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Author |
Picard G, Brucker L, Roy A, Dupont F, Fily M, Royer A, |
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Title |
Simulation of the microwave emission of multi-layered snowpacks using the dense media radiative transfer theory: the DMRT-ML model
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Geoscientific Model Development Discussions |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
3647-3694 |
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Abstract |
DMRT-ML is a physically-based numerical model designed to compute the thermal microwave emission of a given snowpack. Its main application is the simulation of brightness temperatures at frequencies in the range 1-200 GHz similar to those acquired routinely by space-based microwave radiometers. The model is based on the Dense Media Radiative Transfer (DMRT) theory for the computation of the snow scattering and extinction coefficients and on the Discrete Ordinate Method (DISORT) to numerically solve the radiative transfer equation. The snowpack is modeled as a stack of multiple horizontal snow layers and an optional underlying interface representing the soil or the bottom ice. The model handles both dry and wet snow conditions. Such a general design allows the user to account for a wide range of snow conditions. Hitherto, the model has been used to simulate the thermal emission of the deep firn on ice sheets, shallow snowpacks overlying soil in Arctic and Alpine regions, and overlying ice on the large ice-sheet margins and glaciers. DMRT-ML has thus been validated in three very different conditions: Antarctica, Barnes Ice Cap (Canada) and Canadian tundra. It has been recently used in conjunction with inverse methods to retrieve snow grain size from remote sensing data. The model is written in Fortran90 and available to the snow remote sensing community as an open-source software. |
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1073 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1991-962X |
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yes |
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3968 |
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Title |
A reassessment of the budget of formic and acetic acids in the boundary layer at Dumont d'Urville (coastal Antarctica): The role of penguin emissions on the budget of several oxygenated volatile organic compounds
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
117 |
Issue |
D6 |
Pages |
D06308- |
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Keywords |
carboxylic acids, formic and acetic acids, ornithogenic soil emission, oxygenated volatile compounds, 0315 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions, 0330 Geochemical cycles, 0365 Troposphere: composition and chemistry, |
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Abstract |
Initiated in 1997, the year-round study of formic and acetic acids was maintained until 2011 at the coastal Antarctic site of Dumont d'Urville. The records show that formic and acetic acids are rather abundant in summer with typical mixing ratios of 200 pptv and 700 pptv, respectively. With the aim to constrain their budget, investigations of their potential marine precursors like short-chain alkenes and acetaldehyde were initiated in 2011. Acetic acid levels in December 2010 were four times higher than those observed over summers back to 1997. These unusually high levels were accompanied by unusually high levels of ammonia, and by an enrichment of oxalate in aerosols. These observations suggest that the guano decomposition in the large penguin colonies present at the site was particularly strong under weather conditions encountered in spring 2010 (important snow storms followed by sunny days with mild temperatures). Although being dependent on environmental conditions, this process greatly impacts the local atmospheric budget of acetic acid, acetaldehyde, and acetone during the entire summer season. Present at levels as high as 500 pptv, acetaldehyde may represent the major precursor of acetic acid, alkene-ozone reactions remaining insignificant sources. Far less influenced by penguin emissions, the budget of formic acid remains not fully understood even if alkene-ozone reactions contribute significantly.
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414;903 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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2156-2202 |
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yes |
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Serial |
3995 |
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Title |
Maternal antibody persistence: a neglected life-history trait with implications from albatross conservation to comparative immunology
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
279 |
Issue |
1735 |
Pages |
2033 -2041 |
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Abstract |
The evolution of different life-history strategies has been suggested as a major force constraining physiological mechanisms such as immunity. In some long-lived oviparous species, a prolonged persistence of maternal antibodies in offspring could thus be expected in order to protect them over their long growth period. Here, using an intergenerational vaccination design, we show that specific maternal antibodies can display an estimated half-life of 25 days post-hatching in the nestlings of a long-lived bird. This temporal persistence is much longer than previously known for birds and it suggests specific properties in the regulation of IgY immunoglobulin catabolism in such a species. We also show that maternal antibodies in the considered procellariiform species are functional as late as 20 days of age. Using a modelling approach, we highlight that the potential impact of such effects on population viability could be important, notably when using vaccination for conservation. These results have broad implications, from comparative immunology to evolutionary eco-epidemiology and conservation biology.
