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Villemin, T., H. Geirsson, E. Sturkell, and F. Jouanne. (2009). Active deformation at Grímsvötn subglacial volcano: a composite evolution to be deciphered, paper presented at EGU General Assembly 2009, Vienna, Austria, 19-24 April 2009..
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ANGELIER F, CHASTEL O. (2009). Stress, prolactin and parental investment in birds: A review. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 163, 142–148.
Abstract: In this paper, we review the relationships that link avian parental behavior, stress (acute or chronic) and energetic constraints to the secretion of prolactin, the ‘parental hormone’. Prolactin secretion is stimulated by exposure of the parent to tactile and visual stimuli from the nest, the eggs or the chicks, while prolactin facilitates/stimulates the expression of parental behaviors, such as incubating, brooding or feeding. Because of this role of prolactin in the expression of parental behaviors, we suggest that absolute circulating prolactin levels may reflect to the extent to which individuals provide parental care (i.e., parental effort). Stressors and energetic constraints (acute or chronic) depress prolactin levels (‘the prolactin stress response’) and this may be adaptive because it may disrupt the current parental effort of an individual and promote its survival. Alternatively, an attenuation of the prolactin stress response can be considered as a hormonal tactic permitting the maintenance of parental care to the detriment of parental survival during stressful situations. Therefore, we suggest that the magnitude of the prolactin stress response may reflect parental investment. Finally, we detail the interaction that links corticosterone, prolactin and stress in bird parents. We suggest that corticosterone and prolactin may mediate different components of the stress response, and, therefore, we emphasize the importance of considering both hormones when investigating the hormonal basis of parental investment.
Programme: 330
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VERREAULT J., VERBOVEN N., GABRIELSEN G., LETCHER R.J., CHASTEL O. (2008). Changes in prolactin in a highly organohalogen contaminated Arctic top predator seabird, the glaucous gull. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 156, 569–576.
Abstract: The factors influencing prolactin (PRL) variation in birds and in wildlife in general have rarely been investigated with respect to the physiological impacts of exposure to environmental contaminants. We investigated the associations between circulating baseline PRL levels and concentrations of eight persistent organohalogen contaminant (OHC) classes (i.e., major organochlorines and brominated flame retardants, and associated metabolic products) in blood (plasma) of free-ranging glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus), a top predator in the Norwegian Arctic, engaged in the process of incubation. We further examined whether plasma OHC concentrations were associated with the variation of PRL in glaucous gulls exposed to a standardized capture/restraint protocol. Plasma OHC concentrations in male glaucous gulls were 2-to 3-fold higher relative to females. Baseline PRL levels tended to be higher in females compared to males, although not significantly (p = 0.20). In both males and females, the 30-min capture/restraint protocol led on average to a 26% decrease in PRL levels, which resulted in a rate of PRL decrease of 0.76 ng/mL/min. The baseline PRL levels and the rate of decrease in PRL levels tended to vary negatively with plasma OHC concentrations in males, but not in females, although several of these associations did not adhere with the criterion of significance (a = 0.05). Present results suggest that in highly OHC-exposed male glaucous gulls, the control of PRL release may be affected by the direct or indirect modulating actions of OHCs and/or their metabolically derived products. We conclude that potentially OHC-mediated impact on PRL secretion in glaucous gulls (males) may be a contributing factor to the adverse effects observed on the reproductive behavior, development and population size of glaucous gulls breeding in the Norwegian Arctic.
Programme: 330
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MAJ emilie. (2009). Rapport scientifique FESTIVETHNO – mission en Iakoutie -, Programme de recherches Institut Paul-Emile Victor, Campagne été 2009, 19 juin – 13 août 2009.
Abstract: Rapport de la mission Festivethno 2009, 49 pages
Programme: 1024
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Pardo, D. (2009). Environnement, succès reproducteur et hétérogénéité de la probabilité de détection: Influence du plan d’échantillonnage sur les estimations de survie par Capture-Marquage-Recapture..
Abstract: Rapport de Master 2 BEE, Universite Montpellier 2.
Programme: 333
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Lilensten J., J. Moen, M. Barthélemy, R. Thissen, C. Simon, D. A. Lorentzen, O. Dutuit, P. O. Amblard, F. Sigernes. (2008). Polarization in aurorae: A new dimension for space environments studies, ., 35, L08804. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 35(L08804).
Abstract: The polarization of emission lines is a noteworthy
observational parameter in astronomy. However, it has
never been detected without ambiguity in planetary upper
atmospheres. Theoretical considerations have suggested that
the polarization of the thermospheric oxygen red line
(630 nm) could exist in the polar cap region. We present
here its first successful measurement at Svalbard in January
2007, during active geophysical conditions. We assign its
origin and variability to complementary effects between
permanent low-energy electron precipitation and sporadic
auroral events. Implications in physics, geophysics and
planetary science are foreseen. In physics, it raises the
question of the polarization of a forbidden transition by
electron impact which is still unknown. In geophysics, it
provides a new parameter to constrain the thermospheric
models. In planetary science, it makes it possible to derive
the local configuration of the magnetic fields. It therefore
opens new perspectives for future space missions towards
other planets.
Programme: 1026
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Belehaki, I. Stanislawska, J. Lilensten. (2009). An Overview of Ionosphere – Thermosphere Models Available for Space Weather Purposes.
Abstract: Our objective is to review recent advances in ionospheric and thermospheric modeling that
aim at supporting space weather services. The emphasis is placed on achievements of European
research groups involved in the COST Action 724. Ionospheric and thermospheric modeling on time
scales ranging from a few minutes to several days is fundamental for predicting space weather effects
on the Earth's ionosphere and thermosphere. Space weather affects telecommunications, navigation
and positioning systems, radars, and technology in space. We start with an overview of the physical
effects of space weather on the upper atmosphere and on systems operating at this regime. Recent
research on drivers and development of proxies applied to support space weather modeling efforts are
presented, with emphasis on solar radiation indices, solar wind drivers and ionospheric indices. The
models are discussed in groups corresponding to the physical effects they are dealing with, i.e.
bottomside ionospheric effects, trans-ionospheric effects, neutral density and scale height variations,
and spectacular space weather effects such as auroral emissions. Another group of models dealing with
global circulation are presented here to demonstrate 3D modeling of the space environment. Where
possible we present results concerning comparison of the models' performance belonging to the same
group. Finally we give an overview of European systems providing products for the specification and
forecasting of space weather effects on the upper atmosphere, which have implemented operational
versions of several ionospheric and thermospheric models.
Programme: 1026
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Boulinier, T., Mariette, M., Danchin, E. & Doligez, B. 2008. (2008). Choosing where to breed: Breeding habitat choice. In Behavioral Ecology. Danchin, E., Giraldeau, L.-A. & Cezilly, F (eds). Oxford University Press, 285-321..
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Doligez, B. & Boulinier, T. (2008). Habitat Selection and Habitat Suitability Preferences..
Abstract: In Encyclopedia of Ecology.
Programme: 333
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Herbaut C. and M.-N. Houssais. (2009). Response of the eastern North Atlantic subpolar gyre to the North Atlantic Oscillation. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 36.
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