off while molting, balancing energy expenditure between movement and thermoregulation.
Keywords: body mass GPS loggers habitat selection marine mammals meteorological conditions molt pinnipeds population counts
Programme: 1201
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Charlène Guillaumot, Salomé Fabri‐Ruiz, Alexis Martin, Marc Eléaume, Bruno Danis, Jean-Pierre Féral, Thomas Saucède. (2018). Benthic species of the Kerguelen Plateau show contrasting distribution shifts in response to environmental changes (Vol. 8).
Abstract: Marine life of the Southern Ocean has been facing environmental changes and the direct impact of human activities during the past decades. Benthic communities have particularly been affected by such changes although we only slowly understand the effect of environmental changes on species physiology, biogeography, and distribution. Species distribution models (SDM) can help explore species geographic responses to main environmental changes. In this work, we modeled the distribution of four echinoid species with contrasting ecological niches. Models developed for [2005–2012] were projected to different time periods, and the magnitude of distribution range shifts was assessed for recent-past conditions [1955–1974] and for the future, under scenario RCP 8.5 for [2050–2099]. Our results suggest that species distribution shifts are expected to be more important in a near future compared to the past. The geographic response of species may vary between poleward shift, latitudinal reduction, and local extinction. Species with broad ecological niches and not limited by biogeographic barriers would be the least affected by environmental changes, in contrast to endemic species, restricted to coastal areas, which are predicted to be more sensitive.
Keywords: conservation echinoid future predictions historical changes Kerguelen Plateau species distribution modeling
Programme: 1044
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