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Programme |
333 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1471-2954 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4003 |
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Author |
Bonadonna Francesco, Mardon Jerome, |
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Title |
Besides Colours and Songs, Odour is the New Black of Avian Communication
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Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
XII |
Issue |
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Pages |
325-339- |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
354 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
Springer New York |
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ISBN |
978-1-4614-5926-2 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4007 |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
75 |
Issue |
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Pages |
92-100 |
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Keywords |
Ground based camera, Snow cover dynamics, In situ sensing, Geometric correction, Digital camera, Svalbard, Glacier, High temporal resolution, |
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Abstract |
Arctic glaciers are reliable indicators of global climate changes. However, monitoring snow and ice dynamics in Arctic regions is challenging: some fast but key events can be missed since they are short in time but significant in the hydrological budget. |
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Programme |
304,1108,1111 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0924-2716 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4008 |
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Author |
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Title |
Selective upregulation of lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle of foraging juvenile king penguins: an integrative study
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
279 |
Issue |
1737 |
Pages |
2464 -2472 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The passage from shore to marine life of juvenile penguins represents a major energetic challenge to fuel intense and prolonged demands for thermoregulation and locomotion. Some functional changes developed at this crucial step were investigated by comparing pre-fledging king penguins with sea-acclimatized (SA) juveniles (Aptenodytes patagonicus). Transcriptomic analysis of pectoralis muscle biopsies revealed that most genes encoding proteins involved in lipid transport or catabolism were upregulated, while genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were mostly downregulated in SA birds. Determination of muscle enzymatic activities showed no changes in enzymes involved in the glycolytic pathway, but increased 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, an enzyme of the -oxidation pathway. The respiratory rates of isolated muscle mitochondria were much higher with a substrate arising from lipid metabolism (palmitoyl-l-carnitine) in SA juveniles than in terrestrial controls, while no difference emerged with a substrate arising from carbohydrate metabolism (pyruvate). In vivo, perfusion of a lipid emulsion induced a fourfold larger thermogenic effect in SA than in control juveniles. The present integrative study shows that fuel selection towards lipid oxidation characterizes penguin acclimatization to marine life. Such acclimatization may involve thyroid hormones through their nuclear beta receptor and nuclear coactivators.
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Programme |
131 |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1471-2954 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4013 |
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Author |
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Title |
Phylogenetic footprints of an Antarctic radiation: The Trematominae (Notothenioidei, Teleostei)
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. |
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Volume |
65 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
87-101 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica, Notothenioidei, Trematominae, Trematomus, |
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Abstract |
The teleost suborder Notothenioidei is restricted to the Southern Ocean and has been described as a species flock spanning the whole of it. Within the suborder, the subfamily Trematominae is important for coastal Antarctic ecosystems. The eleven Trematomus species occupy a large range of ecological niches. The genus is monophyletic if the genus Pagothenia (two additional species) and Cryothenia amphitreta, also nested within it, are included. Although the Trematominae have received much interest, the relationships among these fourteen species are still unclear. |
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Programme |
1124 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1055-7903 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4022 |
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Author |
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Title |
Food availability and offspring sex in a monogamous seabird: insights from an experimental approach
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
751 -758 |
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Abstract |
Sex allocation theory predicts that parents should favor offspring of the sex that provides the greatest fitness return. Despite growing evidence suggesting that vertebrates are able to overcome the constraint of chromosomal sex determination, the general pattern remains equivocal, indicating a need for experimental investigations. We used an experimental feeding design to study sex allocation during 3 years in black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla). Intense malemale competition for securing a breeding site is common in this species in which males are heavier and larger than females. Hence, we hypothesized that parents producing fledglings in better than average condition, as supplementarily fed pairs do, would increase their fitness return by producing sons. Conversely, producing daughters would be a better tactic for Unfed parents. Hence, we predicted that Fed parents produce more sons than Unfed parents. This prediction is particularly expected if sexual dimorphism arises as early as during chick rearing, suggesting strong selective pressures for optimal male development. Our results showed that 1) males were heavier and larger than females prior to fledging and that 2) Fed parents produced relatively more male hatchlings than Unfed parents. We interpret this result in terms of a TriversWillard-type process. Furthermore, our data revealed that Unfed parents significantly overproduced female hatchlings, whereas offspring sex ratio was balanced among Fed parents. Because the 3 reproductive seasons we considered were particularly poor food years, Unfed parents may have overproduced daughters to avoid the apparent higher reproductive costs of raising sons.
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Programme |
1162 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1045-2249 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4040 |
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Author |
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Title |
New national and regional bryophyte records, 30
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Journal of Bryology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
45-51(7) |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
136 |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
Maney Publishing |
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ISSN |
0373-6687 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4104 |
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Author |
Renault D., Lalouette L. |
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Title |
Short Note: Critical thermal minima of three sub-Antarctic insects from the French southern Indian Ocean islands
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Antarctic Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
01 |
Pages |
43-44 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
136 |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0954-1020 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4112 |
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