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Pierre Stephan, Lancelot Massé, David Dider, Ronan Autret, Antoine Soloy, Serge Suanez. (2022). Pluri-annual morphological and sedimentological changes of the Valahnúkur boulder barrier, SW Iceland.
Abstract: While recent studies highlighted the great mobility of boulder beaches related to the impact of storm waves, numerous researches are still needed to better understand the morphodynamic of coastal boulder accumulations. This paper provides original data about pluri-annual morphological and sedimentological changes, as well as storm-induced geomorphic processes and their impact on the Valahnúkur boulder barrier, in the south-west of Iceland. First described by Etienne & Paris (2010), this massive accumulation of boulders shows numerous evidences of coastal barrier flooding and intense boulder mobility. Between May 2015 and May 2021, a topo-morphological survey was undertaken to analyze and quantify both cross-shore and longshore morphosedimentary processes of the Valahnúkur boulder barrier and surrounding areas. Annual campaigns of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) flights were conducted in order to produce a set of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and Orthophotographs using Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry. DEMs were compared to deduce the morphological changes. Orthophotographs were analyzed from a deep learning-based method to estimate the changes in the spatial distribution of boulder sizes. Hydrodynamic conditions were reconstructed using wave buoy and tide gauge measurements. Wave runup were calibrated from the analysis of a wave/swash motion data set acquired by video monitoring related to different hydrodynamic conditions. The chronology of extreme water levels has been reconstructed on this high refective beach to estimate the elevation of the wave action during the survey period. From the sediment budget calculation, a significant northward longshore drift of around 1000 m3/a is highlighted on the beachface. The ridge and back-barrier areas were dominated by accretion related to cross-shore boulder transport from the beach. The volume of transported boulders is highly variable according to hydrodynamic conditions. Although the morphogenic impact of winter storms is difficult to assess, the observed morphological changes suggest processes dominated by swash, overtopping and overwash. The boulder size analysis highlights a link between the boulders mass and their movement landward. Video monitoring indicates that the amplitude of the swash is quite similar whether the hydrodynamic conditions are normal or energetic. The high porosity of the barrier appears to be a key factor in the dissipation of wave energy.
Programme: 1216
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Danesi S., M. Dubbini, A. Morelli and L. Vittuari. (2008). Joint geophysical observations of ice stream dynamics (A. Capra and R. Dietrich Eds., Ed.). Bachelor's thesis, Springer-Verlag Berlin Publ., Berlin.
Abstract: Contribution
to ‘Geodetic and Geophysical Observatories in Polar Regions –
Overview in the IPY Perspective’, Springer-Verlag Berlin Publ., A.
Capra and R. Dietrich Eds.,
Programme: 906
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Catherine Larose, Lorrie Maccario, Timothy M. Vogel. (2022). Microbiology of the Cryosphere: Diversity, Habitat Constraints and Ecology (Vol. Volume 3).
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Alexandra Lavrillier, Semen Gabyshev, Maxence Rojo. (2016). The Sable for Evenk Reindeer Herders in Southeastern Siberia: Interplaying Drivers of Changes on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Climate Change, Worldwide Market Econonomy and Extractive Industries (Vol. 9).
Abstract: The transdisciplinary publication introduces the Evenki and their perception of global climate and environmental changes. Then it presents a case study of one of the most important ecosystem services for the Evenki nomads (sable hunting) and how it is threatened by combined drivers of change. It studies in detail changes in the snow and vegetal covers related to sable, analyses the dependency of the nomads on this economic activity, and reflects on how national and international drivers of change influence this trade and, consequently, the well-being of the Evenki. Finally, it concludes by discussing the interplaying drivers of change
Programme: 1127
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Lavrillier, A., Gabyshev S. (2017). An Arctic Indigenous Knowledge System of Landscape, Climate, and Humans interactions. Evenki Reindeer Herders and Hunters.
Abstract: Co-written by an anthropologist and a reindeer herder (BRISK project co-researcher) on the basis of their field materials, this book offers documentation and analysis of complex traditional environmental knowledge. After discussing the methodology of the Evenki community-based transdisciplinary observatory for monitoring climate and environmental changes with herders (2012-2016), the book reveals some of the results of this co-production. It presents the emic typologies and concepts the Evenki use for understanding norms and anomalies, observing and predicting changes, and adaptating. Conceived together with the herders, the book's structure combines analytical texts (traditional in anthropology) and other forms of presentation, such as abstract diagrams with explanations in Evenki, Russian, and English, diagrams on pictures, and encyclopaedic entries with pictures and trilingual explanations from the herders.
