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Author |
Winton V.H.L., Ming A., Caillon N., Hauge L. Jones A.E., Savarino J., Yang X., Frey M.M. |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
20 |
Issue |
9 |
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Programme |
1177 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Edition  |
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ISSN |
1680-7316 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7855 |
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Author |
E. Crubezy, O. Melnichuk, A. Alexeev |
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Title |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Vestnik arheologii, antropologii i etnografii |
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Volume |
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Issue |
4 (51) |
Pages |
110-119 |
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Abstract |
For the past 15 years, our research has focused on the evolution of the first Yakut populations, their interaction with local tribes as well as with the Russian population, which marks the beginning of Yakutia's development from the first half of the 17th century. We conducted the excavation of tombs and we analysed the cultural, historical and paleogenetic data uncovered. A review and a synthesis of the main results published in articles and monographs informs our research directions for the future. |
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Programme |
1038 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1811-7465 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7936 |
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Title |
Sensitivity of the surface energy budget to drifting snow as simulated by MAR in coastal Adelie Land, Antarctica |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
3595-3614 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
411,1013 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1994-0416 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7946 |
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Title |
Cryptic speciation in gentoo penguins is driven by geographic isolation and regional marine conditions: Unforeseen vulnerabilities to global change |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Diversity and distributions |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
958-975 |
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Keywords |
diversification ecological niche overlap gentoo penguin subspecies |
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Abstract |
Aim The conservation of biodiversity is hampered by data deficiencies, with many new species and subspecies awaiting description or reclassification. Population genomics and ecological niche modelling offer complementary new tools for uncovering functional units of phylogenetic diversity. We hypothesize that phylogenetically delineated lineages of gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) distributed across Antarctica and sub-Antarctic Islands are subject to spatially explicit ecological conditions that have limited gene flow, facilitating genetic differentiation, and thereby speciation processes. Location Antarctica and sub-Antarctic area. Methods We identify divergent lineages for gentoo penguins using ddRAD-seq and mtDNA, and generated species distribution models (SDMs) based on terrestrial and marine parameters. Results Analyses of our genomic data supports the existence of four major lineages of gentoo penguin: (i) spanning the sub-Antarctic archipelagos north of the Antarctic Polar Front (APF); (ii) Kerguelen Island; (iii) South America; and (iv) across maritime Antarctic and the Scotia Arc archipelagos. The APF, a major current system around Antarctica, acts as the most important barrier separating regional sister lineages. Our ecological analyses spanning both the terrestrial (breeding sites) and marine (feeding sites) realms recover limited niche overlap among the major lineages of gentoo penguin. We observe this pattern to correspond more closely with regional differentiation of marine conditions than to terrestrial macroenvironmental features. Main conclusions Recognition of regional genetic lineages as discrete evolutionary entities that occupy distinct ecological niches and also differ morphologically should be considered a priority for conservation. Gentoo penguins provide a good example of how conservation policy can be directly impacted by new insights obtained through the integration of larger genomic datasets with novel approaches to ecological modelling. This is particularly pertinent to polar environments that are among the most rapidly changing environments on earth. |
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Programme |
137,354 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1472-4642 |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7950 |
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Title |
Impact of Annual Bacterial Epizootics on Albatross Population on a Remote Island |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
EcoHealth |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
194-202 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The reduced species richness typical of oceanic islands provides an interesting environmental setup to examine in natura the epidemiological dynamics of infectious agents with potential implications for public health and/or conservation. On Amsterdam Island (Indian Ocean), recurrent die-offs of Indian yellow-nosed albatross (Thalassarche carteri) nestlings have been attributed to avian cholera, caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida. In order to help implementing efficient measures for the control of this disease, it is critical to better understand the local epidemiology of P. multocida and to examine its inter- and intra-annual infection dynamics. We evaluated the infection status of 264 yellow-nosed albatrosses over four successive breeding seasons using a real-time PCR targeting P. multocida DNA from cloacal swabs. Infection prevalence patterns revealed an intense circulation of P. multocida throughout the survey, with a steady but variable increase in infection prevalence within each breeding season. These epizootics were associated with massive nestling dies-offs, inducing very low fledging successes (??20%). These results suggest important variations in the transmission dynamics of this pathogen. These findings and the developed PCR protocol have direct applications to guide future research and refine conservation plans aiming at controlling the disease. |
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Programme |
109, 1151 |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1612-9210 |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7961 |
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Author |
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Title |
