Morin, S.; Savarino, J.; Frey, M.M.; Yan, N.; Bekki, S.; Bottenheim, J.W.; Martins, J.M.F. (2008). Tracing the Origin and Fate of NOx in the Arctic Atmosphere Using Stable Isotopes in Nitrate. Science, 322(5902), 730–732.
Abstract: Atmospheric nitrogen oxides (NOx =NO+ NO2) play a pivotal role in the cycling of reactive nitrogen (ultimately deposited as nitrate) and the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. Combined measurements of nitrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios of nitrate collected in the Arctic atmosphere were used to infer the origin and fate of NOx and nitrate on a seasonal basis. In spring, photochemically driven emissions of reactive nitrogen from the snowpack into the atmosphere make local oxidation of NOx by bromine oxide the major contributor to the nitrate budget. The comprehensive isotopic composition of nitrate provides strong constraints on the relative importance of the key atmospheric oxidants in the present atmosphere, with the potential for extension into the past using ice cores.
Programme: 1011
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Benhamou S., Bonadonna F. & Jouventin P. (2003). Successful homing of magnet-carrying white-chinned petrels released in the open sea. Animal behaviour, 65, 729–734.
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Sato, T., Okuno, J., Hinderer, J., MacMillan, D. S., Plag, H.-P., Francis, O., Falk, R. and Fukuda, Y. (2006). A geophysical interpretation of the secular displacement and gravity rates observed at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard in the Arctic- Effects of the post-glacial rebound and present-day ice melting. Geophysical journal international, 165, 729–743.
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Schwarzenboeck, A.; Duroure, C.; Gayet, J.-F.; Herber, A.; Krecji, R.; Lefevre, R.; Minikin, A.; Neuber, R.; Shcherbakov, V.; Strm, J.; Yamagata, S.; Yamanouchi, T. (2004). Aerosol-Cloud Interaction during the Transition Time Period of Arctic Haze to Clean Summer Conditions. European Aerosol Conference 2004, 35. Budapest, (H).
Keywords: arctic aerosol; aerosol-cloud interaction; arctic mixed phase clouds; indirect aerosol effect
Programme: 430
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Harding, A.M.A., K. Hobson, W. Walkusz, K. Dmoch, N. Karnovsky, T.I. Van Pelt and J.T. Lifjeld. (2008). Can stable isotope (?13C and ?15N) measurements of little auk (Alle alle) adults and chicks be used to track changes in high-Arctic marine foodwebs? Polar Biol., 31(6), 725–733.
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Schott J.J. & Rasson, J.L. (2007). Observatories in Antarctica.
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Yang H.J., Frey F.A., Weis D., Giret A., Pyle D. & Michon G. (1998). Petrogenesis of the Flood Basalts Forming the Northern Kerguelen Archipelago : Implications for the Kerguelen Plume. Journal of petrology, 39(4), 711–748.
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Minier, Vincent; Durand, Gilles; Lagage, Pierre-Olivier; Talvard, M. (2007). CAMISTIC: THz/submm astronomy at Dome C in Antarctica (Vol. 14).
Abstract: Abstract Submillimetre (submm) astronomy is the prime technique to unveil the birth and early evolution of a broad range of astrophysical objects. It is a relatively new branch of observational astrophysics which focuses on studies of the cold Universe, i.e., objects radiating a significant if not dominant fraction of their energy at wavelengths ranging from ˜ 100 μm to ˜ 1 mm. Submm continuum observations are particularly powerful to measure the luminosities, temperatures and masses of cold dust emitting objects. Examples of such objects include star-forming clouds in our Galaxy, prestellar cores and deeply embedded protostars, protoplanetary disks around young stars, as well as nearby starburst galaxies and dust-enshrouded high-redshift galaxies in the early Universe.
Programme: 1040
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Cherel Y., Fontaine C., Jackson G.D., Jackson C.H., Richard P. (2009). Tissue, ontogenic and sex-related differences in ∂13C and ∂15N values of the oceanic squid Todarodes filippovae (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae). Mar. Biol., 156, 699–708.
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de Linage C., Rivera L., Hinderer J., Boy J.-P., Rogister Y., Lambotte S. and Biancale R. (2009). Separation of coseismic and postseismic gravity changes for the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from 4.6 years of GRACE observations and modelling of the coseismic change by normal-modes summation. GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, 176, 695–714.
Abstract: This paper is devoted to the simultaneous determination of the coseismic and postseismic gravitational changes caused by the great 2004 December 26 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake from the time-variable global gravity fields recovered by the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission. Furthermore, a complete modelling of the elasto-gravitational response of a self-gravitating, spherically layered, elastic earth model is carried out using a normal-modes summation for comparison with the observed coseismic gravitational change. Special attention is paid to the ocean mass redistribution. Special care is paid during the inversion of the data to avoid contamination of tectonic gravity changes by ocean tidal model errors, seasonal and interannual signals originating from continental hydrology and oceanic circulation as well as contamination of the coseismic gravity change by the postseismic relaxation. We use a 4.6-yr-long time-series of global gravity solutions including 26 months of postseismic data, provided by the Groupe de Recherche en Géodésie Spatiale (GRGS). For comparison, the Release-04 solutions of the Center for Space Research (CSR) are also investigated after a spectral windowing or a Gaussian spatial smoothing. Results are shown both in terms of geoid height changes and gravity variations. Coseismic and postseismic gravitational changes estimated from the different gravity solutions are globally similar, although their spatial extent and amplitude depend on the type of filter used in the processing of GRACE fields. The highest signal-to-noise ratio is found with the GRGS solutions. The postseismic signature has a spectral content closer to the GRACE bandwidth than the coseismic signature and is therefore better detected by GRACE. The coseismic signature consists mainly of a strong gravity decrease east of the Sunda trench, in the Andaman Sea. A gravity increase is also detected at a smaller scale, west of the trench. The model for the coseismic gravity changes agrees well with the coseismic signature estimated from GRACE, regarding the overall shape and orientation, location with respect to the trench and order of magnitude. Coseismic gravity changes are followed by a postseismic relaxation that are well fitted by an increasing exponential function with a mean relaxation time of 0.7 yr. The total postseismic gravity change consists of a large-scale positive anomaly centred above the trench and extending over 15° of latitude along the subduction. After 26 months, the coseismic gravity decrease has been partly compensated by the postseismic relaxation, but a negative anomaly still remains south of Phuket. A dominant gravity increase extends over 15° of latitude west of the trench, being maximal south of the epicentre area. By investigating analyses of two global hydrology models and one ocean general circulation model, we show that our GRACE estimates of the coseismic and postseismic gravitational changes are almost not biased by interannual variations originating from continental hydrology and ocean circulation in the subduction area and in the central part of the Andaman Sea, while they are biased by several μGal in the Malay Peninsula
Programme: 133
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