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Hong S., Candelone J.P. & Boutron C.F. (1997). Changes in zinc and cadmium concentrations in Greenland ice during the past 7760 years. Atmospheric environment, 31(15), 2235–2242.
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Ricaud, P. Gabard, B. Derrien, S. Attie, J.-L. Rose, T. Czekala, H. (2010). Validation of tropospheric water vapor as measured by the 183-GHz HAMSTRAD Radiometer over the Pyrenees Mountains, France. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society, 48(5), 2189–2203.
Abstract: The H2O Antarctica Microwave Stratospheric and Tropospheric Radiometers (HAMSTRAD) 183-GHz radiometer has been developed to measure vertical profiles of tropospheric water vapor above Dome C (Concordia station), Antarctica ( 75?06'S, 123?21'E, 3233 m asml), which is an extremely cold and dry environment, over decades. Prior to its installation at Dome C in January 2009, the instrument was deployed at the Pic du Midi (PdM) station ( 42?56'N, 0?08'E, 2877 m asml) in the Pyrenees Mountains, France, over the period covering February-June 2008. Vertical profiles of absolute humidity and integrated water vapor (IWV) as measured by HAMSTRAD were compared with measurements from radiosondes launched in three different sites: Lannemezan (43?07'N, 0?23'E, 610 m asml), France (~30 km northeast from PdM), Bordeaux-Me?rignac Airport (44?49'N, 0?42'W, 50 m asml), France ( ~ 220 km northwest from PdM), and Zaragoza (41?39'N, 0?53'W, 263 m asml), Spain ( ~170 km southwest from PdM). The validation process also used the vertical profiles of tropospheric H2O as measured by the nadir-viewing infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI) instrument aboard the MetOp-A space platform. The temporal evolution of the HAMSTRAD H2O measurements above the PdM station is very consistent with IASI, sonde, and in situ measurements, tracking the same atmosphere from a dry period in February to a wet period in June. HAMSTRAD showed unrealistic values in periods of well-established snow tempest. While the sensitivity of the HAMSTRAD measurements tends to be degraded 6 km above the altitude of the instrument, namely, above 8877 m asml, the HAMSTRAD measurements seem reasonable at the uppermost retrieval level (namely, 10 km, 12 877 m asml). In May, the wet periods are systematically showing a good agreement between sonde and HAMSTRAD IWV fields and H2O below 6777 m asml but a dry bias of IASI by more than 4-kg m-2 IWV, where- – as outside of these periods, the three data sets behave consistently. Since the best results (mean, standard deviation, bias, and correlation) are obtained when the HAMSTRAD radiometer operates in the very dry conditions of February, namely, in dryness conditions comparable to Dome C summertime values, we are very confident in the optimal use of the instrument when deployed in Antarctica.
Programme: 910
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Bailleul F., Charrassin J.B., Monestiez P., Roquet F., Biuw M., Guinet C. (2007). Successful foraging zones of southern elephant seals from Kerguelen Islands in relation to oceanographic conditions. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci., 362, 2169–2181.
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Brogioni M., G. Macelloni, S. Paloscia, P. Pampaloni, S. Pettinato, E. Santi. (2006). Monitoring Snow Cover Characteristics with Multifrequency Active and Passive Microwave Sensors (Vol. IGARSS 2006).
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Bonadonna, F., Caro, S., Jouventin , P. & Nevitt, G. A. (2006). Evidence that blue petrel, Halobaena Caerulea, fledglings can detect and orient to dimethyl sulfide. J. Exp. Biol., 209, 2165–2169.
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Ancel A., Beaulieu M., Le Maho Y. & Gilbert C. (2009). Emperor penguin mates: keeping together in the crowd. Proc. Biol. Sci., 276, 2163–2169.
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Barbraud C. & Weimerskirch H. (2003). Climate and density shape population dynamics of a marine top predator. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., 270, 2111–2116.
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. (2006). Presence of Hydrogenophylus thermoluteolus DNA in accretion ice in the subglacial Lake Vostok, Antarctica, assessed using rrs, cbb and hox. Environmental Microbiology. Environ. Microbiol., 8(12), 2106–2114.
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Staszewski, V., McCoy, K.D. & Boulinier, T. 2008. (2008). Variable exposure and immunological response to Lyme disease Borrelia among North Atlantic seabird species. Proc. Biol. Sci., 275, 2101–2109.
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. (2001). An Oceanic Cold Reversal during the Last Deglaciation. Science, 293, 2074–2077.
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