Krinner, G.; Guicherd, B.; Ox, K.; Genthon, C.; Magand, O. (2008). Influence of Oceanic Boundary Conditions in Simulations of Antarctic Climate and Surface Mass Balance Change during the Coming Century. Journal of climate, 21(5), 938–962.
Abstract: This article reports on high-resolution (60 km) atmospheric general circulation model simulations of the Antarctic climate for the periods 1981–2000 and 2081–2100. The analysis focuses on the surface mass balance change, one of the components of the total ice sheet mass balance, and its impact on global eustatic sea level. Contrary to previous simulations, in which the authors directly used sea surface boundary conditions produced by a coupled ocean–atmosphere model for the last decades of both centuries, an anomaly method was applied here in which the present-day simulations use observed sea surface conditions, while the simulations for the end of the twenty-first century use the change in sea surface conditions taken from the coupled simulations superimposed on the present-day observations. It is shown that the use of observed oceanic boundary conditions clearly improves the simulation of the present-day Antarctic climate, compared to model runs using boundary conditions from a coupled climate model. Moreover, although the spatial patterns of the simulated climate change are similar, the two methods yield significantly different estimates of the amplitude of the future climate and surface mass balance change over the Antarctic continent. These differences are of similar magnitude as the intermodel dispersion in the current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) exercise: selecting a method for generating boundary conditions for a high-resolution model may be just as important as selecting the climate model itself. Using the anomaly method, the simulated mean surface mass balance change over the grounded ice sheet from 1981–2000 to 2081–2100 is 43-mm water equivalent per year, corresponding to a eustatic sea level decrease of 1.5 mm yr?1. A further result of this work is that future continental-mean surface mass balance changes are dominated by the coastal regions, and that high-resolution models, which better resolve coastal processes, tend to predict stronger precipitation changes than models with lower spatial resolution.
Programme: 454
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Vassie J.M., Harrison A.J., Woodworth P.L., Harangozo S.A., Smithson M.J. & Thompson S.R. (1994). On the temporal variability of the transport between Amsterdam and Kerguelen islands. J. Geophys. Res., 99(c1), 937–949.
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Masson-Delmotte V, Landais A, Combourieu-Nebout N, von Grafenstein U, Jouzel J, Caillon N, Chappellaz J, Dahl-Jensen D, Johnsen SJ, Stenni B. (2005). Rapid climate variability during warm and cold periods in polar regions and Europe. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 337, 935–946.
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Valenziano L., Dall'Oglio G., Graziani A., Martinis L., Pizzo L., Sabbatini L. (2005). Millimetric Site Testing at Dome C: Results and Plans (Vol. 13).
Abstract: Highlights of Astronomy, Vol. 13, as presented at the XXVth General Assembly of the IAU – 2003 [Sydney, Australia, 13 – 26 July 2003]. Edited by O. Engvold. San Francisco, CA: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, ISBN 1-58381-189-3. XXIX 1085
Programme: 1105
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Surai P.F., Speake B.K., Decrock F. & Groscolas R. (2001). Transfer of vitamins E and A from Yolk to embryo during development of the king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus). Physiol. Biochem. Zool., 74(6), 928–936.
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Dobson, F. S., Nolan, P. M., Nicolaus, M., Bajzak, C., Coquel, A. S. & Jouventin, P. (2008). Comparison of color and body condition between early and late breeding king penguins. Ethology, 114, 925–933.
Abstract: Early breeding is associated with greater reproductive success in many species. In king penguins, Aptenodytes patagonicus, laying extends for 6 mo. Early breeders may fledge a single chick at best, but late breeders virtually never fledge a chick. For early and late breeders, we compared colored ornaments known to be important in mate choice: yellow– orange feathers of the breast and auricular areas, and an ultraviolet and yellow–orange beak spot. Our purpose was to discern differences between males and females in this highly sexually monomorphic species, as well as to discern whether colored ornaments are more important for the more successful early breeders (aspects of color were hue, chroma, and brightness). For this, we weighed and measured 130 penguins. Early males had greater reflectance of ultraviolet color from the beak spot than did early females and late breeders of both sexes, and the early males were heavier and in better condition than late breeding males or females. Late breeding females were the yellowest in breast hue, a trait that has been linked to immunocompetence. Within pairs, males and females were significantly correlated in body mass, but only early in the breeding season. We concluded that early in the breeding season when reproductive success was greatest, potential mates were not only more similar in body mass, but also that females may have chosen males that had brighter beak spots and were in better body condition.
Programme: 354
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Kenyon, S. L.; Lawrence, J. S.; Ashley, M. C. B.; Storey, J. W. V.; Tokovinin, A.; Fossat, E. (2006). Atmospheric Scintillation at Dome C, Antarctica: Implications for Photometryand Astrometry. The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 118(944), 924–932.
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Ziad, E. Aristidi, A. Agabi, J. Borgnino, F. Martin, E. Fossat. (2008). First statistics of turbulence outer scale at Dome C. Astronomy & astrophysics, 491, 917–921.
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Mooi R. & David B. (1996). Phylogenetic analyses of extreme morphologies: deep-sea holasteroid echinoids. J. Nat. Hist., 30, 913–953.
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Dubois M. P., Jarne P. & Jouventin P. (2005). Ten polymorphic microsatellite markers in the wandering albatross Diomedea exulans. Molecular ecology notes, 5, 905–907.
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