Decadal changes in blood ?13C values, at-sea distribution, and weaning mass of southern elephant seals from Kerguelen Islands |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
287 |
Issue |
1933 |
Pages |
20201544 |
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Keywords |
bio-logging decadal change foraging habitat Indian sector of the Southern Ocean population strategies stable isotopes |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
109,1201 |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8006 |
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Author |
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Title |
Selecting environmental descriptors is critical for modelling the distribution of Antarctic benthic species |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
43 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1363-1381 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Species distribution models (SDMs) are increasingly used in ecological and biogeographic studies by Antarctic biologists, including for conservation and management purposes. During the modelling process, model calibration is a critical step to ensure model reliability and robustness, especially in the case of SDMs, for which the number of selected environmental descriptors and their collinearity is a recurring issue. Boosted regression trees (BRT) was previously considered as one of the best modelling approach to correct for this type of bias. In the present study, we test the performance of BRT in modelling the distribution of Southern Ocean species using different numbers of environmental descriptors, either collinear or not. Models are generated for six sea star species with contrasting ecological niches and wide distribution ranges over the entire Southern Ocean. For the six studied species, overall modelling performance is not affected by the number of environmental descriptors used to generate models, BRT using the most informative descriptors and minimizing model overfitting. However, removing collinear descriptors also helps reduce model overfitting. Our results confirm that BRTs may perform well and are relevant to deal with complex and redundant environmental information for Antarctic biodiversity distribution studies. Selecting a limited number of non-collinear descriptors before modelling may generate simpler models and facilitate their interpretation. The modelled distributions do not differ noticeably between the different species despite contrasting species ecological niches. This unexpected result stresses important limitations in using SDMs for broad scale spatial studies, based on limited, spatially aggregated data, and low-resolution descriptors. |
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Programme |
1044,1124 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1432-2056 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8184 |
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Author |
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Title |
Holocene dynamics of the southern westerly winds over the Indian Ocean inferred from a peat dust deposition record |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Quaternary Science Reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
231 |
Issue |
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Pages |
106169 |
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Keywords |
Amsterdam Island Anthropogenic activities Dust sources Peat Southern westerly winds |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1065,1133 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0277-3791 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8193 |
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Title |
A geochemical investigation of an Early Inuit semi-subterranean winter dwelling in a periglacial context |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of archaeological science: reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
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Pages |
102552 |
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Keywords |
C-N analysis Cryosolic soils geochemistry FTIR ICP-AES Inuit archaeology Nunavik Semi-subterranean house |
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Abstract |
Geochemical investigations using FTIR, ICP-AES and C-N analyses were carried out on a single-family semi-subterranean Inuit house in order to assess the contribution of Inuit domestic activities in the formation of cryosolic soils in a periglacial archaeological context (Kuuvik Bay, Nunavik, Canada). The geochemical elements data were analyzed using box plots and enrichment factors. The information was also summarized and visualized through principal component analysis (PCA). These complementary statistical approaches provided evidence of a moderate but identifiable and significant imprint of Inuit domestic activities on soil geochemistry. The box plots indicate moderate Ca, Mn, Cu and P enrichments and more noticeable Mg, Fe and S enrichments. These enrichment factors and the ICP-AES data show that samples from the peripheral wall and the tunnel entrance of the house and its vicinity are significantly enriched. While FTIR analysis highlighted the main soil element contents (e.g., organic and mineral components), ICP-AES analysis was used to further document variations in the background elements throughout the site. However, the obtained results do not allow us to undertake a spatial analysis of Inuit activities or to describe them in detail. In addition, the data highlight the difficulty of documenting the natural variability of element contents in cryosolic soils, especially in archaeological contexts. Cryo-pedological processes in the active layer as well as house cleaning and nutrient inputs resulting from Inuit occupations may have attenuated chemical signatures of previous Inuit domestic activities. |
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Programme |
1080 |
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Campaign |
LOTECHAIN |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
2352-409X |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8206 |
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Author |
Renac Christophe, Moine Bertrand, Goudour Jean-Pierre, LeRomancer Marc, Perrache Chantal |
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Title |
Stable isotope study of rainfall, river drainage and hot springs of the kerguelen archipelago, SW Indian Ocean |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Geothermics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
83 |
Issue |
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Pages |
101726 |
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Keywords |
Geothermal springs Kerguelen archipelago Stable isotope composition Water-Rock interaction |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
408,444 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0375-6505 |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8262 |
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