Programme: 1127
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Emilie Portier, Denis Mercier, Armelle Decaulne. (2023). Spatial analysis and controlling factors of landslides in East Icelandic fjords (Vol. 29).
Abstract: Les fjords de l’est de l’Islande concentrent de nombreux glissements de terrain. Ces phénomènes visibles par observation à distance d’images satellites et d’un Modèle Numérique de Terrain (MNT) ont été inventoriés dans cette étude, puis mesurés et analysés. Au total, 290 glissements de terrain ont été recensés au sein d’une base de données sous forme de tableur et dans un Système d’Informations Géographiques (SIG). Pour chaque glissement de terrain ont été relevées sa localisation, sa morphométrie (longueur, largeur, superficie, épaisseur, volume estimé, etc.), ainsi que de potentielles variables de contrôle notamment géologiques (lithologie, pendage), ou explicatives (orientation, âge de la déglaciation du versant affecté par le glissement de terrain). Ces variables et leur répartition ont été étudiées par analyse spatiale et statistique. Cette étude met en avant une plus forte densité de glissements de terrain dans le nord de la zone étudiée, qui pourrait s’expliquer par les directions d’écoulement de la calotte glaciaire passée, qui auraient renforcé la pression exercée sur les versants entraînant le phénomène de décompression postglaciaire. Un autre constat est une surreprésentation de glissements orientés vers l’ouest et le sud, amenant l’hypothèse d’un contrôle climatique : les versants davantage ensoleillés auraient subi une déglaciation plus rapide favorisant l’instabilité des versants. Les données recueillies suggèrent également que la lithologie (basaltes tertiaires) est une variable de contrôle et que la période pendant laquelle la zone de glissement de terrain est déglacée est une variable explicative de l'initiation du glissement de terrain. Les glissements de terrain observés s’inscriraient ainsi dans une dynamique paraglaciaire d’instabilité des versants après leur déglaciation.
Keywords: déglaciation glissements de terrain Islande paraglaciaire
Programme: 1266
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Thierry Burgeot, Paco Bustamante, Jérôme Fort,marie-agnès Coutellec, Didier Azam, Olivier Geffard,arnaud Chaumot, Jean Armengaud, Lorraine Maltby,christophe Minier, Wilfried Sanchez, Jean-marc Porcheret Anne Bado-nilles. (2018). Étude de la qualité des milieux aquatiques : caractérisation des impacts écotoxiques. In Détection des impacts toxiques dans l’environnement (Eds. Burgeot T, Minier C, Cuny D, Cuny M-A, Bispo A, Grand C). (Vol. 4). Bachelor's thesis, , .
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Bustamante P, Fort J. (2018). Mammifères et oiseaux marins, indicateurs de la contamination du milieu. In Détection des impacts toxiques dans l’environnement. Bachelor's thesis, , .
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Helffrich George. (2016). Ground Truth.
Abstract: Summary The seismologically observed structures of both the solid inner core and the liquid outer core are the ground truth for the material properties of solid and liquid iron and its alloying elements. The key properties, from a materials science standpoint, are density, seismic wave speeds, and anisotropy. The anisotropy of the inner core does not appear to be simple; it varies laterally at the same radial level as well as varying radially. Four themes including uncertainty, model variability, virtues of solid vs. liquid properties, and composition, are the focus of this chapter. Their elaboration hopefully help present and future investigators of the physical state and composition of the core understand the problems associated with certain types of data and to focus experimental work on avenues of research providing tight observational constraints on the core's character.
Keywords: anisotropy density liquid outer core seismic wave speeds seismological properties solid inner core
Programme: 133
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Pierre Jouventin and F. Stephen Dobson. (2018). Why Penguins Communicate, The Evolution of Visual and Vocal Signals.
Abstract: This book is devoted to Penguin Communication and based on the work done by S Dobson in the TAAF including with the program 119 Econergy. Chapter 3 is largely based on the following paper:
Schull Q., Dobson F. S., Stier A., Robin J. P., Bize P. et V. A. Viblanc (2016) Beak color dynamically signals changes in fasting status and parasite loads in king penguins Behav. Ecol. 27: 1684-1693. doi:10.1093/beheco/arw091
Programme: 119
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